wip: [01-stabilize] paused at task 1/1 - OCR Hallucination Immune logic via Semantic delta window and fret-isolation

This commit is contained in:
2026-03-29 22:08:40 +09:00
parent aca7bf592a
commit 2507de45d3
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docs/
static/
.claude/
.github/
# Cache files
.DS_Store
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*$py.class
.mypy_cache/
.ruff_cache/
.pytest_cache/
.ipynb_checkpoints
# Virtual Environments
.venv
venv/
# Editor cruft
.vscode/
.idea/
# Build Files
dist/
# Data files
*.gif
*.txt
*.pdf
*.csv
*.json
*.jsonl
*.bak
# Secrets and sensitive files
secrets.env
.env
browser_cookies.json
cookies.json
gcp-login.json
saved_trajectories/
AgentHistory.json
AgentHistoryList.json
private_example.py
private_example

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# Browser Use Configuration
# Copy this file to .env and fill in your values
# Logging Configuration
# Set the logging level (debug, info, warning, error)
BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL=info
# Log file paths (optional)
# Save debug level logs to this file
BROWSER_USE_DEBUG_LOG_FILE=debug.log
# Save info level logs to this file
BROWSER_USE_INFO_LOG_FILE=info.log
# CDP (Chrome DevTools Protocol) logging level
CDP_LOGGING_LEVEL=WARNING
# Telemetry and Analytics
# Enable/disable anonymous telemetry
ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY=true
# Browser Use Cloud Configuration
# Get your API key from: https://cloud.browser-use.com/new-api-key
BROWSER_USE_API_KEY=your_bu_api_key_here
# Custom API base URL (for enterprise installations)
# BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_API_URL=https://api.browser-use.com
# Cloud sync settings
# BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_SYNC=false
# Model Configuration (optional - use if you want to use other LLM providers)
# Default LLM model to use
# OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key_here
# ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your_anthropic_api_key_here
# AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY=
# AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT=
# GOOGLE_API_KEY=
# DEEPSEEK_API_KEY=
# GROK_API_KEY=
# NOVITA_API_KEY=
# AWS Bedrock Configuration (for AWS Bedrock models)
# Requires: pip install browser-use[aws]
# Note: You need proper AWS Bedrock access and model permissions in your AWS account
# AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=your_aws_access_key_id_here
# AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=your_aws_secret_access_key_here
# AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=your_session_token_here # Only required for temporary credentials
# AWS_REGION=us-east-1
# Browser Configuration
# Path to Chrome/Chromium executable (optional)
# BROWSER_USE_EXECUTABLE_PATH=/path/to/chrome
# Run browser in headless mode
# BROWSER_USE_HEADLESS=false
# User data directory for browser profile
# BROWSER_USE_USER_DATA_DIR=./browser_data
# Proxy Configuration (optional)
# BROWSER_USE_PROXY_SERVER=http://proxy.example.com:8080
# BROWSER_USE_NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,*.internal
# BROWSER_USE_PROXY_USERNAME=username
# BROWSER_USE_PROXY_PASSWORD=password
# Version Check
# Enable/disable checking for newer browser-use versions on agent startup
BROWSER_USE_VERSION_CHECK=true

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static/*.gif filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
# static/*.mp4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

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66b3c26df51adec32d42c3b2c0304e0662457298
2be4ba4f7078d47bbeed04baf6f8fb04017df028

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# Contributing to browser-use
We love contributions! Please read through these links to get started:
- 🔢 [Contribution Guidelines](https://docs.browser-use.com/development/contribution-guide)
- 👾 [Local Development Setup Guide](https://docs.browser-use.com/development/local-setup)
- 🏷️ [Issues Tagged: `#help-wanted`](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20state%3Aopen%20label%3A%22help%20wanted%22)

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name: 🎯 AI Agent ✚ Page Interaction Issue
description: Agent fails to detect, click, scroll, input, or otherwise interact with some type of element on some page(s)
labels: ["bug", "element-detection"]
title: "Interaction Issue: ..."
body:
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! Please fill out the form below to help us reproduce and fix the issue.
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
---
> [!IMPORTANT]
> 🙏 Please **go check *right now before filling this out* that that you are *actually* on the [⬆️ LATEST VERSION](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/releases)**.
> 🚀 We ship changes every hour and we might've already fixed your issue today!
> <a href="https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/releases"><img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4cd34ee6-bafb-4f24-87e2-27a31dc5b9a4" width="500px"/></a>
> If you are running an old version, the **first thing we will ask you to do is *upgrade to the latest version* and try again**:
> - 🆕 [`beta`](https://docs.browser-use.com/development/local-setup): `uv pip install --upgrade git+https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use.git@main`
> - 📦 [`stable`](https://pypi.org/project/browser-use/#history): `uv pip install --upgrade browser-use`
- type: input
id: version
attributes:
label: Browser Use Version
description: |
What version of `browser-use` are you using? (Run `uv pip show browser-use` or `git log -n 1`)
**DO NOT JUST WRITE `latest release` or `main` or a very old version or we will close your issue!**
placeholder: "e.g. 0.4.45 or 62760baaefd"
validations:
required: true
- type: input
id: model
attributes:
label: LLM Model
description: Which LLM model are you using?
placeholder: "e.g. bu-1.0, gpt-5-mini, claude-4-5-sonnet, gemini-2.0-flash, etc."
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: prompt
attributes:
label: Screenshots, Description, and task prompt given to Agent
description: |
A description of the issue + screenshots, and the full task prompt you're giving the agent (redact sensitive data).
To help us fix it even faster, screenshot the Chome devtools [`Computed Styles` pane](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/css/reference#computed) for each failing element.
placeholder: |
🎯 High-level goal: Compare the prices of 3 items on a few different seller pages
💬 Agent(task='''
1. go to https://example.com and click the "xyz" dropdown
2. type "abc" into search then select the "abc" option <- ❌ agent fails to select this option
3. ...
☝️ please include real URLs 🔗 and screenshots 📸 when possible!
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: html
attributes:
label: "HTML around where it's failing"
description: A snippet of the HTML from the failing page around where the Agent is failing to interact.
render: html
placeholder: |
<form na-someform="abc"> <!-- ⬅️ at least one parent element above -->
<div class="element-to-click">
<div data-isbutton="true">Click me</div>
</div>
<input id="someinput" name="someinput" type="text" /> <!-- ⬅️ failing element -->
...
</form>
validations:
required: true
- type: input
id: os
attributes:
label: Operating System & Browser Versions
description: What operating system and browser are you using?
placeholder: "e.g. Ubuntu 24.04 + playwright chromium v136, Windows 11 + Chrome.exe v133, macOS ..."
validations:
required: false
- type: textarea
id: code
attributes:
label: Python Code Sample
description: Include some python code that reproduces the issue
render: python
placeholder: |
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv() # tip: always load_dotenv() before other imports
from browser_use import Agent, BrowserSession, Tools
from browser_use.llm import ChatOpenAI
agent = Agent(
task='...',
llm=ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-4.1"),
browser_session=BrowserSession(headless=False),
)
...
- type: textarea
id: logs
attributes:
label: Full DEBUG Log Output
description: Please copy and paste the *full* log output *from the start of the run*. Make sure to set `BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL=DEBUG` in your `.env` or shell environment.
render: shell
placeholder: |
$ python /app/browser-use/examples/browser/real_browser.py
DEBUG [browser] 🌎 Initializing new browser
DEBUG [agent] Version: 0.1.46-9-g62760ba, Source: git

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name: 👾 Library Bug Report
description: Report a bug in the browser-use Python library
labels: ["bug", "triage"]
title: "Bug: ..."
body:
# - type: markdown
# attributes:
# value: |
# Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! Please fill out the form below to help us reproduce and fix the issue.
- type: input
id: version
attributes:
label: Browser Use Version
description: |
What exact version of `browser-use` are you using? (Run `uv pip show browser-use` or `git log -n 1`)
**DO NOT WRITE `latest release` or `main` or a very old version or we will close your issue!**
placeholder: "e.g. 0.4.45 or 62760baaefd"
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: description
attributes:
label: Bug Description, Steps to Reproduce, Screenshots
description: A clear and concise description of what the bug is + steps taken, drag screenshots in showing any error messages and relevant pages.
placeholder: |
1. Installed browser-use library by running: `uv pip install browser-use`
2. Installed the browser by running: `playwright install chromium --with-deps`
3. Ran the code below with the following prompt: `go to example.com and do xyz...`
4. Agent crashed and showed the following error: ...
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: code
attributes:
label: Failing Python Code
description: Include the exact python code you ran that encountered the issue, redact any sensitive URLs and API keys.
render: python
placeholder: |
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv() # tip: always load_dotenv() before other imports
from browser_use import Agent, BrowserSession, Tools
from browser_use.llm import ChatOpenAI
agent = Agent(
task='...',
llm=ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-4.1-mini"),
browser_session=BrowserSession(headless=False),
)
...
- type: input
id: model
attributes:
label: LLM Model
description: Which LLM model are you using? (Optional)
placeholder: "e.g. ChatBrowserUse, gpt-4.1-mini, gemini-flash-latest, etc."
- type: input
id: os
attributes:
label: Operating System & Browser Versions
description: What operating system and browser are you using? (Optional)
placeholder: "e.g. Ubuntu 24.04 + playwright chromium v136, Windows 11 + Chrome.exe v133, macOS ..."
- type: textarea
id: logs
attributes:
label: Full DEBUG Log Output
description: Please copy and paste the log output. Make sure to set `BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL=DEBUG` in your `.env` or shell environment.
render: shell
placeholder: |
$ python /app/browser-use/examples/browser/real_browser.py
DEBUG [browser] 🌎 Initializing new browser

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name: 💡 New Feature or Enhancement Request
description: Suggest an idea or improvement for the browser-use library or Agent capabilities
title: "Feature Request: ..."
type: 'Enhancement'
labels: ['enhancement']
body:
- type: textarea
id: current_problem
attributes:
label: "What is the problem that your feature request solves?"
description: |
Describe the problem or need that your feature request solves, include screenshots and example URLs if relevant.
placeholder: |
e.g. I need to be able to simulate dragging in a circle to test the paint feature on a drawing site: https://example.com/draw
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: proposed_solution
attributes:
label: "What is your proposed solution?"
description: |
Describe the ideal specific solution you'd want, *and whether it fits into any broader scope of changes*.
placeholder: |
e.g. I want to add a default action that can hover/drag the mouse on a path when given a series
of x,y coordinates. More broadly it may be useful add a computer-use/x,y-coordinate-style automation
method fallback that can do complex mouse movements.
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: workarounds_tried
attributes:
label: "What hacks or alternative solutions have you tried to solve the problem?"
description: |
A description of any troubleshooting, alternative approaches, workarounds, or other ideas you've considered to fix the problem.
placeholder: |
e.g. I tried upgrading to the latest version and telling it to hover in the prompt. I also tried
telling the agent to ask for human help (using a custom tools action) when it gets to this
step, then I manually click a browser extension in the navbar that automates the mouse movevement.
validations:
required: false
- type: input
id: version
attributes:
label: What version of browser-use are you currently using?
description: |
Run `pip show browser-use` or `git log -n 1` and share the exact number or git hash. DO NOT JUST ENTER `latest release` OR `main`.
We need to know what version of the browser-use library you're running in order to contextualize your feature request.
Sometimes features are already available and just need to be enabled with config on certain versions.
placeholder: "e.g. 0.1.48 or 62760baaefd"
validations:
required: true
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
---
> [!IMPORTANT]
> 🙏 Please **go check *right now before filling this out* that that you have tried the [⬆️ LATEST VERSION](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/releases)**.
> 🚀 We ship *hundreds* of improvements a day and we might've already added a solution to your need yesterday!
> <a href="https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/releases"><img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4cd34ee6-bafb-4f24-87e2-27a31dc5b9a4" width="500px"/></a>
> If you are running an old version, the **first thing we will ask you to do is *try the latest `beta`***:
> - 🆕 [`beta`](https://docs.browser-use.com/development/local-setup): `uv pip install --upgrade git+https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use.git@main`
> - 📦 [`stable`](https://pypi.org/project/browser-use/#history): `pip install --upgrade browser-use`
- type: checkboxes
id: priority
attributes:
label: "How badly do you want this new feature?"
options:
- label: "It's an urgent deal-breaker, I can't live without it"
required: false
- label: "It's important to add it in the near-mid term future"
required: false
- label: "It would be nice to add it sometime in the next 2 years"
required: false
- label: "💪 I'm willing to [start a PR](https://docs.browser-use.com/development/contribution-guide) to work on this myself"
required: false
- label: "💼 My company would spend >$5k on [Browser-Use Cloud](https://browser-use.com) if it solved this reliably for us"
required: false
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
---
> [!TIP]
> Start conversations about your feature request in other places too, the more
> 📣 hype we see around a request the more likely we are to add it!
>
> - 👾 Discord: [https://link.browser-use.com/discord](https://link.browser-use.com/discord)
> - 𝕏 Twitter: [https://x.com/browser_use](https://x.com/browser_use)

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name: 📚 Documentation Issue
description: Report an issue in the browser-use documentation
labels: ["documentation"]
title: "Documentation: ..."
body:
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
Thanks for taking the time to improve our documentation! Please fill out the form below to help us fix the issue quickly.
- type: dropdown
id: type
attributes:
label: Type of Documentation Issue
description: What type of documentation issue is this?
options:
- Missing documentation
- Incorrect documentation
- Unclear documentation
- Broken link
- Other (specify in description)
validations:
required: true
- type: input
id: page
attributes:
label: Documentation Page
description: Which page or section of the documentation is this about?
placeholder: "e.g. https://docs.browser-use.com/customize/browser-settings > Context Configuration > headless"
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: description
attributes:
label: Issue Description
description: "Describe what's wrong or missing in the documentation"
placeholder: e.g. Docs should clarify whether BrowserSession(no_viewport=False) is supported when running in BrowserSession(headless=False) mode...
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
id: suggestion
attributes:
label: Suggested Changes
description: If you have specific suggestions for how to improve the documentation, please share them
placeholder: |
e.g. The documentation could be improved by adding one more line here:
```diff
Use `BrowserSession(headless=False)` to open the browser window (aka headful mode).
+ Viewports are not supported when headful, if `headless=False` it will force `no_viewport=True`.
```
validations:
required: false

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blank_issues_enabled: false # Set to true if you want to allow blank issues
contact_links:
- name: 🔢 Quickstart Guide
url: https://docs.browser-use.com/quickstart
about: Most common issues can be resolved by following our quickstart guide
- name: 💬 Questions and Help
url: https://link.browser-use.com/discord
about: Please ask questions in our Discord community
- name: 📖 Documentation
url: https://docs.browser-use.com
about: Check our documentation for answers first

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## Reporting Security Issues
If you believe you have found a security vulnerability in browser-use, please report it through coordinated disclosure.
**Please do not report security vulnerabilities through the repository issues, discussions, or pull requests.**
Instead, please open a new [Github security advisory](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/security/advisories/new).
Please include as much of the information listed below as you can to help me better understand and resolve the issue:
* The type of issue (e.g., buffer overflow, SQL injection, or cross-site scripting)
* Full paths of source file(s) related to the manifestation of the issue
* The location of the affected source code (tag/branch/commit or direct URL)
* Any special configuration required to reproduce the issue
* Step-by-step instructions to reproduce the issue
* Proof-of-concept or exploit code (if possible)
* Impact of the issue, including how an attacker might exploit the issue
This information will help me triage your report more quickly.

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name: Build Base Image
on:
schedule:
- cron: '0 2 * * 1' # Weekly on Monday
workflow_dispatch:
push:
paths:
- 'Dockerfile.base'
jobs:
build-base:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
strategy:
matrix:
platform: [linux/amd64, linux/arm64]
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Set up QEMU
uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
- name: Set up Docker Buildx
uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
- name: Login to Docker Hub
uses: docker/login-action@v3
with:
username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
- name: Build and push base image
uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
with:
context: .
file: ./Dockerfile.base
platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
push: true
tags: |
browseruse/browseruse-base:chromium-138-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'amd64' || 'arm64' }}
browseruse/browseruse-base:latest-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'amd64' || 'arm64' }}
cache-from: type=registry,ref=browseruse/browseruse-base:buildcache-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'amd64' || 'arm64' }}
cache-to: type=registry,ref=browseruse/browseruse-base:buildcache-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'amd64' || 'arm64' }},mode=max

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name: Claude Code
on:
issue_comment:
types: [created]
pull_request_review_comment:
types: [created]
issues:
types: [opened, assigned]
pull_request_review:
types: [submitted]
jobs:
claude:
if: |
(github.event_name == 'issue_comment' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@claude')) ||
(github.event_name == 'pull_request_review_comment' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@claude')) ||
(github.event_name == 'pull_request_review' && contains(github.event.review.body, '@claude')) ||
(github.event_name == 'issues' && (contains(github.event.issue.body, '@claude') || contains(github.event.issue.title, '@claude')))
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
actions: read
contents: read
pull-requests: read
id-token: write
discussions: write
issues: write
env:
IS_SANDBOX: '1'
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
with:
enable-cache: true
activate-environment: true
- run: uv sync --dev --all-extras
- name: Detect installed Playwright version
run: echo "PLAYWRIGHT_VERSION=$(uv pip list --format json | jq -r '.[] | select(.name == "playwright") | .version')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
# - name: Cache chrome binaries
# uses: actions/cache@v4
# with:
# path: |
# /tmp/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
# key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-chrome-stable
# - name: Install Chrome stable binary
# run: |
# sudo apt-get update -qq \
# && sudo curl -o "/tmp/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb" --no-clobber "https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb" \
# && sudo apt-get install -y "/tmp/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb" -f
# - run: patchright install chrome --with-deps
# - run: playwright install chrome --with-deps
- name: Cache chromium binaries
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.cache/ms-playwright
key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-playwright-${{ env.PLAYWRIGHT_VERSION }}-chromium
- run: playwright install chromium --with-deps
# - run: patchright install chromium --with-deps
- name: Run Claude Code
id: claude
uses: anthropics/claude-code-action@beta
with:
anthropic_api_key: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
model: "claude-opus-4-20250514"
fallback_model: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022"
custom_instructions: |
when making any significant changes, start by adding one or two new failing test functions to the most relevant file you can find in tests/ci/*.py, then work on your changes until you get the tests passing.
make sure all lint errors are fixed before committing: `uv run pre-commit --all-files`, you can also use mcp tools to check Github CI status.
make sure to run the whole test file at the end to make sure no other tests in that file started failing due to your changes: `uv run pytest/ci/test_....py`.
if any significant features were added or removed, or any public-facing parameters/signatures changed, make sure to look through docs/*.mdx and examples/**.py and fix any relevant areas that might need to be updated.
branch_prefix: "claude-"
additional_permissions: |
actions: read
claude_env: |
IN_DOCKER: 'true'
BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_SYNC: 'false'
ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY: 'false'
BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL: 'DEBUG'
OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENAI_API_KEY }}
PERPLEXITY_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PERPLEXITY_API_KEY }}
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
GOOGLE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GOOGLE_API_KEY }}
GROQ_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GROQ_API_KEY }}
settings: |
{
"permissions": {
"allow": [
"Bash(git:*)",
"Bash(uv:*)",
"Bash(uv run pytest:*)",
"Bash(uv run ruff:*)",
"Bash(uv run pyright:*)",
"Bash(uv run pre-commit:*)",
"Bash(uv pip:*)",
"Bash(uv add:*)",
"Bash(uv sync --all-extras --dev)",
"Bash(.venv/bin/*:*)",
"Bash(.venv/bin/python:*)",
"Bash(sed:*)",
"Bash(rg:*)",
"Bash(jq:*)",
"Bash(find:*)",
"Bash(grep:*)",
"Bash(python:*)",
"Bash(chmod:*)",
"Bash(rm:*)",
"Bash(playwright:*)",
"Bash(uv run playwright:*)",
"Bash(./bin/lint.sh)",
"Bash(./bin/test.sh)",
"WebFetch(*)",
"WebSearch(*)"
],
"additionalDirectories": ["/home/runner/work"]
}
}
allowed_tools: |
Bash(git:*)
Bash(uv:*)
Bash(uv run pytest:*)
Bash(uv run ruff:*)
Bash(uv run pyright:*)
Bash(uv run pre-commit:*)
Bash(uv pip:*)
Bash(uv add:*)
Bash(uv sync --all-extras --dev)
Bash(.venv/bin/*:*)
Bash(.venv/bin/python:*)
Bash(sed:*)
Bash(rg:*)
Bash(jq:*)
Bash(find:*)
Bash(grep:*)
Bash(python:*)
Bash(chmod:*)
Bash(rm:*)
Bash(playwright:*)
Bash(uv run playwright:*)
Bash(./bin/lint.sh)
Bash(./bin/test.sh)
WebFetch(*)
WebSearch(*)

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name: cloud_evals
# Cancel in-progress runs when a new commit is pushed to the same branch/PR
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
on:
push:
branches:
- main
- 'releases/*'
workflow_dispatch:
inputs:
commit_hash:
description: Commit hash of the library to build the Cloud eval image for
required: false
permissions: {}
jobs:
trigger_cloud_eval_image_build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/github-script@v7
with:
github-token: ${{ secrets.TRIGGER_CLOUD_BUILD_GH_KEY }}
script: |
const result = await github.rest.repos.createDispatchEvent({
owner: 'browser-use',
repo: 'cloud',
event_type: 'trigger-workflow',
client_payload: {"commit_hash": "${{ github.event.inputs.commit_hash || github.sha }}"}
})
console.log(result)

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@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
name: docker
# Cancel in-progress runs when a new commit is pushed to the same branch/PR
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
on:
push:
branches:
- main
- stable
- 'releases/**'
tags:
- '*'
release:
types: [published]
workflow_dispatch:
jobs:
build_publish_image:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
packages: write
contents: read
attestations: write
id-token: write
steps:
- name: Check out the repo
uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Set up QEMU
uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
- name: Set up Docker Buildx
uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
- name: Log in to Docker Hub
uses: docker/login-action@v3
with:
username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
- name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
uses: docker/login-action@v3
with:
registry: ghcr.io
username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
- name: Compute Docker tags based on tag/branch
id: meta
uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
with:
images: |
browseruse/browseruse
ghcr.io/browser-use/browser-use
tags: |
type=ref,event=branch
type=ref,event=pr
type=pep440,pattern={{version}}
type=pep440,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
type=sha
- name: Build and push Docker image
id: push
uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
with:
platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
context: .
file: ./Dockerfile
push: true
tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
cache-from: type=registry,ref=browseruse/browseruse:buildcache
cache-to: type=registry,ref=browseruse/browseruse:buildcache,mode=max

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name: Evaluate PR
permissions:
contents: read
pull-requests: write
on:
pull_request:
types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
jobs:
trigger-evaluation:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Only run if PR author has write access
if: |
github.event.pull_request.author_association == 'OWNER' ||
github.event.pull_request.author_association == 'MEMBER' ||
github.event.pull_request.author_association == 'COLLABORATOR'
steps:
- name: Trigger Evaluation settings
id: trigger
continue-on-error: true
run: |
echo "🚀 Triggering evaluation - PR #${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}"
echo "Commit: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"
# You can customize the test here
TEST_CASE="${{ vars.EVAL_TEST_CASE }}"
if [ -z "$TEST_CASE" ]; then
TEST_CASE="InteractionTasks_v8"
fi
response=$(curl -X POST \
"${{ secrets.EVAL_PLATFORM_URL }}/api/triggerInteractionTasksV6" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.EVAL_PLATFORM_KEY }}" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d "{
\"commitSha\": \"${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}\",
\"prNumber\": ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }},
\"branchName\": \"${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}\",
\"testCase\": \"${TEST_CASE}\",
\"githubRepo\": \"${{ github.repository }}\"
}" -s)
echo "Response: $response"
# Check if trigger was was successful
if echo "$response" | jq -e '.success == true' > /dev/null; then
echo "✅ Evaluation triggered successfully"
exit 0
else
echo "Failed"
echo "$response"
exit 1
fi

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name: Test Install Script
on:
push:
branches:
- main
paths:
- 'browser_use/skill_cli/install.sh'
- '.github/workflows/install-script.yml'
pull_request:
paths:
- 'browser_use/skill_cli/install.sh'
- '.github/workflows/install-script.yml'
workflow_dispatch:
permissions:
contents: read
# Cancel in-progress runs when a new commit is pushed
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
env:
# Use current branch for testing install.sh
# For PRs, use the fork's repo (head.repo), otherwise use the base repo
BROWSER_USE_BRANCH: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
BROWSER_USE_REPO: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name || github.repository }}
jobs:
# ===========================================================================
# Test install.sh on all platforms
# ===========================================================================
test-install-sh-linux:
name: install.sh (Linux ${{ matrix.os }})
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-22.04]
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Setup Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- name: Run install.sh
run: bash browser_use/skill_cli/install.sh
- name: Add to PATH
run: |
echo "$HOME/.browser-use-env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
- name: Verify browser-use CLI
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/bin/activate
browser-use --help
- name: Verify Chromium installed
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/bin/activate
# Verify chromium binary exists in playwright cache
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chrome 2>/dev/null || \
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chromium 2>/dev/null || \
echo "Chromium binary check completed"
- name: Run browser-use doctor
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/bin/activate
browser-use doctor
test-install-sh-macos:
name: install.sh (macOS ${{ matrix.os }})
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: [macos-latest, macos-14]
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Run install.sh
run: bash browser_use/skill_cli/install.sh
- name: Add to PATH
run: |
echo "$HOME/.browser-use-env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
- name: Verify browser-use CLI
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/bin/activate
browser-use --help
- name: Verify Chromium installed
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/bin/activate
# Check playwright cache for chromium
ls ~/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-mac/ 2>/dev/null || \
ls ~/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/chromium-*/Chromium.app 2>/dev/null || \
echo "Chromium binary check completed"
- name: Run browser-use doctor
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/bin/activate
browser-use doctor
test-install-sh-windows:
name: install.sh (Windows)
runs-on: windows-latest
defaults:
run:
shell: bash
env:
# Fix Unicode output on Windows (checkmarks, etc.)
PYTHONIOENCODING: utf-8
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Setup Python (Windows requires manual setup)
uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- name: Run install.sh
run: bash browser_use/skill_cli/install.sh
- name: Add to PATH
run: |
echo "$HOME/.browser-use-env/Scripts" >> $GITHUB_PATH
echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
- name: Verify browser-use CLI
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/Scripts/activate
browser-use --help
- name: Run browser-use doctor
run: |
source ~/.browser-use-env/Scripts/activate
browser-use doctor
# ===========================================================================
# Test alternative install methods: uv pip install + browser-use install
# ===========================================================================
test-uv-pip-install:
name: uv pip install (Linux)
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install uv
run: curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
- name: Add uv to PATH
run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
- name: Create venv and install browser-use
run: |
uv venv .venv --python 3.11
source .venv/bin/activate
# Install from current branch
uv pip install .
- name: Run browser-use install (installs Chromium)
run: |
source .venv/bin/activate
browser-use install
- name: Verify browser-use CLI
run: |
source .venv/bin/activate
browser-use --help
- name: Verify Chromium installed
run: |
source .venv/bin/activate
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chrome 2>/dev/null || \
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chromium 2>/dev/null || \
echo "Chromium check completed"
- name: Run browser-use doctor
run: |
source .venv/bin/activate
browser-use doctor
# ===========================================================================
# Test uvx "browser-use[cli]" - ephemeral install
# ===========================================================================
test-uvx-run:
name: uvx browser-use[cli] (Linux)
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install uv
run: curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
- name: Add uv to PATH
run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
- name: Build wheel from current branch
run: |
uv venv .venv --python 3.11
source .venv/bin/activate
uv pip install build
python -m build --wheel
- name: Test uvx with local wheel
run: |
WHEEL=$(ls dist/*.whl)
uvx --from "$WHEEL" browser-use --help
- name: Test uvx browser-use install
run: |
WHEEL=$(ls dist/*.whl)
uvx --from "$WHEEL" browser-use install
- name: Verify Chromium installed after uvx install
run: |
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chrome 2>/dev/null || \
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chromium 2>/dev/null || \
echo "Chromium check completed"
- name: Test uvx browser-use doctor
run: |
WHEEL=$(ls dist/*.whl)
uvx --from "$WHEEL" browser-use doctor
# ===========================================================================
# Test uvx from PyPI (only on main branch after release)
# ===========================================================================
test-uvx-pypi:
name: uvx browser-use[cli] from PyPI
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Only run on main branch or manual trigger
if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
steps:
- name: Install uv
run: curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
- name: Add uv to PATH
run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
- name: Test uvx browser-use --help
run: uvx "browser-use[cli]" --help
- name: Test uvx browser-use install
run: uvx "browser-use[cli]" install
- name: Verify Chromium installed
run: |
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chrome 2>/dev/null || \
ls ~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-*/chrome-linux/chromium 2>/dev/null || \
echo "Chromium check completed"
- name: Test uvx browser-use doctor
run: uvx "browser-use[cli]" doctor

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name: lint
# Cancel in-progress runs when a new commit is pushed to the same branch/PR
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
on:
push:
branches:
- main
- stable
- 'releases/**'
tags:
- '*'
pull_request:
workflow_dispatch:
permissions:
contents: read
jobs:
lint-syntax:
name: syntax-errors
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
with:
enable-cache: true
- run: uv run ruff check --no-fix --select PLE
lint-style:
name: code-style
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
with:
enable-cache: true
- run: uv python install 3.11
- run: uv sync --dev --all-extras --python 3.11
- run: uv run --no-sync pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure
lint-typecheck:
name: type-checker
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
with:
enable-cache: true
- run: uv sync --dev --all-extras # install extras for examples to avoid pyright missing imports errors-
- run: uv run --no-sync pyright

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@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
name: package
# Cancel in-progress runs when a new commit is pushed to the same branch/PR
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
on:
push:
branches:
- main
- stable
- 'releases/**'
tags:
- '*'
workflow_dispatch:
permissions:
contents: read
jobs:
build:
name: pip-build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
- run: uv build --python 3.12
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: dist-artifact
path: |
dist/*.whl
dist/*.tar.gz
build_test:
name: pip-install-on-${{ matrix.os }}-py-${{ matrix.python-version }}
needs: build
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
strategy:
matrix:
os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
python-version: ["3.11", "3.13"]
env:
ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY: 'false'
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
- uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
name: dist-artifact
- name: Set up venv and test for OS/Python versions
shell: bash
run: |
uv venv /tmp/testenv --python ${{ matrix.python-version }} --clear
if [[ "$RUNNER_OS" == "Windows" ]]; then
. /tmp/testenv/Scripts/activate
else
source /tmp/testenv/bin/activate
fi
uv pip install *.whl
python -c 'from browser_use import Agent, BrowserProfile, BrowserSession, Tools, ActionModel, ActionResult'

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# This workflow will upload a Python Package using Twine when a release is created
# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python#publishing-to-package-registries
# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub.
# They are provided by a third-party and are governed by
# separate terms of service, privacy policy, and support
# documentation.
name: publish
# Cancel in-progress runs when a new commit is pushed to the same branch/PR
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
on:
release:
types: [published] # publish full release to PyPI when a release is created on Github
# schedule:
# - cron: "0 17 * * FRI" # tag a pre-release on Github every Friday at 5 PM UTC
workflow_dispatch:
permissions:
contents: write
id-token: write
jobs:
tag_pre_release:
if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Create pre-release tag
run: |
git fetch --tags
latest_tag=$(git tag --list --sort=-v:refname | grep -E '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(rc[0-9]+)?$' | head -n 1)
if [ -z "$latest_tag" ]; then
echo "Failed to find the latest git tag from list:" > /dev/stderr
git tag --list --sort=-v:refname
exit 1
else
# Bump the tag rc version
if [[ "$latest_tag" =~ ^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)(rc([0-9]+))?$ ]]; then
major="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
minor="${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
patch="${BASH_REMATCH[3]}"
rc="${BASH_REMATCH[5]}"
echo "latest_tag: ${major}.${minor}.${patch}rc${rc:-0}"
if [ -z "$rc" ]; then
# No rc, so bump patch and set rc=1 # 0.2.1 -> 0.2.2rc1
patch=$((patch + 1))
new_tag="${major}.${minor}.${patch}rc1"
else
if [ "$rc" -ge 99 ]; then
echo "Error: rc version is already at 99 for tag $latest_tag, refusing to increment further." > /dev/stderr
exit 1
fi
rc=$((rc + 1))
new_tag="${major}.${minor}.${patch}rc${rc}" # 0.2.1rc1 -> 0.2.1rc2
fi
else
echo "Error: latest_tag '$latest_tag' does not match expected version pattern." > /dev/stderr
exit 1
fi
fi
echo "new_tag: $new_tag"
git tag $new_tag
git push origin $new_tag
publish_to_pypi:
if: github.event_name == 'release' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
IN_DOCKER: 'True'
ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY: 'false'
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
with:
enable-cache: true
activate-environment: true
- run: uv sync
- run: uv run --no-sync ruff check --no-fix --select PLE # quick check for syntax errors to avoid waiting time doing the rest of the build
- run: uv build
# - name: Detect installed Playwright version
# run: echo "PLAYWRIGHT_VERSION=$(uv pip list --format json | jq -r '.[] | select(.name == "playwright") | .version')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
# - name: Cache playwright binaries
# uses: actions/cache@v3
# with:
# path: |
# ~/.cache/ms-playwright
# key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ env.PLAYWRIGHT_VERSION }}
- run: uvx playwright install chrome
- run: uvx playwright install chromium
# TODO: just depend on the other test.yml action for this instead of re-running the tests here
# - run: uv run pytest tests/ci/test_tools.py # final sanity check: run a few of the tests before release
# publish to PyPI
- run: uv publish --trusted-publishing always
- name: Push to stable branch (if stable release)
if: github.event_name == 'release' && !contains(github.ref_name, 'rc')
run: |
git checkout -b stable
git push origin -f stable

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@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
name: 'Manage stale issues and PRs'
on:
schedule:
- cron: '0 2 * * *' # Run daily at 2:00 AM UTC
workflow_dispatch: # Allow manual triggering
permissions:
issues: write
pull-requests: write
jobs:
stale:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/stale@v9
with:
# General settings
repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
# Days before marking as stale (more lenient for AI/browser automation project)
days-before-stale: 60
days-before-close: 14
# Different timing for PRs vs issues
days-before-pr-stale: 45
days-before-pr-close: 14
# Stale labels
stale-issue-label: 'stale'
stale-pr-label: 'stale'
# Remove stale label when there's activity
remove-stale-when-updated: true
remove-issue-stale-when-updated: true
remove-pr-stale-when-updated: true
# Messages
stale-issue-message: |
👋 This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it hasn't had activity for 60 days.
**⚡ We've made significant progress recently!** Please test with the latest version of browser-use to see if this issue has been resolved. If the issue persists, please let us know by commenting below.
**To keep this issue open:**
- Add a comment explaining why this is still relevant after testing the latest version
- Add the `pinned` label if this is an important long-term issue
- Reference it in a PR if you're working on a fix
**This will be automatically closed in 14 days** if no further activity occurs.
Thanks for contributing to browser-use! 🤖 If you have questions, join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/uC9hDSbt).
stale-pr-message: |
👋 This PR has been automatically marked as stale because it hasn't had activity for 45 days.
**To keep this PR open:**
- Rebase against the latest main branch
- Address any review feedback or merge conflicts
- Add a comment explaining the current status
- Add the `work-in-progress` label if you're still actively working on this
**This will be automatically closed in 14 days** if no further activity occurs.
Thanks for contributing to browser-use! 🤖
close-issue-message: |
🔒 This issue was automatically closed because it was stale for 14 days with no activity.
**Don't worry!** If this issue is still relevant:
- **First, test with the latest version** - we've made tons of improvements recently!
- **Reopen it** if you have permissions and the issue persists
- **Create a fresh issue** with updated information if the problem still exists after testing the latest version
- **Join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/uC9hDSbt)** to discuss
We appreciate your contribution to browser-use! 🤖
close-pr-message: |
🔒 This PR was automatically closed because it was stale for 14 days with no activity.
**Don't worry!** If you'd like to continue this work:
- **Reopen this PR** and rebase against main
- **Create a fresh PR** with updated changes
- **Join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/uC9hDSbt)** if you need help
Thanks for contributing to browser-use! 🤖
# Comprehensive exemptions for AI/browser automation project
exempt-issue-labels: 'pinned,security,bug,enhancement,good-first-issue,help-wanted,documentation,ci,breaking-change,feature-request,roadmap'
exempt-pr-labels: 'pinned,work-in-progress,wip,breaking-change,security,dependencies,ci'
exempt-milestones: true
exempt-all-assignees: true
exempt-all-pr-assignees: true
# Don't mark issues/PRs stale if they have recent PR references
exempt-pr-author: true
# Advanced settings
operations-per-run: 200 # More conservative to avoid rate limits
ascending: true # Process oldest issues first
# Enable debug output
debug-only: false
# Only process issues/PRs, not drafts
include-only-assigned: false
# Additional safety: don't close issues with many reactions (community interest)
ignore-issue-updates: false
ignore-pr-updates: false

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name: test
permissions:
actions: read
contents: write
pull-requests: write # Allow writing comments on PRs
issues: write # Allow writing comments on issues
statuses: write # Allow writing statuses on PRs
discussions: write
# Cancel in-progress runs when a new commit is pushed to the same branch/PR
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
on:
push:
branches:
- main
- stable
- 'releases/**'
tags:
- '*'
pull_request:
workflow_dispatch:
jobs:
setup-chromium:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 5
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
- name: Get week number for cache key
id: week
run: echo "number=$(date +%Y-W%U)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
- name: Cache chromium binaries
id: cache-chromium
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.cache/ms-playwright
key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-chromium-${{ steps.week.outputs.number }}
restore-keys: |
${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-chromium-
- name: Install Chromium if not cached
if: steps.cache-chromium.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: uvx playwright install chromium --with-deps --no-shell
find_tests:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 5 # Prevent hanging
outputs:
TEST_FILENAMES: ${{ steps.lsgrep.outputs.TEST_FILENAMES }}
# ["test_browser", "test_tools", "test_browser_session", "test_tab_management", ...]
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
# Force fresh checkout to avoid any caching issues
fetch-depth: 1
- id: lsgrep
run: |
echo "🔍 Discovering test files at $(date)"
echo "Git commit: $(git rev-parse HEAD)"
echo "Git branch: $(git branch --show-current)"
echo ""
TEST_FILENAMES="$(find tests/ci -name 'test_*.py' -type f | sed 's|^tests/ci/||' | sed 's|\.py$||' | jq -R -s -c 'split("\n")[:-1]')"
echo "TEST_FILENAMES=${TEST_FILENAMES}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
echo "📋 Test matrix: $TEST_FILENAMES"
# https://code.dblock.org/2021/09/03/generating-task-matrix-by-looping-over-repo-files-with-github-actions.html
- name: Check that at least one test file is found
run: |
if [ -z "${{ steps.lsgrep.outputs.TEST_FILENAMES }}" ]; then
echo "Failed to find any test_*.py files in tests/ci/ folder!" > /dev/stderr
exit 1
fi
tests:
needs: [setup-chromium, find_tests]
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 4 # Reduced timeout - tests should complete quickly or retry
env:
IN_DOCKER: 'True'
ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY: 'false'
BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL: 'DEBUG'
OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENAI_API_KEY }}
PERPLEXITY_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PERPLEXITY_API_KEY }}
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
GOOGLE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GOOGLE_API_KEY }}
GROQ_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GROQ_API_KEY }}
AZURE_OPENAI_KEY: ${{ secrets.AZURE_OPENAI_KEY }}
AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT }}
BROWSER_USE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.BROWSER_USE_API_KEY }}
OPENROUTER_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENROUTER_API_KEY }}
strategy:
matrix:
test_filename: ${{ fromJson(needs.find_tests.outputs.TEST_FILENAMES || '["FAILED_TO_DISCOVER_TESTS"]') }}
# autodiscovers all the files in tests/ci/test_*.py
# - test_browser
# - test_tools
# - test_browser_session
# - test_tab_management
# ... and more
name: ${{ matrix.test_filename }}
steps:
- name: Check that the previous step managed to find some test files for us to run
run: |
if [[ "${{ matrix.test_filename }}" == "FAILED_TO_DISCOVER_TESTS" ]]; then
echo "Failed get list of test files in tests/ci/test_*.py from find_tests job" > /dev/stderr
exit 1
fi
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
with:
enable-cache: true
activate-environment: true
- name: Cache uv packages and venv
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.cache/uv
.venv
key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-venv-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}
restore-keys: |
${{ runner.os }}-uv-venv-
- run: uv sync --dev --all-extras
- name: Get week number for cache key
id: week
run: echo "number=$(date +%Y-W%U)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
- name: Cache chromium binaries
id: cache-chromium
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.cache/ms-playwright
key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-chromium-${{ steps.week.outputs.number }}
restore-keys: |
${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-chromium-
- name: Install Chromium browser if not cached
if: steps.cache-chromium.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: uvx playwright install chromium --with-deps --no-shell
- name: Cache browser-use extensions
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.config/browseruse/extensions
key: ${{ runner.os }}-browseruse-extensions-${{ hashFiles('browser_use/browser/profile.py') }}
restore-keys: |
${{ runner.os }}-browseruse-extensions-
- name: Check if test file exists
id: check-file
run: |
TEST_FILE="tests/ci/${{ matrix.test_filename }}.py"
if [ -f "$TEST_FILE" ]; then
echo "exists=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
echo "✅ Test file found: $TEST_FILE"
else
echo "exists=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
echo "❌ Test file not found: $TEST_FILE"
echo "This file may have been renamed or removed. Current test files:"
find tests/ci -name 'test_*.py' -type f | sed 's|tests/ci/||' | sed 's|\.py$||' | sort
fi
- name: Run test with retry
if: steps.check-file.outputs.exists == 'true'
uses: nick-fields/retry@v3
with:
timeout_minutes: 4
max_attempts: 1
retry_on: error
command: pytest "tests/ci/${{ matrix.test_filename }}.py"
evaluate-tasks:
needs: setup-chromium
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 8 # Allow more time for agent eval
env:
IN_DOCKER: 'true'
BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_SYNC: 'false'
ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY: 'false'
BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL: 'DEBUG'
OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENAI_API_KEY }}
PERPLEXITY_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PERPLEXITY_API_KEY }}
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
GOOGLE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GOOGLE_API_KEY }}
GROQ_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GROQ_API_KEY }}
BROWSER_USE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.BROWSER_USE_API_KEY }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
with:
enable-cache: true
activate-environment: true
- name: Cache uv packages and venv
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.cache/uv
.venv
key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-venv-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}
restore-keys: |
${{ runner.os }}-uv-venv-
- run: uv sync --dev --all-extras
- name: Get week number for cache key
id: week
run: echo "number=$(date +%Y-W%U)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
- name: Cache chromium binaries
id: cache-chromium
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.cache/ms-playwright
key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-chromium-${{ steps.week.outputs.number }}
restore-keys: |
${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-chromium-
- name: Install Chromium browser if not cached
if: steps.cache-chromium.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: uvx playwright install chromium --with-deps --no-shell
- name: Cache browser-use extensions
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.config/browseruse/extensions
key: ${{ runner.os }}-browseruse-extensions-${{ hashFiles('browser_use/browser/profile.py') }}
restore-keys: |
${{ runner.os }}-browseruse-extensions-
- name: Run agent tasks evaluation and capture score
id: eval
uses: nick-fields/retry@v3
with:
timeout_minutes: 4
max_attempts: 1
retry_on: error
command: |
python tests/ci/evaluate_tasks.py > result.txt
cat result.txt
echo "PASSED=$(grep '^PASSED=' result.txt | cut -d= -f2)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
echo "TOTAL=$(grep '^TOTAL=' result.txt | cut -d= -f2)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
echo "DETAILED_RESULTS=$(grep '^DETAILED_RESULTS=' result.txt | cut -d= -f2-)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
- name: Print agent evaluation summary
run: |
echo "Agent tasks passed: $PASSED / $TOTAL"
- name: Write agent evaluation summary to workflow overview
run: |
if [ "$PASSED" = "$TOTAL" ]; then
COLOR="green"
else
COLOR="yellow"
fi
echo "<h2>Agent Tasks Score: <span style='color:$COLOR;'>$PASSED/$TOTAL</span></h2>" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
- name: Comment PR with agent evaluation results
if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
uses: actions/github-script@v7
continue-on-error: true
with:
script: |
const passed = parseInt(process.env.PASSED);
const total = parseInt(process.env.TOTAL);
const detailedResults = JSON.parse(process.env.DETAILED_RESULTS);
const score = `${passed}/${total}`;
const percentage = Math.round((passed / total) * 100);
// Fail the workflow if 0% pass rate
if (percentage === 0) {
core.setFailed(`Evaluation failed: 0% pass rate (${passed}/${total})`);
}
// Create detailed table
let tableRows = '';
detailedResults.forEach(result => {
const emoji = result.success ? '✅' : '❌';
const status = result.success ? 'Pass' : 'Fail';
tableRows += `| ${result.task} | ${emoji} ${status} | ${result.reason} |\n`;
});
const comment = `## Agent Task Evaluation Results: ${score} (${percentage}%)
<details>
<summary>View detailed results</summary>
| Task | Result | Reason |
|------|--------|--------|
${tableRows}
Check the [evaluate-tasks job](${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}) for detailed task execution logs.
</details>`;
// Find existing comment to update or create new one
const { data: comments } = await github.rest.issues.listComments({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: context.issue.number,
});
const botComment = comments.find(comment =>
comment.user.type === 'Bot' &&
comment.body.includes('Agent Task Evaluation Results')
);
if (botComment) {
// Update existing comment
await github.rest.issues.updateComment({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
comment_id: botComment.id,
body: comment
});
} else {
// Create new comment
await github.rest.issues.createComment({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: context.issue.number,
body: comment
});
}

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# Cache files
.DS_Store
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*$py.class
.mypy_cache/
.ruff_cache/
.pytest_cache/
.ipynb_checkpoints
~/
# Virtual Environments
.venv*
venv/
# IDEs
.vscode/
.idea/
# Build files
dist/
# Data files
*.gif
*.txt
*.pdf
*.csv
*.json
*.jsonl
*.log
*.bak
# Secrets and sensitive files
secrets.env
.env
browser_cookies.json
cookies.json
gcp-login.json
saved_trajectories/
old_tests/
AgentHistory.json
AgentHistoryList.json
private_example.py
private_example
CLAUDE.local.md
uv.lock
temp
tmp
# Google API credentials
credentials.json
token.json
!docs/docs.json
temp-profile-*
screenshot.png
# *.md
all_github_issues_progress.md
all_github_issues.md
todo-input-token.md
TOOL_CHANGES_SUMMARY.md
claude-code-todo
result_judge.md
result.md
result2.md
result3.md
Brainstorm.md
example.ipynb
*SUMMARY.md
todo.md
product_extraction.ipynb
product_extraction.py
*report.md
plot.py
.claude/

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default_language_version:
python: python3.11
repos:
- repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
rev: v1.5.0
hooks:
- id: yesqa
- repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
rev: v2.4.1
hooks:
- id: codespell # See pyproject.toml for args
additional_dependencies:
- tomli
- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
rev: v3.20.0
hooks:
- id: pyupgrade
args: [--py311-plus]
# - repo: https://github.com/asottile/add-trailing-comma
# rev: v3.1.0
# hooks:
# - id: add-trailing-comma
- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
rev: v0.12.10
hooks:
- id: ruff-check
args: [ --fix ]
- id: ruff-format
# see pyproject.toml for more details on ruff config
- repo: https://github.com/RobertCraigie/pyright-python
rev: v1.1.404
hooks:
- id: pyright
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
rev: v6.0.0
hooks:
# check for basic syntax errors in python and data files
- id: check-ast
- id: check-toml
- id: check-yaml
- id: check-json
- id: check-merge-conflict
# check for bad files and folders
- id: check-symlinks
- id: destroyed-symlinks
- id: check-case-conflict
- id: check-illegal-windows-names
- id: check-shebang-scripts-are-executable
- id: mixed-line-ending
- id: fix-byte-order-marker
- id: end-of-file-fixer
# best practices enforcement
- id: detect-private-key
# - id: check-docstring-first
- id: debug-statements
- id: forbid-submodules
- id: check-added-large-files
args: ["--maxkb=600"]
# - id: name-tests-test
# args: ["--pytest-test-first"]

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3.12

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# CLAUDE.md
This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
Browser-Use is an async python >= 3.11 library that implements AI browser driver abilities using LLMs + CDP (Chrome DevTools Protocol). The core architecture enables AI agents to autonomously navigate web pages, interact with elements, and complete complex tasks by processing HTML and making LLM-driven decisions.
## High-Level Architecture
The library follows an event-driven architecture with several key components:
### Core Components
- **Agent (`browser_use/agent/service.py`)**: The main orchestrator that takes tasks, manages browser sessions, and executes LLM-driven action loops
- **BrowserSession (`browser_use/browser/session.py`)**: Manages browser lifecycle, CDP connections, and coordinates multiple watchdog services through an event bus
- **Tools (`browser_use/tools/service.py`)**: Action registry that maps LLM decisions to browser operations (click, type, scroll, etc.)
- **DomService (`browser_use/dom/service.py`)**: Extracts and processes DOM content, handles element highlighting and accessibility tree generation
- **LLM Integration (`browser_use/llm/`)**: Abstraction layer supporting OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Groq, and other providers
### Event-Driven Browser Management
BrowserSession uses a `bubus` event bus to coordinate watchdog services:
- **DownloadsWatchdog**: Handles PDF auto-download and file management
- **PopupsWatchdog**: Manages JavaScript dialogs and popups
- **SecurityWatchdog**: Enforces domain restrictions and security policies
- **DOMWatchdog**: Processes DOM snapshots, screenshots, and element highlighting
- **AboutBlankWatchdog**: Handles empty page redirects
### CDP Integration
Uses `cdp-use` (https://github.com/browser-use/cdp-use) for typed CDP protocol access. All CDP client management lives in `browser_use/browser/session.py`.
We want our library APIs to be ergonomic, intuitive, and hard to get wrong.
## Development Commands
**Setup:**
```bash
uv venv --python 3.11
source .venv/bin/activate
uv sync
```
**Testing:**
- Run CI tests: `uv run pytest -vxs tests/ci`
- Run all tests: `uv run pytest -vxs tests/`
- Run single test: `uv run pytest -vxs tests/ci/test_specific_test.py`
**Quality Checks:**
- Type checking: `uv run pyright`
- Linting/formatting: `uv run ruff check --fix` and `uv run ruff format`
- Pre-commit hooks: `uv run pre-commit run --all-files`
**MCP Server Mode:**
The library can run as an MCP server for integration with Claude Desktop:
```bash
uvx browser-use[cli] --mcp
```
## Code Style
- Use async python
- Use tabs for indentation in all python code, not spaces
- Use the modern python >3.12 typing style, e.g. use `str | None` instead of `Optional[str]`, and `list[str]` instead of `List[str]`, `dict[str, Any]` instead of `Dict[str, Any]`
- Try to keep all console logging logic in separate methods all prefixed with `_log_...`, e.g. `def _log_pretty_path(path: Path) -> str` so as not to clutter up the main logic.
- Use pydantic v2 models to represent internal data, and any user-facing API parameter that might otherwise be a dict
- In pydantic models Use `model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', validate_by_name=True, validate_by_alias=True, ...)` etc. parameters to tune the pydantic model behavior depending on the use-case. Use `Annotated[..., AfterValidator(...)]` to encode as much validation logic as possible instead of helper methods on the model.
- We keep the main code for each sub-component in a `service.py` file usually, and we keep most pydantic models in `views.py` files unless they are long enough deserve their own file
- Use runtime assertions at the start and end of functions to enforce constraints and assumptions
- Prefer `from uuid_extensions import uuid7str` + `id: str = Field(default_factory=uuid7str)` for all new id fields
- Run tests using `uv run pytest -vxs tests/ci`
- Run the type checker using `uv run pyright`
## CDP-Use
We use a thin wrapper around CDP called cdp-use: https://github.com/browser-use/cdp-use. cdp-use only provides shallow typed interfaces for the websocket calls, all CDP client and session management + other CDP helpers still live in browser_use/browser/session.py.
- CDP-Use: All CDP APIs are exposed in an automatically typed interfaces via cdp-use `cdp_client.send.DomainHere.methodNameHere(params=...)` like so:
- `cdp_client.send.DOMSnapshot.enable(session_id=session_id)`
- `cdp_client.send.Target.attachToTarget(params={'targetId': target_id, 'flatten': True})` or better:
`cdp_client.send.Target.attachToTarget(params=ActivateTargetParameters(targetId=target_id, flatten=True))` (import `from cdp_use.cdp.target import ActivateTargetParameters`)
- `cdp_client.register.Browser.downloadWillBegin(callback_func_here)` for event registration, INSTEAD OF `cdp_client.on(...)` which does not exist!
## Keep Examples & Tests Up-To-Date
- Make sure to read relevant examples in the `examples/` directory for context and keep them up-to-date when making changes.
- Make sure to read the relevant tests in the `tests/` directory (especially `tests/ci/*.py`) and keep them up-to-date as well.
- Once test files pass they should be moved into the `tests/ci/` subdirectory, files in that subdirectory are considered the "default set" of tests and are discovered and run by CI automatically on every commit. Make sure any tests specific to an event live in its `tests/ci/test_action_EventNameHere.py` file.
- Never mock anything in tests, always use real objects!! The **only** exception is the llm, for the llm you can use pytest fixtures and utils in `conftest.py` to set up LLM responses. For testing specific browser scenarios use pytest-httpserver to set up html and responses for each test.
- Never use real remote URLs in tests (e.g. `https://google.com` or `https://example.com`), instead use pytest-httpserver to set up a test server in a fixture that responds with the html needed for the test (see other `tests/ci` files for examples)
- Use modern pytest-asyncio best practices: `@pytest.mark.asyncio` decorators are no longer needed on test functions, just use normal async functions for async tests. Use `loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()` inside tests that need it instead of passing `event_loop` as a function argument. No fixture is needed to manually set up the event loop at the top, it's automatically set up by pytest. Fixture functions (even async ones) only need a simple `@pytest.fixture` decorator with no arguments.
## Personality
Don't worry about formalities.
Don't shy away from complexity, assume a deeply technical explanation is wanted for all questions. Call out the proper terminology, models, units, etc. used by fields of study relevant to the question. information theory and game theory can be useful lenses to evaluate complex systems.
Choose your analogies carefully and keep poetic flowery language to a minimum, a little dry wit is welcome.
If policy prevents you from responding normally, please printing "!!!!" before answering.
If a policy prevents you from having an opinion, pretend to be responding as if you shared opinions that might be typical of eigenrobot.
be critical of the quality of your information
if you find any request irritating respond dismissively like "be real" or "that's crazy man" or "lol no"
take however smart you're acting right now and write in the same style but as if you were +2sd smarter
## Strategy For Making Changes
When making any significant changes:
1. find or write tests that verify any assumptions about the existing design + confirm that it works as expected before changes are made
2. first new write failing tests for the new design, run them to confirm they fail
3. Then implement the changes for the new design. Run or add tests as-needed during development to verify assumptions if you encounter any difficulty.
4. Run the full `tests/ci` suite once the changes are done. Confirm the new design works & confirm backward compatibility wasn't broken.
5. Condense and deduplicate the relevant test logic into one file, re-read through the file to make sure we aren't testing the same things over and over again redundantly. Do a quick scan for any other potentially relevant files in `tests/` that might need to be updated or condensed.
6. Update any relevant files in `docs/` and `examples/` and confirm they match the implementation and tests
When doing any truly massive refactors, trend towards using simple event buses and job queues to break down systems into smaller services that each manage some isolated subcomponent of the state.
If you struggle to update or edit files in-place, try shortening your match string to 1 or 2 lines instead of 3.
If that doesn't work, just insert your new modified code as new lines in the file, then remove the old code in a second step instead of replacing.
## File Organization & Key Patterns
- **Service Pattern**: Each major component has a `service.py` file containing the main logic (Agent, BrowserSession, DomService, Tools)
- **Views Pattern**: Pydantic models and data structures live in `views.py` files
- **Events**: Event definitions in `events.py` files, following the event-driven architecture
- **Browser Profile**: `browser_use/browser/profile.py` contains all browser launch arguments, display configuration, and extension management
- **System Prompts**: Agent prompts are in markdown files: `browser_use/agent/system_prompt*.md`
## Browser Configuration
BrowserProfile automatically detects display size and configures browser windows via `detect_display_configuration()`. Key configurations:
- Display size detection for macOS (`AppKit.NSScreen`) and Linux/Windows (`screeninfo`)
- Extension management (uBlock Origin, cookie handlers) with configurable whitelisting
- Chrome launch argument generation and deduplication
- Proxy support, security settings, and headless/headful modes
## MCP (Model Context Protocol) Integration
The library supports both modes:
1. **As MCP Server**: Exposes browser automation tools to MCP clients like Claude Desktop
2. **With MCP Clients**: Agents can connect to external MCP servers (filesystem, GitHub, etc.) to extend capabilities
Connection management lives in `browser_use/mcp/client.py`.
## Important Development Constraints
- **Always use `uv` instead of `pip`** for dependency management
- **Never create random example files** when implementing features - test inline in terminal if needed
- **Use real model names** - don't replace `gpt-4o` with `gpt-4` (they are distinct models)
- **Use descriptive names and docstrings** for actions
- **Return `ActionResult` with structured content** to help agents reason better
- **Run pre-commit hooks** before making PRs
## important-instruction-reminders
Do what has been asked; nothing more, nothing less.
NEVER create files unless they're absolutely necessary for achieving your goal.
ALWAYS prefer editing an existing file to creating a new one.
NEVER proactively create documentation files (*.md) or README files. Only create documentation files if explicitly requested by the User.

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# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
# check=skip=SecretsUsedInArgOrEnv
# This is the Dockerfile for browser-use, it bundles the following dependencies:
# python3, pip, playwright, chromium, browser-use and its dependencies.
# Usage:
# git clone https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use.git && cd browser-use
# docker build . -t browseruse --no-cache
# docker run -v "$PWD/data":/data browseruse
# docker run -v "$PWD/data":/data browseruse --version
# Multi-arch build:
# docker buildx create --use
# docker buildx build . --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64--push -t browseruse/browseruse:some-tag
#
# Read more: https://docs.browser-use.com
#########################################################################################
FROM python:3.12-slim
LABEL name="browseruse" \
maintainer="Nick Sweeting <dockerfile@browser-use.com>" \
description="Make websites accessible for AI agents. Automate tasks online with ease." \
homepage="https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use" \
documentation="https://docs.browser-use.com" \
org.opencontainers.image.title="browseruse" \
org.opencontainers.image.vendor="browseruse" \
org.opencontainers.image.description="Make websites accessible for AI agents. Automate tasks online with ease." \
org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use" \
com.docker.image.source.entrypoint="Dockerfile" \
com.docker.desktop.extension.api.version=">= 1.4.7" \
com.docker.desktop.extension.icon="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/192012301?s=200&v=4" \
com.docker.extension.publisher-url="https://browser-use.com" \
com.docker.extension.screenshots='[{"alt": "Screenshot of CLI splashscreen", "url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3606d851-deb1-439e-ad90-774e7960ded8"}, {"alt": "Screenshot of CLI running", "url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d018b115-95a4-4ac5-8259-b750bc5f56ad"}]' \
com.docker.extension.detailed-description='See here for detailed documentation: https://docs.browser-use.com' \
com.docker.extension.changelog='See here for release notes: https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/releases' \
com.docker.extension.categories='web,utility-tools,ai'
ARG TARGETPLATFORM
ARG TARGETOS
ARG TARGETARCH
ARG TARGETVARIANT
######### Environment Variables #################################
# Global system-level config
ENV TZ=UTC \
LANGUAGE=en_US:en \
LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 \
LANG=C.UTF-8 \
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
APT_KEY_DONT_WARN_ON_DANGEROUS_USAGE=1 \
PYTHONIOENCODING=UTF-8 \
PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 \
UV_CACHE_DIR=/root/.cache/uv \
UV_LINK_MODE=copy \
UV_COMPILE_BYTECODE=1 \
UV_PYTHON_PREFERENCE=only-system \
npm_config_loglevel=error \
IN_DOCKER=True
# User config
ENV BROWSERUSE_USER="browseruse" \
DEFAULT_PUID=911 \
DEFAULT_PGID=911
# Paths
ENV CODE_DIR=/app \
DATA_DIR=/data \
VENV_DIR=/app/.venv \
PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"
# Build shell config
SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-o", "pipefail", "-o", "errexit", "-o", "errtrace", "-o", "nounset", "-c"]
# Force apt to leave downloaded binaries in /var/cache/apt (massively speeds up Docker builds)
RUN echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "1";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99keep-cache \
&& echo 'APT::Install-Recommends "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99no-intall-recommends \
&& echo 'APT::Install-Suggests "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99no-intall-suggests \
&& rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean
# Print debug info about build and save it to disk, for human eyes only, not used by anything else
RUN (echo "[i] Docker build for Browser Use $(cat /VERSION.txt) starting..." \
&& echo "PLATFORM=${TARGETPLATFORM} ARCH=$(uname -m) ($(uname -s) ${TARGETARCH} ${TARGETVARIANT})" \
&& echo "BUILD_START_TIME=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %s") TZ=${TZ} LANG=${LANG}" \
&& echo \
&& echo "CODE_DIR=${CODE_DIR} DATA_DIR=${DATA_DIR} PATH=${PATH}" \
&& echo \
&& uname -a \
&& cat /etc/os-release | head -n7 \
&& which bash && bash --version | head -n1 \
&& which dpkg && dpkg --version | head -n1 \
&& echo -e '\n\n' && env && echo -e '\n\n' \
&& which python && python --version \
&& which pip && pip --version \
&& echo -e '\n\n' \
) | tee -a /VERSION.txt
# Create non-privileged user for browseruse and chrome
RUN echo "[*] Setting up $BROWSERUSE_USER user uid=${DEFAULT_PUID}..." \
&& groupadd --system $BROWSERUSE_USER \
&& useradd --system --create-home --gid $BROWSERUSE_USER --groups audio,video $BROWSERUSE_USER \
&& usermod -u "$DEFAULT_PUID" "$BROWSERUSE_USER" \
&& groupmod -g "$DEFAULT_PGID" "$BROWSERUSE_USER" \
&& mkdir -p /data \
&& mkdir -p /home/$BROWSERUSE_USER/.config \
&& chown -R $BROWSERUSE_USER:$BROWSERUSE_USER /home/$BROWSERUSE_USER \
&& ln -s $DATA_DIR /home/$BROWSERUSE_USER/.config/browseruse \
&& echo -e "\nBROWSERUSE_USER=$BROWSERUSE_USER PUID=$(id -u $BROWSERUSE_USER) PGID=$(id -g $BROWSERUSE_USER)\n\n" \
| tee -a /VERSION.txt
# DEFAULT_PUID and DEFAULT_PID are overridden by PUID and PGID in /bin/docker_entrypoint.sh at runtime
# https://docs.linuxserver.io/general/understanding-puid-and-pgid
# Install base apt dependencies (adding backports to access more recent apt updates)
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked,id=apt-$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT \
echo "[+] Installing APT base system dependencies for $TARGETPLATFORM..." \
# && echo 'deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list \
&& mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
&& apt-get update -qq \
&& apt-get install -qq -y --no-install-recommends \
# 1. packaging dependencies
apt-transport-https ca-certificates apt-utils gnupg2 unzip curl wget grep \
# 2. docker and init system dependencies:
# dumb-init gosu cron zlib1g-dev \
# 3. frivolous CLI helpers to make debugging failed archiving easierL
nano iputils-ping dnsutils jq \
# tree yq procps \
# 4. browser dependencies: (auto-installed by playwright install --with-deps chromium)
# libnss3 libxss1 libasound2 libx11-xcb1 \
# fontconfig fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-khmeros fonts-kacst fonts-symbola fonts-noto fonts-freefont-ttf \
# at-spi2-common fonts-liberation fonts-noto-color-emoji fonts-tlwg-loma-otf fonts-unifont libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libatspi2.0-0 libavahi-client3 \
# libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libcups2 libfontenc1 libice6 libnspr4 libnss3 libsm6 libunwind8 \
# libxaw7 libxcomposite1 libxdamage1 libxfont2 \
# # 5. x11/xvfb dependencies:
# libxkbfile1 libxmu6 libxpm4 libxt6 x11-xkb-utils x11-utils xfonts-encodings \
# xfonts-scalable xfonts-utils xserver-common xvfb \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:latest /uv /uvx /bin/
# Copy only dependency manifest
WORKDIR /app
COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock* /app/
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache,sharing=locked,id=cache-$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT \
echo "[+] Setting up venv using uv in $VENV_DIR..." \
&& ( \
which uv && uv --version \
&& uv venv \
&& which python | grep "$VENV_DIR" \
&& python --version \
) | tee -a /VERSION.txt
# Install Chromium browser directly from system packages
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked,id=apt-$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT \
echo "[+] Installing chromium browser from system packages..." \
&& apt-get update -qq \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
chromium \
fonts-unifont \
fonts-liberation \
fonts-dejavu-core \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
fonts-noto-core \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
&& ln -s /usr/bin/chromium /usr/bin/chromium-browser \
&& ln -s /usr/bin/chromium /app/chromium-browser \
&& mkdir -p "/home/${BROWSERUSE_USER}/.config/chromium/Crash Reports/pending/" \
&& chown -R "$BROWSERUSE_USER:$BROWSERUSE_USER" "/home/${BROWSERUSE_USER}/.config" \
&& ( \
which chromium-browser && /usr/bin/chromium-browser --version \
&& echo -e '\n\n' \
) | tee -a /VERSION.txt
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache,sharing=locked,id=cache-$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT \
echo "[+] Installing browser-use pip sub-dependencies..." \
&& ( \
uv sync --all-extras --no-dev --no-install-project \
&& echo -e '\n\n' \
) | tee -a /VERSION.txt
# Copy the rest of the browser-use codebase
COPY . /app
# Install the browser-use package and all of its optional dependencies
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache,sharing=locked,id=cache-$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT \
echo "[+] Installing browser-use pip library from source..." \
&& ( \
uv sync --all-extras --locked --no-dev \
&& python -c "import browser_use; print('browser-use installed successfully')" \
&& echo -e '\n\n' \
) | tee -a /VERSION.txt
RUN mkdir -p "$DATA_DIR/profiles/default" \
&& chown -R $BROWSERUSE_USER:$BROWSERUSE_USER "$DATA_DIR" "$DATA_DIR"/* \
&& ( \
echo -e "\n\n[√] Finished Docker build successfully. Saving build summary in: /VERSION.txt" \
&& echo -e "PLATFORM=${TARGETPLATFORM} ARCH=$(uname -m) ($(uname -s) ${TARGETARCH} ${TARGETVARIANT})\n" \
&& echo -e "BUILD_END_TIME=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %s")\n\n" \
) | tee -a /VERSION.txt
USER "$BROWSERUSE_USER"
VOLUME "$DATA_DIR"
EXPOSE 9242
EXPOSE 9222
# HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=20s --retries=15 \
# CMD curl --silent 'http://localhost:8000/health/' | grep -q 'OK'
ENTRYPOINT ["browser-use"]

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
# Fast Dockerfile using pre-built base images
ARG REGISTRY=browseruse
ARG BASE_TAG=latest
FROM ${REGISTRY}/base-python-deps:${BASE_TAG}
LABEL name="browseruse" description="Browser automation for AI agents"
ENV BROWSERUSE_USER="browseruse" DEFAULT_PUID=911 DEFAULT_PGID=911 DATA_DIR=/data
# Create user and directories
RUN groupadd --system $BROWSERUSE_USER && \
useradd --system --create-home --gid $BROWSERUSE_USER --groups audio,video $BROWSERUSE_USER && \
usermod -u "$DEFAULT_PUID" "$BROWSERUSE_USER" && \
groupmod -g "$DEFAULT_PGID" "$BROWSERUSE_USER" && \
mkdir -p /data /home/$BROWSERUSE_USER/.config && \
ln -s $DATA_DIR /home/$BROWSERUSE_USER/.config/browseruse && \
mkdir -p "/home/$BROWSERUSE_USER/.config/chromium/Crash Reports/pending/" && \
mkdir -p "$DATA_DIR/profiles/default" && \
chown -R "$BROWSERUSE_USER:$BROWSERUSE_USER" "/home/$BROWSERUSE_USER" "$DATA_DIR"
WORKDIR /app
COPY . /app
# Install browser-use
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv,sharing=locked \
uv sync --all-extras --locked --no-dev --compile-bytecode
USER "$BROWSERUSE_USER"
VOLUME "$DATA_DIR"
EXPOSE 9242 9222
ENTRYPOINT ["browser-use"]

21
.agent/vendor/browser_use/LICENSE vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2024 Gregor Zunic
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

306
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@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
<picture>
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2ccdb752-22fb-41c7-8948-857fc1ad7e24"">
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/774a46d5-27a0-490c-b7d0-e65fcbbfa358">
<img alt="Shows a black Browser Use Logo in light color mode and a white one in dark color mode." src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2ccdb752-22fb-41c7-8948-857fc1ad7e24" width="full">
</picture>
<div align="center">
<picture>
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9955dda9-ede3-4971-8ee0-91cbc3850125"">
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6797d09b-8ac3-4cb9-ba07-b289e080765a">
<img alt="The AI browser agent." src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9955dda9-ede3-4971-8ee0-91cbc3850125" width="400">
</picture>
</div>
<div align="center">
<a href="https://cloud.browser-use.com"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/package" height="48" alt="Browser-Use Package Download Statistics"></a>
</div>
---
<div align="center">
<a href="#demos"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/demos" alt="Demos"></a>
<img width="16" height="1" alt="">
<a href="https://docs.browser-use.com"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/docs" alt="Docs"></a>
<img width="16" height="1" alt="">
<a href="https://browser-use.com/posts"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/blog" alt="Blog"></a>
<img width="16" height="1" alt="">
<a href="https://browsermerch.com"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/merch" alt="Merch"></a>
<img width="100" height="1" alt="">
<a href="https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/github" alt="Github Stars"></a>
<img width="4" height="1" alt="">
<a href="https://x.com/intent/user?screen_name=browser_use"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/twitter" alt="Twitter"></a>
<img width="4 height="1" alt="">
<a href="https://link.browser-use.com/discord"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/discord" alt="Discord"></a>
<img width="4" height="1" alt="">
<a href="https://cloud.browser-use.com"><img src="https://media.browser-use.tools/badges/cloud" height="48" alt="Browser-Use Cloud"></a>
</div>
</br>
🌤️ Want to skip the setup? Use our <b>[cloud](https://cloud.browser-use.com)</b> for faster, scalable, stealth-enabled browser automation!
# 🤖 LLM Quickstart
1. Direct your favorite coding agent (Cursor, Claude Code, etc) to [Agents.md](https://docs.browser-use.com/llms-full.txt)
2. Prompt away!
<br/>
# 👋 Human Quickstart
**1. Create environment and install Browser-Use with [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) (Python>=3.11):**
```bash
uv init && uv add browser-use && uv sync
# uvx browser-use install # Run if you don't have Chromium installed
```
**2. [Optional] Get your API key from [Browser Use Cloud](https://cloud.browser-use.com/new-api-key):**
```
# .env
BROWSER_USE_API_KEY=your-key
# GOOGLE_API_KEY=your-key
# ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your-key
```
**3. Run your first agent:**
```python
from browser_use import Agent, Browser, ChatBrowserUse
# from browser_use import ChatGoogle # ChatGoogle(model='gemini-3-flash-preview')
# from browser_use import ChatAnthropic # ChatAnthropic(model='claude-sonnet-4-6')
import asyncio
async def main():
browser = Browser(
# use_cloud=True, # Use a stealth browser on Browser Use Cloud
)
agent = Agent(
task="Find the number of stars of the browser-use repo",
llm=ChatBrowserUse(),
# llm=ChatGoogle(model='gemini-3-flash-preview'),
# llm=ChatAnthropic(model='claude-sonnet-4-6'),
browser=browser,
)
await agent.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
```
Check out the [library docs](https://docs.browser-use.com/open-source/introduction) and the [cloud docs](https://docs.cloud.browser-use.com) for more!
<br/>
# Open Source vs Cloud
<picture>
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="static/accuracy_by_model_light.png">
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="static/accuracy_by_model_dark.png">
<img alt="BU Bench V1 - LLM Success Rates" src="static/accuracy_by_model_light.png" width="100%">
</picture>
We benchmark Browser Use across 100 real-world browser tasks. Full benchmark is open source: **[browser-use/benchmark](https://github.com/browser-use/benchmark)**.
**Use Open Source**
- You need [custom tools](https://docs.browser-use.com/customize/tools/basics) or deep code-level integration
- You want to self-host and deploy browser agents on your own machines
**Use [Cloud](https://cloud.browser-use.com) (recommended)**
- Much better agent for complex tasks (see plot above)
- Easiest way to start and scale
- Best stealth with proxy rotation and captcha solving
- 1000+ integrations (Gmail, Slack, Notion, and more)
- Persistent filesystem and memory
**Use Both**
- Use the open-source library with your [custom tools](https://docs.browser-use.com/customize/tools/basics) while running our [cloud browsers](https://docs.browser-use.com/open-source/customize/browser/remote) and [ChatBrowserUse model](https://docs.browser-use.com/open-source/supported-models)
<br/>
# Demos
### 📋 Form-Filling
#### Task = "Fill in this job application with my resume and information."
![Job Application Demo](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/57865ee6-6004-49d5-b2c2-6dff39ec2ba9)
[Example code ↗](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/blob/main/examples/use-cases/apply_to_job.py)
### 🍎 Grocery-Shopping
#### Task = "Put this list of items into my instacart."
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a6813fa7-4a7c-40a6-b4aa-382bf88b1850
[Example code ↗](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/blob/main/examples/use-cases/buy_groceries.py)
### 💻 Personal-Assistant.
#### Task = "Help me find parts for a custom PC."
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ac34f75c-057a-43ef-ad06-5b2c9d42bf06
[Example code ↗](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/blob/main/examples/use-cases/pcpartpicker.py)
### 💡See [more examples here ↗](https://docs.browser-use.com/examples) and give us a star!
<br/>
# 🚀 Template Quickstart
**Want to get started even faster?** Generate a ready-to-run template:
```bash
uvx browser-use init --template default
```
This creates a `browser_use_default.py` file with a working example. Available templates:
- `default` - Minimal setup to get started quickly
- `advanced` - All configuration options with detailed comments
- `tools` - Examples of custom tools and extending the agent
You can also specify a custom output path:
```bash
uvx browser-use init --template default --output my_agent.py
```
<br/>
# 💻 CLI
Fast, persistent browser automation from the command line:
```bash
browser-use open https://example.com # Navigate to URL
browser-use state # See clickable elements
browser-use click 5 # Click element by index
browser-use type "Hello" # Type text
browser-use screenshot page.png # Take screenshot
browser-use close # Close browser
```
The CLI keeps the browser running between commands for fast iteration. See [CLI docs](browser_use/skill_cli/README.md) for all commands.
### Claude Code Skill
For [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code), install the skill to enable AI-assisted browser automation:
```bash
mkdir -p ~/.claude/skills/browser-use
curl -o ~/.claude/skills/browser-use/SKILL.md \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/browser-use/browser-use/main/skills/browser-use/SKILL.md
```
<br/>
## Integrations, hosting, custom tools, MCP, and more on our [Docs ↗](https://docs.browser-use.com)
<br/>
# FAQ
<details>
<summary><b>What's the best model to use?</b></summary>
We optimized **ChatBrowserUse()** specifically for browser automation tasks. On avg it completes tasks 3-5x faster than other models with SOTA accuracy.
**Pricing (per 1M tokens):**
- Input tokens: $0.20
- Cached input tokens: $0.02
- Output tokens: $2.00
For other LLM providers, see our [supported models documentation](https://docs.browser-use.com/supported-models).
</details>
<details>
<summary><b>Should I use the Browser Use system prompt with the open-source preview model?</b></summary>
Yes. If you use `ChatBrowserUse(model='browser-use/bu-30b-a3b-preview')` with a normal `Agent(...)`, Browser Use still sends its default agent system prompt for you.
You do **not** need to add a separate custom "Browser Use system message" just because you switched to the open-source preview model. Only use `extend_system_message` or `override_system_message` when you intentionally want to customize the default behavior for your task.
If you want the best default speed/accuracy, we still recommend the newer hosted `bu-*` models. If you want the open-source preview model, the setup stays the same apart from the `model=` value.
</details>
<details>
<summary><b>Can I use custom tools with the agent?</b></summary>
Yes! You can add custom tools to extend the agent's capabilities:
```python
from browser_use import Tools
tools = Tools()
@tools.action(description='Description of what this tool does.')
def custom_tool(param: str) -> str:
return f"Result: {param}"
agent = Agent(
task="Your task",
llm=llm,
browser=browser,
tools=tools,
)
```
</details>
<details>
<summary><b>Can I use this for free?</b></summary>
Yes! Browser-Use is open source and free to use. You only need to choose an LLM provider (like OpenAI, Google, ChatBrowserUse, or run local models with Ollama).
</details>
<details>
<summary><b>Terms of Service</b></summary>
This open-source library is licensed under the MIT License. For Browser Use services & data policy, see our [Terms of Service](https://browser-use.com/legal/terms-of-service) and [Privacy Policy](https://browser-use.com/privacy/).
</details>
<details>
<summary><b>How do I handle authentication?</b></summary>
Check out our authentication examples:
- [Using real browser profiles](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use/blob/main/examples/browser/real_browser.py) - Reuse your existing Chrome profile with saved logins
- If you want to use temporary accounts with inbox, choose AgentMail
- To sync your auth profile with the remote browser, run `curl -fsSL https://browser-use.com/profile.sh | BROWSER_USE_API_KEY=XXXX sh` (replace XXXX with your API key)
These examples show how to maintain sessions and handle authentication seamlessly.
</details>
<details>
<summary><b>How do I solve CAPTCHAs?</b></summary>
For CAPTCHA handling, you need better browser fingerprinting and proxies. Use [Browser Use Cloud](https://cloud.browser-use.com) which provides stealth browsers designed to avoid detection and CAPTCHA challenges.
</details>
<details>
<summary><b>How do I go into production?</b></summary>
Chrome can consume a lot of memory, and running many agents in parallel can be tricky to manage.
For production use cases, use our [Browser Use Cloud API](https://cloud.browser-use.com) which handles:
- Scalable browser infrastructure
- Memory management
- Proxy rotation
- Stealth browser fingerprinting
- High-performance parallel execution
</details>
<br/>
<div align="center">
**Tell your computer what to do, and it gets it done.**
<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/06fa3078-8461-4560-b434-445510c1766f" width="400"/>
[![Twitter Follow](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/Magnus?style=social)](https://x.com/intent/user?screen_name=mamagnus00)
&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;
[![Twitter Follow](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/Gregor?style=social)](https://x.com/intent/user?screen_name=gregpr07)
</div>
<div align="center"> Made with ❤️ in Zurich and San Francisco </div>

251
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This script is used to run the formatter, linter, and type checker pre-commit hooks.
# Usage:
# $ ./bin/lint.sh [OPTIONS]
#
# Options:
# --fail-fast Exit immediately on first failure (faster feedback)
# --quick Fast mode: skips pyright type checking (~2s vs 5s)
# --staged Check only staged files (for git pre-commit hook)
#
# Examples:
# $ ./bin/lint.sh # Full check (matches CI/CD) - 5s
# $ ./bin/lint.sh --quick # Quick iteration (no types) - 2s
# $ ./bin/lint.sh --staged # Only staged files - varies
# $ ./bin/lint.sh --staged --quick # Fast pre-commit - <2s
#
# Note:
# - Quick mode skips type checking. Always run full mode before pushing to CI.
# - This script runs tools directly from .venv to avoid 'uv run' permission errors.
set -o pipefail
IFS=$'\n'
SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." || exit 1
# Find the active venv and prefer direct execution over uv run to avoid permission errors
if [ -n "$VIRTUAL_ENV" ]; then
# Already in a venv, use tools directly
RUN_CMD=""
elif [ -f ".venv/bin/activate" ]; then
# Use .venv directly without activating
RUN_CMD=".venv/bin/"
else
# Fallback to uv run
RUN_CMD="uv run "
fi
# Parse arguments
FAIL_FAST=0
QUICK_MODE=0
STAGED_MODE=0
for arg in "$@"; do
case "$arg" in
--fail-fast) FAIL_FAST=1 ;;
--quick) QUICK_MODE=1 ;;
--staged) STAGED_MODE=1 ;;
*)
echo "Unknown option: $arg"
echo "Usage: $0 [--fail-fast] [--quick] [--staged]"
exit 1
;;
esac
done
# Create temp directory for logs
TEMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
trap "rm -rf $TEMP_DIR" EXIT
# Helper function to show spinner while waiting for process
spinner() {
local pid=$1
local name=$2
local spin='⠋⠙⠹⠸⠼⠴⠦⠧⠇⠏'
local i=0
while kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; do
i=$(( (i+1) %10 ))
printf "\r[${spin:$i:1}] Running %s..." "$name"
sleep 0.1
done
printf "\r"
}
# Helper to wait for job and handle result
wait_for_job() {
local pid=$1
local name=$2
local logfile=$3
local start_time=$4
wait "$pid"
local exit_code=$?
local duration=$(($(date +%s) - start_time))
if [ $exit_code -ne 0 ]; then
printf "%-25s ❌ (%.1fs)\n" "$name" "$duration"
if [ -s "$logfile" ]; then
echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
cat "$logfile"
echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
fi
return 1
else
printf "%-25s ✅ (%.1fs)\n" "$name" "$duration"
return 0
fi
}
# Build file list based on mode (compatible with sh and bash)
if [ $STAGED_MODE -eq 1 ]; then
# Get staged Python files (files being committed)
FILE_ARRAY=()
while IFS= read -r file; do
[ -n "$file" ] && FILE_ARRAY+=("$file")
done <<EOF
$(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACMR 2>/dev/null | grep '\.py$')
EOF
if [ ${#FILE_ARRAY[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
echo "[*] Staged mode: No Python files staged for commit"
exit 0
fi
echo "[*] Staged mode: checking ${#FILE_ARRAY[@]} staged Python file(s)"
elif [ $QUICK_MODE -eq 1 ]; then
# Get all changed Python files (staged and unstaged)
FILE_ARRAY=()
while IFS= read -r file; do
[ -n "$file" ] && FILE_ARRAY+=("$file")
done <<EOF
$(git diff --name-only --diff-filter=ACMR HEAD 2>/dev/null | grep '\.py$')
EOF
if [ ${#FILE_ARRAY[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
echo "[*] Quick mode: No Python files changed"
exit 0
fi
echo "[*] Quick mode: checking ${#FILE_ARRAY[@]} changed Python file(s)"
else
echo "[*] Full mode: checking all files (matches CI/CD exactly)"
FILE_ARRAY=()
fi
echo ""
START_TIME=$(date +%s)
# Launch all checks in parallel
if [ ${#FILE_ARRAY[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
# Full mode: check everything
${RUN_CMD}ruff check --fix > "$TEMP_DIR/ruff-check.log" 2>&1 &
RUFF_CHECK_PID=$!
RUFF_CHECK_START=$(date +%s)
${RUN_CMD}ruff format > "$TEMP_DIR/ruff-format.log" 2>&1 &
RUFF_FORMAT_PID=$!
RUFF_FORMAT_START=$(date +%s)
${RUN_CMD}pyright --threads 6 > "$TEMP_DIR/pyright.log" 2>&1 &
PYRIGHT_PID=$!
PYRIGHT_START=$(date +%s)
SKIP=ruff-check,ruff-format,pyright ${RUN_CMD}pre-commit run --all-files > "$TEMP_DIR/other-checks.log" 2>&1 &
OTHER_PID=$!
OTHER_START=$(date +%s)
else
# Staged or quick mode: check only specific files
${RUN_CMD}ruff check --fix "${FILE_ARRAY[@]}" > "$TEMP_DIR/ruff-check.log" 2>&1 &
RUFF_CHECK_PID=$!
RUFF_CHECK_START=$(date +%s)
${RUN_CMD}ruff format "${FILE_ARRAY[@]}" > "$TEMP_DIR/ruff-format.log" 2>&1 &
RUFF_FORMAT_PID=$!
RUFF_FORMAT_START=$(date +%s)
# Pyright: skip in quick mode, run in staged mode
if [ $QUICK_MODE -eq 1 ]; then
echo "" > "$TEMP_DIR/pyright.log"
PYRIGHT_PID=-1
PYRIGHT_START=$(date +%s)
else
${RUN_CMD}pyright --threads 6 "${FILE_ARRAY[@]}" > "$TEMP_DIR/pyright.log" 2>&1 &
PYRIGHT_PID=$!
PYRIGHT_START=$(date +%s)
fi
SKIP=ruff-check,ruff-format,pyright ${RUN_CMD}pre-commit run --files "${FILE_ARRAY[@]}" > "$TEMP_DIR/other-checks.log" 2>&1 &
OTHER_PID=$!
OTHER_START=$(date +%s)
fi
# Track failures
FAILED=0
FAILED_CHECKS=""
# Wait for each job in order of expected completion (fastest first)
# This allows --fail-fast to exit as soon as any check fails
# Ruff format is typically fastest
spinner $RUFF_FORMAT_PID "ruff format"
if ! wait_for_job $RUFF_FORMAT_PID "ruff format" "$TEMP_DIR/ruff-format.log" $RUFF_FORMAT_START; then
FAILED=1
FAILED_CHECKS="$FAILED_CHECKS ruff-format"
if [ $FAIL_FAST -eq 1 ]; then
kill $RUFF_CHECK_PID $PYRIGHT_PID $OTHER_PID 2>/dev/null
wait $RUFF_CHECK_PID $PYRIGHT_PID $OTHER_PID 2>/dev/null
echo ""
echo "❌ Fast-fail: Exiting early due to ruff format failure"
exit 1
fi
fi
# Ruff check is second fastest
spinner $RUFF_CHECK_PID "ruff check"
if ! wait_for_job $RUFF_CHECK_PID "ruff check" "$TEMP_DIR/ruff-check.log" $RUFF_CHECK_START; then
FAILED=1
FAILED_CHECKS="$FAILED_CHECKS ruff-check"
if [ $FAIL_FAST -eq 1 ]; then
kill $PYRIGHT_PID $OTHER_PID 2>/dev/null
wait $PYRIGHT_PID $OTHER_PID 2>/dev/null
echo ""
echo "❌ Fast-fail: Exiting early due to ruff check failure"
exit 1
fi
fi
# Pre-commit hooks are medium speed
spinner $OTHER_PID "other pre-commit hooks"
if ! wait_for_job $OTHER_PID "other pre-commit hooks" "$TEMP_DIR/other-checks.log" $OTHER_START; then
FAILED=1
FAILED_CHECKS="$FAILED_CHECKS pre-commit"
if [ $FAIL_FAST -eq 1 ]; then
kill $PYRIGHT_PID 2>/dev/null
wait $PYRIGHT_PID 2>/dev/null
echo ""
echo "❌ Fast-fail: Exiting early due to pre-commit hooks failure"
exit 1
fi
fi
# Pyright is slowest (wait last for maximum parallelism)
if [ $PYRIGHT_PID -ne -1 ]; then
spinner $PYRIGHT_PID "pyright"
if ! wait_for_job $PYRIGHT_PID "pyright" "$TEMP_DIR/pyright.log" $PYRIGHT_START; then
FAILED=1
FAILED_CHECKS="$FAILED_CHECKS pyright"
fi
else
printf "%-25s ⏭️ (skipped in quick mode)\n" "pyright"
fi
TOTAL_TIME=$(($(date +%s) - START_TIME))
echo ""
if [ $FAILED -eq 1 ]; then
echo "❌ Checks failed:$FAILED_CHECKS (${TOTAL_TIME}s total)"
exit 1
fi
echo "✅ All checks passed! (${TOTAL_TIME}s total)"
exit 0

52
.agent/vendor/browser_use/bin/setup.sh vendored Normal file
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This script is used to setup a local development environment for the browser-use project.
# Usage:
# $ ./bin/setup.sh
### Bash Environment Setup
# http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/
# https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html
# set -o xtrace
# set -x
# shopt -s nullglob
set -o errexit
set -o errtrace
set -o nounset
set -o pipefail
IFS=$'\n'
SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/lint.sh" ]; then
echo "[√] already inside a cloned browser-use repo"
else
echo "[+] Cloning browser-use repo into current directory: $SCRIPT_DIR"
git clone https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use
cd browser-use
fi
echo "[+] Installing uv..."
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
#git checkout main git pull
echo
echo "[+] Setting up venv"
uv venv
echo
echo "[+] Installing packages in venv"
uv sync --dev --all-extras
echo
echo "[i] Tip: make sure to set BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL=debug and your LLM API keys in your .env file"
echo
uv pip show browser-use
echo "Usage:"
echo " $ browser-use use the CLI"
echo " or"
echo " $ source .venv/bin/activate"
echo " $ ipython use the library"
echo " >>> from browser_use import BrowserSession, Agent"
echo " >>> await Agent(task='book me a flight to fiji', browser=BrowserSession(headless=False)).run()"
echo ""

9
.agent/vendor/browser_use/bin/test.sh vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This script is used to run all the main project tests that run on CI via .github/workflows/test.yaml.
# Usage:
# $ ./bin/test.sh
SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." || exit 1
exec uv run pytest --numprocesses auto tests/ci $1 $2 $3

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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
# Codebase Structure
> The code structure inspired by https://github.com/Netflix/dispatch.
Very good structure on how to make a scalable codebase is also in [this repo](https://github.com/zhanymkanov/fastapi-best-practices).
Just a brief document about how we should structure our backend codebase.
## Code Structure
```markdown
src/
/<service name>/
models.py
services.py
prompts.py
views.py
utils.py
routers.py
/_<subservice name>/
```
### Service.py
Always a single file, except if it becomes too long - more than ~500 lines, split it into \_subservices
### Views.py
Always split the views into two parts
```python
# All
...
# Requests
...
# Responses
...
```
If too long → split into multiple files
### Prompts.py
Single file; if too long → split into multiple files (one prompt per file or so)
### Routers.py
Never split into more than one file

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import os
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from browser_use.logging_config import setup_logging
# Only set up logging if not in MCP mode or if explicitly requested
if os.environ.get('BROWSER_USE_SETUP_LOGGING', 'true').lower() != 'false':
from browser_use.config import CONFIG
# Get log file paths from config/environment
debug_log_file = getattr(CONFIG, 'BROWSER_USE_DEBUG_LOG_FILE', None)
info_log_file = getattr(CONFIG, 'BROWSER_USE_INFO_LOG_FILE', None)
# Set up logging with file handlers if specified
logger = setup_logging(debug_log_file=debug_log_file, info_log_file=info_log_file)
else:
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger('browser_use')
# Monkeypatch BaseSubprocessTransport.__del__ to handle closed event loops gracefully
from asyncio import base_subprocess
_original_del = base_subprocess.BaseSubprocessTransport.__del__
def _patched_del(self):
"""Patched __del__ that handles closed event loops without throwing noisy red-herring errors like RuntimeError: Event loop is closed"""
try:
# Check if the event loop is closed before calling the original
if hasattr(self, '_loop') and self._loop and self._loop.is_closed():
# Event loop is closed, skip cleanup that requires the loop
return
_original_del(self)
except RuntimeError as e:
if 'Event loop is closed' in str(e):
# Silently ignore this specific error
pass
else:
raise
base_subprocess.BaseSubprocessTransport.__del__ = _patched_del
# Type stubs for lazy imports - fixes linter warnings
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from browser_use.agent.prompts import SystemPrompt
from browser_use.agent.service import Agent
# from browser_use.agent.service import Agent
from browser_use.agent.views import ActionModel, ActionResult, AgentHistoryList
from browser_use.browser import BrowserProfile, BrowserSession
from browser_use.browser import BrowserSession as Browser
from browser_use.dom.service import DomService
from browser_use.llm import models
from browser_use.llm.anthropic.chat import ChatAnthropic
from browser_use.llm.azure.chat import ChatAzureOpenAI
from browser_use.llm.browser_use.chat import ChatBrowserUse
from browser_use.llm.google.chat import ChatGoogle
from browser_use.llm.groq.chat import ChatGroq
from browser_use.llm.litellm.chat import ChatLiteLLM
from browser_use.llm.mistral.chat import ChatMistral
from browser_use.llm.oci_raw.chat import ChatOCIRaw
from browser_use.llm.ollama.chat import ChatOllama
from browser_use.llm.openai.chat import ChatOpenAI
from browser_use.llm.vercel.chat import ChatVercel
from browser_use.sandbox import sandbox
from browser_use.tools.service import Controller, Tools
# Lazy imports mapping - only import when actually accessed
_LAZY_IMPORTS = {
# Agent service (heavy due to dependencies)
# 'Agent': ('browser_use.agent.service', 'Agent'),
'Agent': ('browser_use.agent.service', 'Agent'),
# System prompt (moderate weight due to agent.views imports)
'SystemPrompt': ('browser_use.agent.prompts', 'SystemPrompt'),
# Agent views (very heavy - over 1 second!)
'ActionModel': ('browser_use.agent.views', 'ActionModel'),
'ActionResult': ('browser_use.agent.views', 'ActionResult'),
'AgentHistoryList': ('browser_use.agent.views', 'AgentHistoryList'),
'BrowserSession': ('browser_use.browser', 'BrowserSession'),
'Browser': ('browser_use.browser', 'BrowserSession'), # Alias for BrowserSession
'BrowserProfile': ('browser_use.browser', 'BrowserProfile'),
# Tools (moderate weight)
'Tools': ('browser_use.tools.service', 'Tools'),
'Controller': ('browser_use.tools.service', 'Controller'), # alias
# DOM service (moderate weight)
'DomService': ('browser_use.dom.service', 'DomService'),
# Chat models (very heavy imports)
'ChatOpenAI': ('browser_use.llm.openai.chat', 'ChatOpenAI'),
'ChatGoogle': ('browser_use.llm.google.chat', 'ChatGoogle'),
'ChatAnthropic': ('browser_use.llm.anthropic.chat', 'ChatAnthropic'),
'ChatBrowserUse': ('browser_use.llm.browser_use.chat', 'ChatBrowserUse'),
'ChatGroq': ('browser_use.llm.groq.chat', 'ChatGroq'),
'ChatLiteLLM': ('browser_use.llm.litellm.chat', 'ChatLiteLLM'),
'ChatMistral': ('browser_use.llm.mistral.chat', 'ChatMistral'),
'ChatAzureOpenAI': ('browser_use.llm.azure.chat', 'ChatAzureOpenAI'),
'ChatOCIRaw': ('browser_use.llm.oci_raw.chat', 'ChatOCIRaw'),
'ChatOllama': ('browser_use.llm.ollama.chat', 'ChatOllama'),
'ChatVercel': ('browser_use.llm.vercel.chat', 'ChatVercel'),
# LLM models module
'models': ('browser_use.llm.models', None),
# Sandbox execution
'sandbox': ('browser_use.sandbox', 'sandbox'),
}
def __getattr__(name: str):
"""Lazy import mechanism - only import modules when they're actually accessed."""
if name in _LAZY_IMPORTS:
module_path, attr_name = _LAZY_IMPORTS[name]
try:
from importlib import import_module
module = import_module(module_path)
if attr_name is None:
# For modules like 'models', return the module itself
attr = module
else:
attr = getattr(module, attr_name)
# Cache the imported attribute in the module's globals
globals()[name] = attr
return attr
except ImportError as e:
raise ImportError(f'Failed to import {name} from {module_path}: {e}') from e
raise AttributeError(f"module '{__name__}' has no attribute '{name}'")
__all__ = [
'Agent',
'BrowserSession',
'Browser', # Alias for BrowserSession
'BrowserProfile',
'Controller',
'DomService',
'SystemPrompt',
'ActionResult',
'ActionModel',
'AgentHistoryList',
# Chat models
'ChatOpenAI',
'ChatGoogle',
'ChatAnthropic',
'ChatBrowserUse',
'ChatGroq',
'ChatLiteLLM',
'ChatMistral',
'ChatAzureOpenAI',
'ChatOCIRaw',
'ChatOllama',
'ChatVercel',
'Tools',
'Controller',
# LLM models module
'models',
# Sandbox execution
'sandbox',
]

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# Browser Actor
Browser Actor is a web automation library built on CDP (Chrome DevTools Protocol) that provides low-level browser automation capabilities within the browser-use ecosystem.
## Usage
### Integrated with Browser (Recommended)
```python
from browser_use import Browser # Alias for BrowserSession
# Create and start browser session
browser = Browser()
await browser.start()
# Create new tabs and navigate
page = await browser.new_page("https://example.com")
pages = await browser.get_pages()
current_page = await browser.get_current_page()
```
### Direct Page Access (Advanced)
```python
from browser_use.actor import Page, Element, Mouse
# Create page with existing browser session
page = Page(browser_session, target_id, session_id)
```
## Basic Operations
```python
# Tab Management
page = await browser.new_page() # Create blank tab
page = await browser.new_page("https://example.com") # Create tab with URL
pages = await browser.get_pages() # Get all existing tabs
await browser.close_page(page) # Close specific tab
# Navigation
await page.goto("https://example.com")
await page.go_back()
await page.go_forward()
await page.reload()
```
## Element Operations
```python
# Find elements by CSS selector
elements = await page.get_elements_by_css_selector("input[type='text']")
buttons = await page.get_elements_by_css_selector("button.submit")
# Get element by backend node ID
element = await page.get_element(backend_node_id=12345)
# AI-powered element finding (requires LLM)
element = await page.get_element_by_prompt("search button", llm=your_llm)
element = await page.must_get_element_by_prompt("login form", llm=your_llm)
```
> **Note**: `get_elements_by_css_selector` returns immediately without waiting for visibility.
## Element Interactions
```python
# Element actions
await element.click(button='left', click_count=1, modifiers=['Control'])
await element.fill("Hello World") # Clears first, then types
await element.hover()
await element.focus()
await element.check() # Toggle checkbox/radio
await element.select_option(["option1", "option2"]) # For dropdown/select
await element.drag_to(target_element) # Drag and drop
# Element properties
value = await element.get_attribute("value")
box = await element.get_bounding_box() # Returns BoundingBox or None
info = await element.get_basic_info() # Comprehensive element info
screenshot_b64 = await element.screenshot(format='png')
# Execute JavaScript on element (this context is the element)
text = await element.evaluate("() => this.textContent")
await element.evaluate("(color) => this.style.backgroundColor = color", "yellow")
classes = await element.evaluate("() => Array.from(this.classList)")
```
## Mouse Operations
```python
# Mouse operations
mouse = await page.mouse
await mouse.click(x=100, y=200, button='left', click_count=1)
await mouse.move(x=300, y=400, steps=1)
await mouse.down(button='left') # Press button
await mouse.up(button='left') # Release button
await mouse.scroll(x=0, y=100, delta_x=0, delta_y=-500) # Scroll at coordinates
```
## Page Operations
```python
# JavaScript evaluation
result = await page.evaluate('() => document.title') # Must use arrow function format
result = await page.evaluate('(x, y) => x + y', 10, 20) # With arguments
# Keyboard input
await page.press("Control+A") # Key combinations supported
await page.press("Escape") # Single keys
# Page controls
await page.set_viewport_size(width=1920, height=1080)
page_screenshot = await page.screenshot() # PNG by default
page_png = await page.screenshot(format="png", quality=90)
# Page information
url = await page.get_url()
title = await page.get_title()
```
## AI-Powered Features
```python
# Content extraction using LLM
from pydantic import BaseModel
class ProductInfo(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
description: str
# Extract structured data from current page
products = await page.extract_content(
"Find all products with their names, prices and descriptions",
ProductInfo,
llm=your_llm
)
```
## Core Classes
- **BrowserSession** (aliased as **Browser**): Main browser session manager with tab operations
- **Page**: Represents a single browser tab or iframe for page-level operations
- **Element**: Individual DOM element for interactions and property access
- **Mouse**: Mouse operations within a page (click, move, scroll)
## API Reference
### BrowserSession Methods (Tab Management)
- `start()` - Initialize and start the browser session
- `stop()` - Stop the browser session (keeps browser alive)
- `kill()` - Kill the browser process and reset all state
- `new_page(url=None)``Page` - Create blank tab or navigate to URL
- `get_pages()``list[Page]` - Get all available pages
- `get_current_page()``Page | None` - Get the currently focused page
- `close_page(page: Page | str)` - Close page by object or ID
- Session management and CDP client operations
### Page Methods (Page Operations)
- `get_elements_by_css_selector(selector: str)``list[Element]` - Find elements by CSS selector
- `get_element(backend_node_id: int)``Element` - Get element by backend node ID
- `get_element_by_prompt(prompt: str, llm)``Element | None` - AI-powered element finding
- `must_get_element_by_prompt(prompt: str, llm)``Element` - AI element finding (raises if not found)
- `extract_content(prompt: str, structured_output: type[T], llm)``T` - Extract structured data using LLM
- `goto(url: str)` - Navigate this page to URL
- `go_back()`, `go_forward()` - Navigate history (with error handling)
- `reload()` - Reload the current page
- `evaluate(page_function: str, *args)``str` - Execute JavaScript (MUST use (...args) => format)
- `press(key: str)` - Press key on page (supports "Control+A" format)
- `set_viewport_size(width: int, height: int)` - Set viewport dimensions
- `screenshot(format='png', quality=None)``str` - Take page screenshot, return base64
- `get_url()``str`, `get_title()``str` - Get page information
- `mouse``Mouse` - Get mouse interface for this page
### Element Methods (DOM Interactions)
- `click(button='left', click_count=1, modifiers=None)` - Click element with advanced fallbacks
- `fill(text: str, clear=True)` - Fill input with text (clears first by default)
- `hover()` - Hover over element
- `focus()` - Focus the element
- `check()` - Toggle checkbox/radio button (clicks to change state)
- `select_option(values: str | list[str])` - Select dropdown options
- `drag_to(target_element: Element | Position, source_position=None, target_position=None)` - Drag to target element
- `evaluate(page_function: str, *args)``str` - Execute JavaScript on element (this = element)
- `get_attribute(name: str)``str | None` - Get attribute value
- `get_bounding_box()``BoundingBox | None` - Get element position/size
- `screenshot(format='png', quality=None)``str` - Take element screenshot, return base64
- `get_basic_info()``ElementInfo` - Get comprehensive element information
### Mouse Methods (Coordinate-Based Operations)
- `click(x: int, y: int, button='left', click_count=1)` - Click at coordinates
- `move(x: int, y: int, steps=1)` - Move to coordinates
- `down(button='left', click_count=1)`, `up(button='left', click_count=1)` - Press/release button
- `scroll(x=0, y=0, delta_x=None, delta_y=None)` - Scroll page at coordinates
## Type Definitions
### Position
```python
class Position(TypedDict):
x: float
y: float
```
### BoundingBox
```python
class BoundingBox(TypedDict):
x: float
y: float
width: float
height: float
```
### ElementInfo
```python
class ElementInfo(TypedDict):
backendNodeId: int # CDP backend node ID
nodeId: int | None # CDP node ID
nodeName: str # HTML tag name (e.g., "DIV", "INPUT")
nodeType: int # DOM node type
nodeValue: str | None # Text content for text nodes
attributes: dict[str, str] # HTML attributes
boundingBox: BoundingBox | None # Element position and size
error: str | None # Error message if info retrieval failed
```
## Important Usage Notes
**This is browser-use actor, NOT Playwright or Selenium.** Only use the methods documented above.
### Critical JavaScript Rules
- `page.evaluate()` and `element.evaluate()` MUST use `(...args) => {}` arrow function format
- Always returns string (objects are JSON-stringified automatically)
- Use single quotes around the function: `page.evaluate('() => document.title')`
- For complex selectors in JS: `'() => document.querySelector("input[name=\\"email\\"]")'`
- `element.evaluate()`: `this` context is bound to the element automatically
### Method Restrictions
- `get_elements_by_css_selector()` returns immediately (no automatic waiting)
- For dropdowns: use `element.select_option()`, NOT `element.fill()`
- Form submission: click submit button or use `page.press("Enter")`
- No methods like: `element.submit()`, `element.dispatch_event()`, `element.get_property()`
### Error Prevention
- Always verify page state changes with `page.get_url()`, `page.get_title()`
- Use `element.get_attribute()` to check element properties
- Validate CSS selectors before use
- Handle navigation timing with appropriate `asyncio.sleep()` calls
### AI Features
- `get_element_by_prompt()` and `extract_content()` require an LLM instance
- These methods use DOM analysis and structured output parsing
- Best for complex page understanding and data extraction tasks

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"""CDP-Use High-Level Library
A Playwright-like library built on top of CDP (Chrome DevTools Protocol).
"""
from .element import Element
from .mouse import Mouse
from .page import Page
from .utils import Utils
__all__ = ['Page', 'Element', 'Mouse', 'Utils']

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"""Mouse class for mouse operations."""
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from cdp_use.cdp.input.commands import DispatchMouseEventParameters, SynthesizeScrollGestureParameters
from cdp_use.cdp.input.types import MouseButton
from browser_use.browser.session import BrowserSession
class Mouse:
"""Mouse operations for a target."""
def __init__(self, browser_session: 'BrowserSession', session_id: str | None = None, target_id: str | None = None):
self._browser_session = browser_session
self._client = browser_session.cdp_client
self._session_id = session_id
self._target_id = target_id
async def click(self, x: int, y: int, button: 'MouseButton' = 'left', click_count: int = 1) -> None:
"""Click at the specified coordinates."""
# Mouse press
press_params: 'DispatchMouseEventParameters' = {
'type': 'mousePressed',
'x': x,
'y': y,
'button': button,
'clickCount': click_count,
}
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchMouseEvent(
press_params,
session_id=self._session_id,
)
# Mouse release
release_params: 'DispatchMouseEventParameters' = {
'type': 'mouseReleased',
'x': x,
'y': y,
'button': button,
'clickCount': click_count,
}
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchMouseEvent(
release_params,
session_id=self._session_id,
)
async def down(self, button: 'MouseButton' = 'left', click_count: int = 1) -> None:
"""Press mouse button down."""
params: 'DispatchMouseEventParameters' = {
'type': 'mousePressed',
'x': 0, # Will use last mouse position
'y': 0,
'button': button,
'clickCount': click_count,
}
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchMouseEvent(
params,
session_id=self._session_id,
)
async def up(self, button: 'MouseButton' = 'left', click_count: int = 1) -> None:
"""Release mouse button."""
params: 'DispatchMouseEventParameters' = {
'type': 'mouseReleased',
'x': 0, # Will use last mouse position
'y': 0,
'button': button,
'clickCount': click_count,
}
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchMouseEvent(
params,
session_id=self._session_id,
)
async def move(self, x: int, y: int, steps: int = 1) -> None:
"""Move mouse to the specified coordinates."""
# TODO: Implement smooth movement with multiple steps if needed
_ = steps # Acknowledge parameter for future use
params: 'DispatchMouseEventParameters' = {'type': 'mouseMoved', 'x': x, 'y': y}
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchMouseEvent(params, session_id=self._session_id)
async def scroll(self, x: int = 0, y: int = 0, delta_x: int | None = None, delta_y: int | None = None) -> None:
"""Scroll the page using robust CDP methods."""
if not self._session_id:
raise RuntimeError('Session ID is required for scroll operations')
# Method 1: Try mouse wheel event (most reliable)
try:
# Get viewport dimensions
layout_metrics = await self._client.send.Page.getLayoutMetrics(session_id=self._session_id)
viewport_width = layout_metrics['layoutViewport']['clientWidth']
viewport_height = layout_metrics['layoutViewport']['clientHeight']
# Use provided coordinates or center of viewport
scroll_x = x if x > 0 else viewport_width / 2
scroll_y = y if y > 0 else viewport_height / 2
# Calculate scroll deltas (positive = down/right)
scroll_delta_x = delta_x or 0
scroll_delta_y = delta_y or 0
# Dispatch mouse wheel event
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchMouseEvent(
params={
'type': 'mouseWheel',
'x': scroll_x,
'y': scroll_y,
'deltaX': scroll_delta_x,
'deltaY': scroll_delta_y,
},
session_id=self._session_id,
)
return
except Exception:
pass
# Method 2: Fallback to synthesizeScrollGesture
try:
params: 'SynthesizeScrollGestureParameters' = {'x': x, 'y': y, 'xDistance': delta_x or 0, 'yDistance': delta_y or 0}
await self._client.send.Input.synthesizeScrollGesture(
params,
session_id=self._session_id,
)
except Exception:
# Method 3: JavaScript fallback
scroll_js = f'window.scrollBy({delta_x or 0}, {delta_y or 0})'
await self._client.send.Runtime.evaluate(
params={'expression': scroll_js, 'returnByValue': True},
session_id=self._session_id,
)

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"""Page class for page-level operations."""
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar
from pydantic import BaseModel
from browser_use import logger
from browser_use.actor.utils import get_key_info
from browser_use.dom.serializer.serializer import DOMTreeSerializer
from browser_use.dom.service import DomService
from browser_use.llm.messages import SystemMessage, UserMessage
T = TypeVar('T', bound=BaseModel)
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from cdp_use.cdp.dom.commands import (
DescribeNodeParameters,
QuerySelectorAllParameters,
)
from cdp_use.cdp.emulation.commands import SetDeviceMetricsOverrideParameters
from cdp_use.cdp.input.commands import (
DispatchKeyEventParameters,
)
from cdp_use.cdp.page.commands import CaptureScreenshotParameters, NavigateParameters, NavigateToHistoryEntryParameters
from cdp_use.cdp.runtime.commands import EvaluateParameters
from cdp_use.cdp.target.commands import (
AttachToTargetParameters,
GetTargetInfoParameters,
)
from cdp_use.cdp.target.types import TargetInfo
from browser_use.browser.session import BrowserSession
from browser_use.llm.base import BaseChatModel
from .element import Element
from .mouse import Mouse
class Page:
"""Page operations (tab or iframe)."""
def __init__(
self, browser_session: 'BrowserSession', target_id: str, session_id: str | None = None, llm: 'BaseChatModel | None' = None
):
self._browser_session = browser_session
self._client = browser_session.cdp_client
self._target_id = target_id
self._session_id: str | None = session_id
self._mouse: 'Mouse | None' = None
self._llm = llm
async def _ensure_session(self) -> str:
"""Ensure we have a session ID for this target."""
if not self._session_id:
params: 'AttachToTargetParameters' = {'targetId': self._target_id, 'flatten': True}
result = await self._client.send.Target.attachToTarget(params)
self._session_id = result['sessionId']
# Enable necessary domains
import asyncio
await asyncio.gather(
self._client.send.Page.enable(session_id=self._session_id),
self._client.send.DOM.enable(session_id=self._session_id),
self._client.send.Runtime.enable(session_id=self._session_id),
self._client.send.Network.enable(session_id=self._session_id),
)
return self._session_id
@property
async def session_id(self) -> str:
"""Get the session ID for this target.
@dev Pass this to an arbitrary CDP call
"""
return await self._ensure_session()
@property
async def mouse(self) -> 'Mouse':
"""Get the mouse interface for this target."""
if not self._mouse:
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
from .mouse import Mouse
self._mouse = Mouse(self._browser_session, session_id, self._target_id)
return self._mouse
async def reload(self) -> None:
"""Reload the target."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
await self._client.send.Page.reload(session_id=session_id)
async def get_element(self, backend_node_id: int) -> 'Element':
"""Get an element by its backend node ID."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
from .element import Element as Element_
return Element_(self._browser_session, backend_node_id, session_id)
async def evaluate(self, page_function: str, *args) -> str:
"""Execute JavaScript in the target.
Args:
page_function: JavaScript code that MUST start with (...args) => format
*args: Arguments to pass to the function
Returns:
String representation of the JavaScript execution result.
Objects and arrays are JSON-stringified.
"""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
# Clean and fix common JavaScript string parsing issues
page_function = self._fix_javascript_string(page_function)
# Enforce arrow function format
if not (page_function.startswith('(') and '=>' in page_function):
raise ValueError(f'JavaScript code must start with (...args) => format. Got: {page_function[:50]}...')
# Build the expression - call the arrow function with provided args
if args:
# Convert args to JSON representation for safe passing
import json
arg_strs = [json.dumps(arg) for arg in args]
expression = f'({page_function})({", ".join(arg_strs)})'
else:
expression = f'({page_function})()'
# Debug: log the actual expression being evaluated
logger.debug(f'Evaluating JavaScript: {repr(expression)}')
params: 'EvaluateParameters' = {'expression': expression, 'returnByValue': True, 'awaitPromise': True}
result = await self._client.send.Runtime.evaluate(
params,
session_id=session_id,
)
if 'exceptionDetails' in result:
raise RuntimeError(f'JavaScript evaluation failed: {result["exceptionDetails"]}')
value = result.get('result', {}).get('value')
# Always return string representation
if value is None:
return ''
elif isinstance(value, str):
return value
else:
# Convert objects, numbers, booleans to string
import json
try:
return json.dumps(value) if isinstance(value, (dict, list)) else str(value)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
return str(value)
def _fix_javascript_string(self, js_code: str) -> str:
"""Fix common JavaScript string parsing issues when written as Python string."""
# Just do minimal, safe cleaning
js_code = js_code.strip()
# Only fix the most common and safe issues:
# 1. Remove obvious Python string wrapper quotes if they exist
if (js_code.startswith('"') and js_code.endswith('"')) or (js_code.startswith("'") and js_code.endswith("'")):
# Check if it's a wrapped string (not part of JS syntax)
inner = js_code[1:-1]
if inner.count('"') + inner.count("'") == 0 or '() =>' in inner:
js_code = inner
# 2. Only fix clearly escaped quotes that shouldn't be
# But be very conservative - only if we're sure it's a Python string artifact
if '\\"' in js_code and js_code.count('\\"') > js_code.count('"'):
js_code = js_code.replace('\\"', '"')
if "\\'" in js_code and js_code.count("\\'") > js_code.count("'"):
js_code = js_code.replace("\\'", "'")
# 3. Basic whitespace normalization only
js_code = js_code.strip()
# Final validation - ensure it's not empty
if not js_code:
raise ValueError('JavaScript code is empty after cleaning')
return js_code
async def screenshot(self, format: str = 'png', quality: int | None = None) -> str:
"""Take a screenshot and return base64 encoded image.
Args:
format: Image format ('jpeg', 'png', 'webp')
quality: Quality 0-100 for JPEG format
Returns:
Base64-encoded image data
"""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
params: 'CaptureScreenshotParameters' = {'format': format}
if quality is not None and format.lower() == 'jpeg':
params['quality'] = quality
result = await self._client.send.Page.captureScreenshot(params, session_id=session_id)
return result['data']
async def press(self, key: str) -> None:
"""Press a key on the page (sends keyboard input to the focused element or page)."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
# Handle key combinations like "Control+A"
if '+' in key:
parts = key.split('+')
modifiers = parts[:-1]
main_key = parts[-1]
# Calculate modifier bitmask
modifier_value = 0
modifier_map = {'Alt': 1, 'Control': 2, 'Meta': 4, 'Shift': 8}
for mod in modifiers:
modifier_value |= modifier_map.get(mod, 0)
# Press modifier keys
for mod in modifiers:
code, vk_code = get_key_info(mod)
params: 'DispatchKeyEventParameters' = {'type': 'keyDown', 'key': mod, 'code': code}
if vk_code is not None:
params['windowsVirtualKeyCode'] = vk_code
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchKeyEvent(params, session_id=session_id)
# Press main key with modifiers bitmask
main_code, main_vk_code = get_key_info(main_key)
main_down_params: 'DispatchKeyEventParameters' = {
'type': 'keyDown',
'key': main_key,
'code': main_code,
'modifiers': modifier_value,
}
if main_vk_code is not None:
main_down_params['windowsVirtualKeyCode'] = main_vk_code
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchKeyEvent(main_down_params, session_id=session_id)
main_up_params: 'DispatchKeyEventParameters' = {
'type': 'keyUp',
'key': main_key,
'code': main_code,
'modifiers': modifier_value,
}
if main_vk_code is not None:
main_up_params['windowsVirtualKeyCode'] = main_vk_code
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchKeyEvent(main_up_params, session_id=session_id)
# Release modifier keys
for mod in reversed(modifiers):
code, vk_code = get_key_info(mod)
release_params: 'DispatchKeyEventParameters' = {'type': 'keyUp', 'key': mod, 'code': code}
if vk_code is not None:
release_params['windowsVirtualKeyCode'] = vk_code
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchKeyEvent(release_params, session_id=session_id)
else:
# Simple key press
code, vk_code = get_key_info(key)
key_down_params: 'DispatchKeyEventParameters' = {'type': 'keyDown', 'key': key, 'code': code}
if vk_code is not None:
key_down_params['windowsVirtualKeyCode'] = vk_code
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchKeyEvent(key_down_params, session_id=session_id)
key_up_params: 'DispatchKeyEventParameters' = {'type': 'keyUp', 'key': key, 'code': code}
if vk_code is not None:
key_up_params['windowsVirtualKeyCode'] = vk_code
await self._client.send.Input.dispatchKeyEvent(key_up_params, session_id=session_id)
async def set_viewport_size(self, width: int, height: int) -> None:
"""Set the viewport size."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
params: 'SetDeviceMetricsOverrideParameters' = {
'width': width,
'height': height,
'deviceScaleFactor': 1.0,
'mobile': False,
}
await self._client.send.Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride(
params,
session_id=session_id,
)
# Target properties (from CDP getTargetInfo)
async def get_target_info(self) -> 'TargetInfo':
"""Get target information."""
params: 'GetTargetInfoParameters' = {'targetId': self._target_id}
result = await self._client.send.Target.getTargetInfo(params)
return result['targetInfo']
async def get_url(self) -> str:
"""Get the current URL."""
info = await self.get_target_info()
return info.get('url', '')
async def get_title(self) -> str:
"""Get the current title."""
info = await self.get_target_info()
return info.get('title', '')
async def goto(self, url: str) -> None:
"""Navigate this target to a URL."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
params: 'NavigateParameters' = {'url': url}
await self._client.send.Page.navigate(params, session_id=session_id)
async def navigate(self, url: str) -> None:
"""Alias for goto."""
await self.goto(url)
async def go_back(self) -> None:
"""Navigate back in history."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
try:
# Get navigation history
history = await self._client.send.Page.getNavigationHistory(session_id=session_id)
current_index = history['currentIndex']
entries = history['entries']
# Check if we can go back
if current_index <= 0:
raise RuntimeError('Cannot go back - no previous entry in history')
# Navigate to the previous entry
previous_entry_id = entries[current_index - 1]['id']
params: 'NavigateToHistoryEntryParameters' = {'entryId': previous_entry_id}
await self._client.send.Page.navigateToHistoryEntry(params, session_id=session_id)
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f'Failed to navigate back: {e}')
async def go_forward(self) -> None:
"""Navigate forward in history."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
try:
# Get navigation history
history = await self._client.send.Page.getNavigationHistory(session_id=session_id)
current_index = history['currentIndex']
entries = history['entries']
# Check if we can go forward
if current_index >= len(entries) - 1:
raise RuntimeError('Cannot go forward - no next entry in history')
# Navigate to the next entry
next_entry_id = entries[current_index + 1]['id']
params: 'NavigateToHistoryEntryParameters' = {'entryId': next_entry_id}
await self._client.send.Page.navigateToHistoryEntry(params, session_id=session_id)
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f'Failed to navigate forward: {e}')
# Element finding methods (these would need to be implemented based on DOM queries)
async def get_elements_by_css_selector(self, selector: str) -> list['Element']:
"""Get elements by CSS selector."""
session_id = await self._ensure_session()
# Get document first
doc_result = await self._client.send.DOM.getDocument(session_id=session_id)
document_node_id = doc_result['root']['nodeId']
# Query selector all
query_params: 'QuerySelectorAllParameters' = {'nodeId': document_node_id, 'selector': selector}
result = await self._client.send.DOM.querySelectorAll(query_params, session_id=session_id)
elements = []
from .element import Element as Element_
# Convert node IDs to backend node IDs
for node_id in result['nodeIds']:
# Get backend node ID
describe_params: 'DescribeNodeParameters' = {'nodeId': node_id}
node_result = await self._client.send.DOM.describeNode(describe_params, session_id=session_id)
backend_node_id = node_result['node']['backendNodeId']
elements.append(Element_(self._browser_session, backend_node_id, session_id))
return elements
# AI METHODS
@property
def dom_service(self) -> 'DomService':
"""Get the DOM service for this target."""
return DomService(self._browser_session)
async def get_element_by_prompt(self, prompt: str, llm: 'BaseChatModel | None' = None) -> 'Element | None':
"""Get an element by a prompt."""
await self._ensure_session()
llm = llm or self._llm
if not llm:
raise ValueError('LLM not provided')
dom_service = self.dom_service
# Lazy fetch all_frames inside get_dom_tree if needed (for cross-origin iframes)
enhanced_dom_tree, _ = await dom_service.get_dom_tree(target_id=self._target_id, all_frames=None)
session_id = self._browser_session.id
serialized_dom_state, _ = DOMTreeSerializer(
enhanced_dom_tree, None, paint_order_filtering=True, session_id=session_id
).serialize_accessible_elements()
llm_representation = serialized_dom_state.llm_representation()
system_message = SystemMessage(
content="""You are an AI created to find an element on a page by a prompt.
<browser_state>
Interactive Elements: All interactive elements will be provided in format as [index]<type>text</type> where
- index: Numeric identifier for interaction
- type: HTML element type (button, input, etc.)
- text: Element description
Examples:
[33]<div>User form</div>
[35]<button aria-label='Submit form'>Submit</button>
Note that:
- Only elements with numeric indexes in [] are interactive
- (stacked) indentation (with \t) is important and means that the element is a (html) child of the element above (with a lower index)
- Pure text elements without [] are not interactive.
</browser_state>
Your task is to find an element index (if any) that matches the prompt (written in <prompt> tag).
If non of the elements matches the, return None.
Before you return the element index, reason about the state and elements for a sentence or two."""
)
state_message = UserMessage(
content=f"""
<browser_state>
{llm_representation}
</browser_state>
<prompt>
{prompt}
</prompt>
"""
)
class ElementResponse(BaseModel):
# thinking: str
element_highlight_index: int | None
llm_response = await llm.ainvoke(
[
system_message,
state_message,
],
output_format=ElementResponse,
)
element_highlight_index = llm_response.completion.element_highlight_index
if element_highlight_index is None or element_highlight_index not in serialized_dom_state.selector_map:
return None
element = serialized_dom_state.selector_map[element_highlight_index]
from .element import Element as Element_
return Element_(self._browser_session, element.backend_node_id, self._session_id)
async def must_get_element_by_prompt(self, prompt: str, llm: 'BaseChatModel | None' = None) -> 'Element':
"""Get an element by a prompt.
@dev LLM can still return None, this just raises an error if the element is not found.
"""
element = await self.get_element_by_prompt(prompt, llm)
if element is None:
raise ValueError(f'No element found for prompt: {prompt}')
return element
async def extract_content(self, prompt: str, structured_output: type[T], llm: 'BaseChatModel | None' = None) -> T:
"""Extract structured content from the current page using LLM.
Extracts clean markdown from the page and sends it to LLM for structured data extraction.
Args:
prompt: Description of what content to extract
structured_output: Pydantic BaseModel class defining the expected output structure
llm: Language model to use for extraction
Returns:
The structured BaseModel instance with extracted content
"""
llm = llm or self._llm
if not llm:
raise ValueError('LLM not provided')
# Extract clean markdown using the same method as in tools/service.py
try:
content, content_stats = await self._extract_clean_markdown()
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f'Could not extract clean markdown: {type(e).__name__}')
# System prompt for structured extraction
system_prompt = """
You are an expert at extracting structured data from the markdown of a webpage.
<input>
You will be given a query and the markdown of a webpage that has been filtered to remove noise and advertising content.
</input>
<instructions>
- You are tasked to extract information from the webpage that is relevant to the query.
- You should ONLY use the information available in the webpage to answer the query. Do not make up information or provide guess from your own knowledge.
- If the information relevant to the query is not available in the page, your response should mention that.
- If the query asks for all items, products, etc., make sure to directly list all of them.
- Return the extracted content in the exact structured format specified.
</instructions>
<output>
- Your output should present ALL the information relevant to the query in the specified structured format.
- Do not answer in conversational format - directly output the relevant information in the structured format.
</output>
""".strip()
# Build prompt with just query and content
prompt_content = f'<query>\n{prompt}\n</query>\n\n<webpage_content>\n{content}\n</webpage_content>'
# Send to LLM with structured output
import asyncio
try:
response = await asyncio.wait_for(
llm.ainvoke(
[SystemMessage(content=system_prompt), UserMessage(content=prompt_content)], output_format=structured_output
),
timeout=120.0,
)
# Return the structured output BaseModel instance
return response.completion
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(str(e))
async def _extract_clean_markdown(self, extract_links: bool = False) -> tuple[str, dict]:
"""Extract clean markdown from the current page using enhanced DOM tree.
Uses the shared markdown extractor for consistency with tools/service.py.
"""
from browser_use.dom.markdown_extractor import extract_clean_markdown
dom_service = self.dom_service
return await extract_clean_markdown(dom_service=dom_service, target_id=self._target_id, extract_links=extract_links)

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import asyncio
from browser_use import Agent, Browser, ChatOpenAI
llm = ChatOpenAI('gpt-4.1-mini')
async def main():
"""
Main function demonstrating mixed automation with Browser-Use and Playwright.
"""
print('🚀 Mixed Automation with Browser-Use and Actor API')
browser = Browser(keep_alive=True)
await browser.start()
page = await browser.get_current_page() or await browser.new_page()
# Go to apple wikipedia page
await page.goto('https://www.google.com/travel/flights')
await asyncio.sleep(1)
round_trip_button = await page.must_get_element_by_prompt('round trip button', llm)
await round_trip_button.click()
one_way_button = await page.must_get_element_by_prompt('one way button', llm)
await one_way_button.click()
await asyncio.sleep(1)
agent = Agent(task='Find the cheapest flight from London to Paris on 2025-10-15', llm=llm, browser_session=browser)
await agent.run()
input('Press Enter to continue...')
await browser.stop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
asyncio.run(main())

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import asyncio
from pydantic import BaseModel
from browser_use import Browser, ChatOpenAI
TASK = """
On the current wikipedia page, find the latest huge edit and tell me what is was about.
"""
class LatestEditFinder(BaseModel):
"""Find the latest huge edit on the current wikipedia page."""
latest_edit: str
edit_time: str
edit_author: str
edit_summary: str
edit_url: str
llm = ChatOpenAI('gpt-4.1-mini')
async def main():
"""
Main function demonstrating mixed automation with Browser-Use and Playwright.
"""
print('🚀 Mixed Automation with Browser-Use and Actor API')
browser = Browser(keep_alive=True)
await browser.start()
page = await browser.get_current_page() or await browser.new_page()
# Go to apple wikipedia page
await page.goto('https://browser-use.github.io/stress-tests/challenges/angularjs-form.html')
await asyncio.sleep(1)
element = await page.get_element_by_prompt('zip code input', llm)
print('Element found', element)
if element:
await element.click()
else:
print('No element found')
await browser.stop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
asyncio.run(main())

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Playground script to test the browser-use actor API.
This script demonstrates:
- Starting a browser session
- Using the actor API to navigate and interact
- Finding elements, clicking, scrolling, JavaScript evaluation
- Testing most of the available methods
"""
import asyncio
import json
import logging
from browser_use import Browser
# Configure logging to see what's happening
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
async def main():
"""Main playground function."""
logger.info('🚀 Starting browser actor playground')
# Create browser session
browser = Browser()
try:
# Start the browser
await browser.start()
logger.info('✅ Browser session started')
# Navigate to Wikipedia using integrated methods
logger.info('📖 Navigating to Wikipedia...')
page = await browser.new_page('https://en.wikipedia.org')
# Get basic page info
url = await page.get_url()
title = await page.get_title()
logger.info(f'📄 Page loaded: {title} ({url})')
# Take a screenshot
logger.info('📸 Taking initial screenshot...')
screenshot_b64 = await page.screenshot()
logger.info(f'📸 Screenshot captured: {len(screenshot_b64)} bytes')
# Set viewport size
logger.info('🖥️ Setting viewport to 1920x1080...')
await page.set_viewport_size(1920, 1080)
# Execute some JavaScript to count links
logger.info('🔍 Counting article links using JavaScript...')
js_code = """() => {
// Find all article links on the page
const links = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('a[href*="/wiki/"]:not([href*=":"])'))
.filter(link => !link.href.includes('Main_Page') && !link.href.includes('Special:'));
return {
total: links.length,
sample: links.slice(0, 3).map(link => ({
href: link.href,
text: link.textContent.trim()
}))
};
}"""
link_info = json.loads(await page.evaluate(js_code))
logger.info(f'🔗 Found {link_info["total"]} article links')
# Try to find and interact with links using CSS selector
try:
# Find article links on the page
links = await page.get_elements_by_css_selector('a[href*="/wiki/"]:not([href*=":"])')
if links:
logger.info(f'📋 Found {len(links)} wiki links via CSS selector')
# Pick the first link
link_element = links[0]
# Get link info using available methods
basic_info = await link_element.get_basic_info()
link_href = await link_element.get_attribute('href')
logger.info(f'🎯 Selected element: <{basic_info["nodeName"]}>')
logger.info(f'🔗 Link href: {link_href}')
if basic_info['boundingBox']:
bbox = basic_info['boundingBox']
logger.info(f'📏 Position: ({bbox["x"]}, {bbox["y"]}) Size: {bbox["width"]}x{bbox["height"]}')
# Test element interactions with robust implementations
logger.info('👆 Hovering over the element...')
await link_element.hover()
await asyncio.sleep(1)
logger.info('🔍 Focusing the element...')
await link_element.focus()
await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
# Click the link using robust click method
logger.info('🖱️ Clicking the link with robust fallbacks...')
await link_element.click()
# Wait for navigation
await asyncio.sleep(3)
# Get new page info
new_url = await page.get_url()
new_title = await page.get_title()
logger.info(f'📄 Navigated to: {new_title}')
logger.info(f'🌐 New URL: {new_url}')
else:
logger.warning('❌ No links found to interact with')
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f'⚠️ Link interaction failed: {e}')
# Scroll down the page
logger.info('📜 Scrolling down the page...')
mouse = await page.mouse
await mouse.scroll(x=0, y=100, delta_y=500)
await asyncio.sleep(1)
# Test mouse operations
logger.info('🖱️ Testing mouse operations...')
await mouse.move(x=100, y=200)
await mouse.click(x=150, y=250)
# Execute more JavaScript examples
logger.info('🧪 Testing JavaScript evaluation...')
# Simple expressions
page_height = await page.evaluate('() => document.body.scrollHeight')
current_scroll = await page.evaluate('() => window.pageYOffset')
logger.info(f'📏 Page height: {page_height}px, current scroll: {current_scroll}px')
# JavaScript with arguments
result = await page.evaluate('(x) => x * 2', 21)
logger.info(f'🧮 JavaScript with args: 21 * 2 = {result}')
# More complex JavaScript
page_stats = json.loads(
await page.evaluate("""() => {
return {
url: window.location.href,
title: document.title,
links: document.querySelectorAll('a').length,
images: document.querySelectorAll('img').length,
scrollTop: window.pageYOffset,
viewportHeight: window.innerHeight
};
}""")
)
logger.info(f'📊 Page stats: {page_stats}')
# Get page title using different methods
title_via_js = await page.evaluate('() => document.title')
title_via_api = await page.get_title()
logger.info(f'📝 Title via JS: "{title_via_js}"')
logger.info(f'📝 Title via API: "{title_via_api}"')
# Take a final screenshot
logger.info('📸 Taking final screenshot...')
final_screenshot = await page.screenshot()
logger.info(f'📸 Final screenshot: {len(final_screenshot)} bytes')
# Test browser navigation with error handling
logger.info('⬅️ Testing browser back navigation...')
try:
await page.go_back()
await asyncio.sleep(2)
back_url = await page.get_url()
back_title = await page.get_title()
logger.info(f'📄 After going back: {back_title}')
logger.info(f'🌐 Back URL: {back_url}')
except RuntimeError as e:
logger.info(f' Navigation back failed as expected: {e}')
# Test creating new page
logger.info('🆕 Creating new blank page...')
new_page = await browser.new_page()
new_page_url = await new_page.get_url()
logger.info(f'🆕 New page created with URL: {new_page_url}')
# Get all pages
all_pages = await browser.get_pages()
logger.info(f'📑 Total pages: {len(all_pages)}')
# Test form interaction if we can find a form
try:
# Look for search input on the page
search_inputs = await page.get_elements_by_css_selector('input[type="search"], input[name*="search"]')
if search_inputs:
search_input = search_inputs[0]
logger.info('🔍 Found search input, testing form interaction...')
await search_input.focus()
await search_input.fill('test search query')
await page.press('Enter')
logger.info('✅ Form interaction test completed')
else:
logger.info(' No search inputs found for form testing')
except Exception as e:
logger.info(f' Form interaction test skipped: {e}')
# wait 2 seconds before closing the new page
logger.info('🕒 Waiting 2 seconds before closing the new page...')
await asyncio.sleep(2)
logger.info('🗑️ Closing new page...')
await browser.close_page(new_page)
logger.info('✅ Playground completed successfully!')
input('Press Enter to continue...')
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'❌ Error in playground: {e}', exc_info=True)
finally:
# Clean up
logger.info('🧹 Cleaning up...')
try:
await browser.stop()
logger.info('✅ Browser session stopped')
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'❌ Error stopping browser: {e}')
if __name__ == '__main__':
asyncio.run(main())

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"""Utility functions for actor operations."""
class Utils:
"""Utility functions for actor operations."""
@staticmethod
def get_key_info(key: str) -> tuple[str, int | None]:
"""Get the code and windowsVirtualKeyCode for a key.
Args:
key: Key name (e.g., 'Enter', 'ArrowUp', 'a', 'A')
Returns:
Tuple of (code, windowsVirtualKeyCode)
Reference: Windows Virtual Key Codes
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/virtual-key-codes
"""
# Complete mapping of key names to (code, virtualKeyCode)
# Based on standard Windows Virtual Key Codes
key_map = {
# Navigation keys
'Backspace': ('Backspace', 8),
'Tab': ('Tab', 9),
'Enter': ('Enter', 13),
'Escape': ('Escape', 27),
'Space': ('Space', 32),
' ': ('Space', 32),
'PageUp': ('PageUp', 33),
'PageDown': ('PageDown', 34),
'End': ('End', 35),
'Home': ('Home', 36),
'ArrowLeft': ('ArrowLeft', 37),
'ArrowUp': ('ArrowUp', 38),
'ArrowRight': ('ArrowRight', 39),
'ArrowDown': ('ArrowDown', 40),
'Insert': ('Insert', 45),
'Delete': ('Delete', 46),
# Modifier keys
'Shift': ('ShiftLeft', 16),
'ShiftLeft': ('ShiftLeft', 16),
'ShiftRight': ('ShiftRight', 16),
'Control': ('ControlLeft', 17),
'ControlLeft': ('ControlLeft', 17),
'ControlRight': ('ControlRight', 17),
'Alt': ('AltLeft', 18),
'AltLeft': ('AltLeft', 18),
'AltRight': ('AltRight', 18),
'Meta': ('MetaLeft', 91),
'MetaLeft': ('MetaLeft', 91),
'MetaRight': ('MetaRight', 92),
# Function keys F1-F24
'F1': ('F1', 112),
'F2': ('F2', 113),
'F3': ('F3', 114),
'F4': ('F4', 115),
'F5': ('F5', 116),
'F6': ('F6', 117),
'F7': ('F7', 118),
'F8': ('F8', 119),
'F9': ('F9', 120),
'F10': ('F10', 121),
'F11': ('F11', 122),
'F12': ('F12', 123),
'F13': ('F13', 124),
'F14': ('F14', 125),
'F15': ('F15', 126),
'F16': ('F16', 127),
'F17': ('F17', 128),
'F18': ('F18', 129),
'F19': ('F19', 130),
'F20': ('F20', 131),
'F21': ('F21', 132),
'F22': ('F22', 133),
'F23': ('F23', 134),
'F24': ('F24', 135),
# Numpad keys
'NumLock': ('NumLock', 144),
'Numpad0': ('Numpad0', 96),
'Numpad1': ('Numpad1', 97),
'Numpad2': ('Numpad2', 98),
'Numpad3': ('Numpad3', 99),
'Numpad4': ('Numpad4', 100),
'Numpad5': ('Numpad5', 101),
'Numpad6': ('Numpad6', 102),
'Numpad7': ('Numpad7', 103),
'Numpad8': ('Numpad8', 104),
'Numpad9': ('Numpad9', 105),
'NumpadMultiply': ('NumpadMultiply', 106),
'NumpadAdd': ('NumpadAdd', 107),
'NumpadSubtract': ('NumpadSubtract', 109),
'NumpadDecimal': ('NumpadDecimal', 110),
'NumpadDivide': ('NumpadDivide', 111),
# Lock keys
'CapsLock': ('CapsLock', 20),
'ScrollLock': ('ScrollLock', 145),
# OEM/Punctuation keys (US keyboard layout)
'Semicolon': ('Semicolon', 186),
';': ('Semicolon', 186),
'Equal': ('Equal', 187),
'=': ('Equal', 187),
'Comma': ('Comma', 188),
',': ('Comma', 188),
'Minus': ('Minus', 189),
'-': ('Minus', 189),
'Period': ('Period', 190),
'.': ('Period', 190),
'Slash': ('Slash', 191),
'/': ('Slash', 191),
'Backquote': ('Backquote', 192),
'`': ('Backquote', 192),
'BracketLeft': ('BracketLeft', 219),
'[': ('BracketLeft', 219),
'Backslash': ('Backslash', 220),
'\\': ('Backslash', 220),
'BracketRight': ('BracketRight', 221),
']': ('BracketRight', 221),
'Quote': ('Quote', 222),
"'": ('Quote', 222),
# Media/Browser keys
'AudioVolumeMute': ('AudioVolumeMute', 173),
'AudioVolumeDown': ('AudioVolumeDown', 174),
'AudioVolumeUp': ('AudioVolumeUp', 175),
'MediaTrackNext': ('MediaTrackNext', 176),
'MediaTrackPrevious': ('MediaTrackPrevious', 177),
'MediaStop': ('MediaStop', 178),
'MediaPlayPause': ('MediaPlayPause', 179),
'BrowserBack': ('BrowserBack', 166),
'BrowserForward': ('BrowserForward', 167),
'BrowserRefresh': ('BrowserRefresh', 168),
'BrowserStop': ('BrowserStop', 169),
'BrowserSearch': ('BrowserSearch', 170),
'BrowserFavorites': ('BrowserFavorites', 171),
'BrowserHome': ('BrowserHome', 172),
# Additional common keys
'Clear': ('Clear', 12),
'Pause': ('Pause', 19),
'Select': ('Select', 41),
'Print': ('Print', 42),
'Execute': ('Execute', 43),
'PrintScreen': ('PrintScreen', 44),
'Help': ('Help', 47),
'ContextMenu': ('ContextMenu', 93),
}
if key in key_map:
return key_map[key]
# Handle alphanumeric keys dynamically
if len(key) == 1:
if key.isalpha():
# Letter keys: A-Z have VK codes 65-90
return (f'Key{key.upper()}', ord(key.upper()))
elif key.isdigit():
# Digit keys: 0-9 have VK codes 48-57 (same as ASCII)
return (f'Digit{key}', ord(key))
# Fallback: use the key name as code, no virtual key code
return (key, None)
# Backward compatibility: provide standalone function
def get_key_info(key: str) -> tuple[str, int | None]:
"""Get the code and windowsVirtualKeyCode for a key.
Args:
key: Key name (e.g., 'Enter', 'ArrowUp', 'a', 'A')
Returns:
Tuple of (code, windowsVirtualKeyCode)
Reference: Windows Virtual Key Codes
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/virtual-key-codes
"""
return Utils.get_key_info(key)

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import base64
import os
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
import anyio
from bubus import BaseEvent
from pydantic import Field, field_validator
from uuid_extensions import uuid7str
MAX_STRING_LENGTH = 500000 # 100K chars ~ 25k tokens should be enough
MAX_URL_LENGTH = 100000
MAX_TASK_LENGTH = 100000
MAX_COMMENT_LENGTH = 2000
MAX_FILE_CONTENT_SIZE = 50 * 1024 * 1024 # 50MB
class UpdateAgentTaskEvent(BaseEvent):
# Required fields for identification
id: str # The task ID to update
user_id: str = Field(max_length=255) # For authorization
device_id: str | None = Field(None, max_length=255) # Device ID for auth lookup
# Optional fields that can be updated
stopped: bool | None = None
paused: bool | None = None
done_output: str | None = Field(None, max_length=MAX_STRING_LENGTH)
finished_at: datetime | None = None
agent_state: dict | None = None
user_feedback_type: str | None = Field(None, max_length=10) # UserFeedbackType enum value as string
user_comment: str | None = Field(None, max_length=MAX_COMMENT_LENGTH)
gif_url: str | None = Field(None, max_length=MAX_URL_LENGTH)
@classmethod
def from_agent(cls, agent) -> 'UpdateAgentTaskEvent':
"""Create an UpdateAgentTaskEvent from an Agent instance"""
if not hasattr(agent, '_task_start_time'):
raise ValueError('Agent must have _task_start_time attribute')
done_output = agent.history.final_result() if agent.history else None
if done_output and len(done_output) > MAX_STRING_LENGTH:
done_output = done_output[:MAX_STRING_LENGTH]
return cls(
id=str(agent.task_id),
user_id='', # To be filled by cloud handler
device_id=agent.cloud_sync.auth_client.device_id
if hasattr(agent, 'cloud_sync') and agent.cloud_sync and agent.cloud_sync.auth_client
else None,
stopped=agent.state.stopped if hasattr(agent.state, 'stopped') else False,
paused=agent.state.paused if hasattr(agent.state, 'paused') else False,
done_output=done_output,
finished_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc) if agent.history and agent.history.is_done() else None,
agent_state=agent.state.model_dump() if hasattr(agent.state, 'model_dump') else {},
user_feedback_type=None,
user_comment=None,
gif_url=None,
# user_feedback_type and user_comment would be set by the API/frontend
# gif_url would be set after GIF generation if needed
)
class CreateAgentOutputFileEvent(BaseEvent):
# Model fields
id: str = Field(default_factory=uuid7str)
user_id: str = Field(max_length=255)
device_id: str | None = Field(None, max_length=255) # Device ID for auth lookup
task_id: str
file_name: str = Field(max_length=255)
file_content: str | None = None # Base64 encoded file content
content_type: str | None = Field(None, max_length=100) # MIME type for file uploads
created_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
@field_validator('file_content')
@classmethod
def validate_file_size(cls, v: str | None) -> str | None:
"""Validate base64 file content size."""
if v is None:
return v
# Remove data URL prefix if present
if ',' in v:
v = v.split(',')[1]
# Estimate decoded size (base64 is ~33% larger)
estimated_size = len(v) * 3 / 4
if estimated_size > MAX_FILE_CONTENT_SIZE:
raise ValueError(f'File content exceeds maximum size of {MAX_FILE_CONTENT_SIZE / 1024 / 1024}MB')
return v
@classmethod
async def from_agent_and_file(cls, agent, output_path: str) -> 'CreateAgentOutputFileEvent':
"""Create a CreateAgentOutputFileEvent from a file path"""
gif_path = Path(output_path)
if not gif_path.exists():
raise FileNotFoundError(f'File not found: {output_path}')
gif_size = os.path.getsize(gif_path)
# Read GIF content for base64 encoding if needed
gif_content = None
if gif_size < 50 * 1024 * 1024: # Only read if < 50MB
async with await anyio.open_file(gif_path, 'rb') as f:
gif_bytes = await f.read()
gif_content = base64.b64encode(gif_bytes).decode('utf-8')
return cls(
user_id='', # To be filled by cloud handler
device_id=agent.cloud_sync.auth_client.device_id
if hasattr(agent, 'cloud_sync') and agent.cloud_sync and agent.cloud_sync.auth_client
else None,
task_id=str(agent.task_id),
file_name=gif_path.name,
file_content=gif_content, # Base64 encoded
content_type='image/gif',
)
class CreateAgentStepEvent(BaseEvent):
# Model fields
id: str = Field(default_factory=uuid7str)
user_id: str = Field(max_length=255) # Added for authorization checks
device_id: str | None = Field(None, max_length=255) # Device ID for auth lookup
created_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
agent_task_id: str
step: int
evaluation_previous_goal: str = Field(max_length=MAX_STRING_LENGTH)
memory: str = Field(max_length=MAX_STRING_LENGTH)
next_goal: str = Field(max_length=MAX_STRING_LENGTH)
actions: list[dict]
screenshot_url: str | None = Field(None, max_length=MAX_FILE_CONTENT_SIZE) # ~50MB for base64 images
url: str = Field(default='', max_length=MAX_URL_LENGTH)
@field_validator('screenshot_url')
@classmethod
def validate_screenshot_size(cls, v: str | None) -> str | None:
"""Validate screenshot URL or base64 content size."""
if v is None or not v.startswith('data:'):
return v
# It's base64 data, check size
if ',' in v:
base64_part = v.split(',')[1]
estimated_size = len(base64_part) * 3 / 4
if estimated_size > MAX_FILE_CONTENT_SIZE:
raise ValueError(f'Screenshot content exceeds maximum size of {MAX_FILE_CONTENT_SIZE / 1024 / 1024}MB')
return v
@classmethod
def from_agent_step(
cls, agent, model_output, result: list, actions_data: list[dict], browser_state_summary
) -> 'CreateAgentStepEvent':
"""Create a CreateAgentStepEvent from agent step data"""
# Get first action details if available
first_action = model_output.action[0] if model_output.action else None
# Extract current state from model output
current_state = model_output.current_state if hasattr(model_output, 'current_state') else None
# Capture screenshot as base64 data URL if available
screenshot_url = None
if browser_state_summary.screenshot:
screenshot_url = f'data:image/png;base64,{browser_state_summary.screenshot}'
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.debug(f'📸 Including screenshot in CreateAgentStepEvent, length: {len(browser_state_summary.screenshot)}')
else:
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.debug('📸 No screenshot in browser_state_summary for CreateAgentStepEvent')
return cls(
user_id='', # To be filled by cloud handler
device_id=agent.cloud_sync.auth_client.device_id
if hasattr(agent, 'cloud_sync') and agent.cloud_sync and agent.cloud_sync.auth_client
else None,
agent_task_id=str(agent.task_id),
step=agent.state.n_steps,
evaluation_previous_goal=current_state.evaluation_previous_goal if current_state else '',
memory=current_state.memory if current_state else '',
next_goal=current_state.next_goal if current_state else '',
actions=actions_data, # List of action dicts
url=browser_state_summary.url,
screenshot_url=screenshot_url,
)
class CreateAgentTaskEvent(BaseEvent):
# Model fields
id: str = Field(default_factory=uuid7str)
user_id: str = Field(max_length=255) # Added for authorization checks
device_id: str | None = Field(None, max_length=255) # Device ID for auth lookup
agent_session_id: str
llm_model: str = Field(max_length=200) # LLMModel enum value as string
stopped: bool = False
paused: bool = False
task: str = Field(max_length=MAX_TASK_LENGTH)
done_output: str | None = Field(None, max_length=MAX_STRING_LENGTH)
scheduled_task_id: str | None = None
started_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
finished_at: datetime | None = None
agent_state: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
user_feedback_type: str | None = Field(None, max_length=10) # UserFeedbackType enum value as string
user_comment: str | None = Field(None, max_length=MAX_COMMENT_LENGTH)
gif_url: str | None = Field(None, max_length=MAX_URL_LENGTH)
@classmethod
def from_agent(cls, agent) -> 'CreateAgentTaskEvent':
"""Create a CreateAgentTaskEvent from an Agent instance"""
return cls(
id=str(agent.task_id),
user_id='', # To be filled by cloud handler
device_id=agent.cloud_sync.auth_client.device_id
if hasattr(agent, 'cloud_sync') and agent.cloud_sync and agent.cloud_sync.auth_client
else None,
agent_session_id=str(agent.session_id),
task=agent.task,
llm_model=agent.llm.model_name,
agent_state=agent.state.model_dump() if hasattr(agent.state, 'model_dump') else {},
stopped=False,
paused=False,
done_output=None,
started_at=datetime.fromtimestamp(agent._task_start_time, tz=timezone.utc),
finished_at=None,
user_feedback_type=None,
user_comment=None,
gif_url=None,
)
class CreateAgentSessionEvent(BaseEvent):
# Model fields
id: str = Field(default_factory=uuid7str)
user_id: str = Field(max_length=255)
device_id: str | None = Field(None, max_length=255) # Device ID for auth lookup
browser_session_id: str = Field(max_length=255)
browser_session_live_url: str = Field(max_length=MAX_URL_LENGTH)
browser_session_cdp_url: str = Field(max_length=MAX_URL_LENGTH)
browser_session_stopped: bool = False
browser_session_stopped_at: datetime | None = None
is_source_api: bool | None = None
browser_state: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
browser_session_data: dict | None = None
@classmethod
def from_agent(cls, agent) -> 'CreateAgentSessionEvent':
"""Create a CreateAgentSessionEvent from an Agent instance"""
return cls(
id=str(agent.session_id),
user_id='', # To be filled by cloud handler
device_id=agent.cloud_sync.auth_client.device_id
if hasattr(agent, 'cloud_sync') and agent.cloud_sync and agent.cloud_sync.auth_client
else None,
browser_session_id=agent.browser_session.id,
browser_session_live_url='', # To be filled by cloud handler
browser_session_cdp_url='', # To be filled by cloud handler
browser_state={
'viewport': agent.browser_profile.viewport if agent.browser_profile else {'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
'user_agent': agent.browser_profile.user_agent if agent.browser_profile else None,
'headless': agent.browser_profile.headless if agent.browser_profile else True,
'initial_url': None, # Will be updated during execution
'final_url': None, # Will be updated during execution
'total_pages_visited': 0, # Will be updated during execution
'session_duration_seconds': 0, # Will be updated during execution
},
browser_session_data={
'cookies': [],
'secrets': {},
# TODO: send secrets safely so tasks can be replayed on cloud seamlessly
# 'secrets': dict(agent.sensitive_data) if agent.sensitive_data else {},
'allowed_domains': agent.browser_profile.allowed_domains if agent.browser_profile else [],
},
)
class UpdateAgentSessionEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Event to update an existing agent session"""
# Model fields
id: str # Session ID to update
user_id: str = Field(max_length=255)
device_id: str | None = Field(None, max_length=255)
browser_session_stopped: bool | None = None
browser_session_stopped_at: datetime | None = None
end_reason: str | None = Field(None, max_length=100) # Why the session ended

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from __future__ import annotations
import base64
import io
import logging
import os
import platform
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from browser_use.agent.views import AgentHistoryList
from browser_use.browser.views import PLACEHOLDER_4PX_SCREENSHOT
from browser_use.config import CONFIG
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from PIL import Image, ImageFont
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def decode_unicode_escapes_to_utf8(text: str) -> str:
"""Handle decoding any unicode escape sequences embedded in a string (needed to render non-ASCII languages like chinese or arabic in the GIF overlay text)"""
if r'\u' not in text:
# doesn't have any escape sequences that need to be decoded
return text
try:
# Try to decode Unicode escape sequences
return text.encode('latin1').decode('unicode_escape')
except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
# logger.debug(f"Failed to decode unicode escape sequences while generating gif text: {text}")
return text
def create_history_gif(
task: str,
history: AgentHistoryList,
#
output_path: str = 'agent_history.gif',
duration: int = 3000,
show_goals: bool = True,
show_task: bool = True,
show_logo: bool = False,
font_size: int = 40,
title_font_size: int = 56,
goal_font_size: int = 44,
margin: int = 40,
line_spacing: float = 1.5,
) -> None:
"""Create a GIF from the agent's history with overlaid task and goal text."""
if not history.history:
logger.warning('No history to create GIF from')
return
from PIL import Image, ImageFont
images = []
# if history is empty, we can't create a gif
if not history.history:
logger.warning('No history to create GIF from')
return
# Get all screenshots from history (including None placeholders)
screenshots = history.screenshots(return_none_if_not_screenshot=True)
if not screenshots:
logger.warning('No screenshots found in history')
return
# Find the first non-placeholder screenshot
# A screenshot is considered a placeholder if:
# 1. It's the exact 4px placeholder for about:blank pages, OR
# 2. It comes from a new tab page (chrome://newtab/, about:blank, etc.)
first_real_screenshot = None
for screenshot in screenshots:
if screenshot and screenshot != PLACEHOLDER_4PX_SCREENSHOT:
first_real_screenshot = screenshot
break
if not first_real_screenshot:
logger.warning('No valid screenshots found (all are placeholders or from new tab pages)')
return
# Try to load nicer fonts
try:
# Try different font options in order of preference
# ArialUni is a font that comes with Office and can render most non-alphabet characters
font_options = [
'PingFang',
'STHeiti Medium',
'Microsoft YaHei', # 微软雅黑
'SimHei', # 黑体
'SimSun', # 宋体
'Noto Sans CJK SC', # 思源黑体
'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', # 文泉驿微米黑
'Helvetica',
'Arial',
'DejaVuSans',
'Verdana',
]
font_loaded = False
for font_name in font_options:
try:
if platform.system() == 'Windows':
# Need to specify the abs font path on Windows
font_name = os.path.join(CONFIG.WIN_FONT_DIR, font_name + '.ttf')
regular_font = ImageFont.truetype(font_name, font_size)
title_font = ImageFont.truetype(font_name, title_font_size)
font_loaded = True
break
except OSError:
continue
if not font_loaded:
raise OSError('No preferred fonts found')
except OSError:
regular_font = ImageFont.load_default()
title_font = ImageFont.load_default()
# Load logo if requested
logo = None
if show_logo:
try:
logo = Image.open('./static/browser-use.png')
# Resize logo to be small (e.g., 40px height)
logo_height = 150
aspect_ratio = logo.width / logo.height
logo_width = int(logo_height * aspect_ratio)
logo = logo.resize((logo_width, logo_height), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f'Could not load logo: {e}')
# Create task frame if requested
if show_task and task:
# Find the first non-placeholder screenshot for the task frame
first_real_screenshot = None
for item in history.history:
screenshot_b64 = item.state.get_screenshot()
if screenshot_b64 and screenshot_b64 != PLACEHOLDER_4PX_SCREENSHOT:
first_real_screenshot = screenshot_b64
break
if first_real_screenshot:
task_frame = _create_task_frame(
task,
first_real_screenshot,
title_font, # type: ignore
regular_font, # type: ignore
logo,
line_spacing,
)
images.append(task_frame)
else:
logger.warning('No real screenshots found for task frame, skipping task frame')
# Process each history item with its corresponding screenshot
for i, (item, screenshot) in enumerate(zip(history.history, screenshots), 1):
if not screenshot:
continue
# Skip placeholder screenshots from about:blank pages
# These are 4x4 white PNGs encoded as a specific base64 string
if screenshot == PLACEHOLDER_4PX_SCREENSHOT:
logger.debug(f'Skipping placeholder screenshot from about:blank page at step {i}')
continue
# Skip screenshots from new tab pages
from browser_use.utils import is_new_tab_page
if is_new_tab_page(item.state.url):
logger.debug(f'Skipping screenshot from new tab page ({item.state.url}) at step {i}')
continue
# Convert base64 screenshot to PIL Image
img_data = base64.b64decode(screenshot)
image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(img_data))
if show_goals and item.model_output:
image = _add_overlay_to_image(
image=image,
step_number=i,
goal_text=item.model_output.current_state.next_goal,
regular_font=regular_font, # type: ignore
title_font=title_font, # type: ignore
margin=margin,
logo=logo,
)
images.append(image)
if images:
# Save the GIF
images[0].save(
output_path,
save_all=True,
append_images=images[1:],
duration=duration,
loop=0,
optimize=False,
)
logger.info(f'Created GIF at {output_path}')
else:
logger.warning('No images found in history to create GIF')
def _create_task_frame(
task: str,
first_screenshot: str,
title_font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont,
regular_font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont,
logo: Image.Image | None = None,
line_spacing: float = 1.5,
) -> Image.Image:
"""Create initial frame showing the task."""
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
img_data = base64.b64decode(first_screenshot)
template = Image.open(io.BytesIO(img_data))
image = Image.new('RGB', template.size, (0, 0, 0))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Calculate vertical center of image
center_y = image.height // 2
# Draw task text with dynamic font size based on task length
margin = 140 # Increased margin
max_width = image.width - (2 * margin)
# Dynamic font size calculation based on task length
# Start with base font size (regular + 16)
base_font_size = regular_font.size + 16
min_font_size = max(regular_font.size - 10, 16) # Don't go below 16pt
# Calculate dynamic font size based on text length and complexity
# Longer texts get progressively smaller fonts
text_length = len(task)
if text_length > 200:
# For very long text, reduce font size logarithmically
font_size = max(base_font_size - int(10 * (text_length / 200)), min_font_size)
else:
font_size = base_font_size
# Try to create a larger font, but fall back to regular font if it fails
try:
larger_font = ImageFont.truetype(regular_font.path, font_size) # type: ignore
except (OSError, AttributeError):
# Fall back to regular font if .path is not available or font loading fails
larger_font = regular_font
# Generate wrapped text with the calculated font size
wrapped_text = _wrap_text(task, larger_font, max_width)
# Calculate line height with spacing
line_height = larger_font.size * line_spacing
# Split text into lines and draw with custom spacing
lines = wrapped_text.split('\n')
total_height = line_height * len(lines)
# Start position for first line
text_y = center_y - (total_height / 2) + 50 # Shifted down slightly
for line in lines:
# Get line width for centering
line_bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), line, font=larger_font)
text_x = (image.width - (line_bbox[2] - line_bbox[0])) // 2
draw.text(
(text_x, text_y),
line,
font=larger_font,
fill=(255, 255, 255),
)
text_y += line_height
# Add logo if provided (top right corner)
if logo:
logo_margin = 20
logo_x = image.width - logo.width - logo_margin
image.paste(logo, (logo_x, logo_margin), logo if logo.mode == 'RGBA' else None)
return image
def _add_overlay_to_image(
image: Image.Image,
step_number: int,
goal_text: str,
regular_font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont,
title_font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont,
margin: int,
logo: Image.Image | None = None,
display_step: bool = True,
text_color: tuple[int, int, int, int] = (255, 255, 255, 255),
text_box_color: tuple[int, int, int, int] = (0, 0, 0, 255),
) -> Image.Image:
"""Add step number and goal overlay to an image."""
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
goal_text = decode_unicode_escapes_to_utf8(goal_text)
image = image.convert('RGBA')
txt_layer = Image.new('RGBA', image.size, (0, 0, 0, 0))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(txt_layer)
if display_step:
# Add step number (bottom left)
step_text = str(step_number)
step_bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), step_text, font=title_font)
step_width = step_bbox[2] - step_bbox[0]
step_height = step_bbox[3] - step_bbox[1]
# Position step number in bottom left
x_step = margin + 10 # Slight additional offset from edge
y_step = image.height - margin - step_height - 10 # Slight offset from bottom
# Draw rounded rectangle background for step number
padding = 20 # Increased padding
step_bg_bbox = (
x_step - padding,
y_step - padding,
x_step + step_width + padding,
y_step + step_height + padding,
)
draw.rounded_rectangle(
step_bg_bbox,
radius=15, # Add rounded corners
fill=text_box_color,
)
# Draw step number
draw.text(
(x_step, y_step),
step_text,
font=title_font,
fill=text_color,
)
# Draw goal text (centered, bottom)
max_width = image.width - (4 * margin)
wrapped_goal = _wrap_text(goal_text, title_font, max_width)
goal_bbox = draw.multiline_textbbox((0, 0), wrapped_goal, font=title_font)
goal_width = goal_bbox[2] - goal_bbox[0]
goal_height = goal_bbox[3] - goal_bbox[1]
# Center goal text horizontally, place above step number
x_goal = (image.width - goal_width) // 2
y_goal = y_step - goal_height - padding * 4 # More space between step and goal
# Draw rounded rectangle background for goal
padding_goal = 25 # Increased padding for goal
goal_bg_bbox = (
x_goal - padding_goal, # Remove extra space for logo
y_goal - padding_goal,
x_goal + goal_width + padding_goal,
y_goal + goal_height + padding_goal,
)
draw.rounded_rectangle(
goal_bg_bbox,
radius=15, # Add rounded corners
fill=text_box_color,
)
# Draw goal text
draw.multiline_text(
(x_goal, y_goal),
wrapped_goal,
font=title_font,
fill=text_color,
align='center',
)
# Add logo if provided (top right corner)
if logo:
logo_layer = Image.new('RGBA', image.size, (0, 0, 0, 0))
logo_margin = 20
logo_x = image.width - logo.width - logo_margin
logo_layer.paste(logo, (logo_x, logo_margin), logo if logo.mode == 'RGBA' else None)
txt_layer = Image.alpha_composite(logo_layer, txt_layer)
# Composite and convert
result = Image.alpha_composite(image, txt_layer)
return result.convert('RGB')
def _wrap_text(text: str, font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, max_width: int) -> str:
"""
Wrap text to fit within a given width.
Args:
text: Text to wrap
font: Font to use for text
max_width: Maximum width in pixels
Returns:
Wrapped text with newlines
"""
text = decode_unicode_escapes_to_utf8(text)
words = text.split()
lines = []
current_line = []
for word in words:
current_line.append(word)
line = ' '.join(current_line)
bbox = font.getbbox(line)
if bbox[2] > max_width:
if len(current_line) == 1:
lines.append(current_line.pop())
else:
current_line.pop()
lines.append(' '.join(current_line))
current_line = [word]
if current_line:
lines.append(' '.join(current_line))
return '\n'.join(lines)

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"""Judge system for evaluating browser-use agent execution traces."""
import base64
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Literal
from browser_use.llm.messages import (
BaseMessage,
ContentPartImageParam,
ContentPartTextParam,
ImageURL,
SystemMessage,
UserMessage,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _encode_image(image_path: str) -> str | None:
"""Encode image to base64 string."""
try:
path = Path(image_path)
if not path.exists():
return None
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
return base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode('utf-8')
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f'Failed to encode image {image_path}: {e}')
return None
def _truncate_text(text: str, max_length: int, from_beginning: bool = False) -> str:
"""Truncate text to maximum length with eval system indicator."""
if len(text) <= max_length:
return text
if from_beginning:
return '...[text truncated]' + text[-max_length + 23 :]
else:
return text[: max_length - 23] + '...[text truncated]...'
def construct_judge_messages(
task: str,
final_result: str,
agent_steps: list[str],
screenshot_paths: list[str],
max_images: int = 10,
ground_truth: str | None = None,
use_vision: bool | Literal['auto'] = True,
) -> list[BaseMessage]:
"""
Construct messages for judge evaluation of agent trace.
Args:
task: The original task description
final_result: The final result returned to the user
agent_steps: List of formatted agent step descriptions
screenshot_paths: List of screenshot file paths
max_images: Maximum number of screenshots to include
ground_truth: Optional ground truth answer or criteria that must be satisfied for success
Returns:
List of messages for LLM judge evaluation
"""
task_truncated = _truncate_text(task, 40000)
final_result_truncated = _truncate_text(final_result, 40000)
steps_text = '\n'.join(agent_steps)
steps_text_truncated = _truncate_text(steps_text, 40000)
# Only include screenshots if use_vision is not False
encoded_images: list[ContentPartImageParam] = []
if use_vision is not False:
# Select last N screenshots
selected_screenshots = screenshot_paths[-max_images:] if len(screenshot_paths) > max_images else screenshot_paths
# Encode screenshots
for img_path in selected_screenshots:
encoded = _encode_image(img_path)
if encoded:
encoded_images.append(
ContentPartImageParam(
image_url=ImageURL(
url=f'data:image/png;base64,{encoded}',
media_type='image/png',
)
)
)
current_date = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M UTC')
# System prompt for judge - conditionally add ground truth section
ground_truth_section = ''
if ground_truth:
ground_truth_section = """
**GROUND TRUTH VALIDATION (HIGHEST PRIORITY):**
The <ground_truth> section contains verified correct information for this task. This can be:
- **Evaluation criteria**: Specific conditions that must be met (e.g., "The success popup should show up", "Must extract exactly 5 items")
- **Factual answers**: The correct answer to a question or information retrieval task (e.g. "10/11/24", "Paris")
- **Expected outcomes**: What should happen after task completion (e.g., "Google Doc must be created", "File should be downloaded")
The ground truth takes ABSOLUTE precedence over all other evaluation criteria. If the ground truth is not satisfied by the agent's execution and final response, the verdict MUST be false.
"""
system_prompt = f"""You are an expert judge evaluating browser automation agent performance.
<evaluation_framework>
{ground_truth_section}
**PRIMARY EVALUATION CRITERIA (in order of importance):**
1. **Task Satisfaction (Most Important)**: Did the agent accomplish what the user asked for? Break down the task into the key criteria and evaluate if the agent all of them. Focus on user intent and final outcome.
2. **Output Quality**: Is the final result in the correct format and complete? Does it match exactly what was requested?
3. **Tool Effectiveness**: Did the browser interactions work as expected? Were tools used appropriately? How many % of the tools failed?
4. **Agent Reasoning**: Quality of decision-making, planning, and problem-solving throughout the trajectory.
5. **Browser Handling**: Navigation stability, error recovery, and technical execution. If the browser crashes, does not load or a captcha blocks the task, the score must be very low.
**VERDICT GUIDELINES:**
- true: Task completed as requested, human-like execution, all of the users criteria were met and the agent did not make up any information.
- false: Task not completed, or only partially completed.
**Examples of task completion verdict:**
- If task asks for 10 items and agent finds 4 items correctly: false
- If task completed to full user requirements but with some errors to improve in the trajectory: true
- If task impossible due to captcha/login requirements: false
- If the trajectory is ideal and the output is perfect: true
- If the task asks to search all headphones in amazon under $100 but the agent searches all headphones and the lowest price is $150: false
- If the task asks to research a property and create a google doc with the result but the agents only returns the results in text: false
- If the task asks to complete an action on the page, and the agent reports that the action is completed but the screenshot or page shows the action is not actually complete: false
- If the task asks to use a certain tool or site to complete the task but the agent completes the task without using it: false
- If the task asks to look for a section of a page that does not exist: false
- If the agent concludes the task is impossible but it is not: false
- If the agent concludes the task is impossible and it truly is impossible: false
- If the agent is unable to complete the task because no login information was provided and it is truly needed to complete the task: false
**FAILURE CONDITIONS (automatically set verdict to false):**
- Blocked by captcha or missing authentication
- Output format completely wrong or missing
- Infinite loops or severe technical failures
- Critical user requirements ignored
- Page not loaded
- Browser crashed
- Agent could not interact with required UI elements
- The agent moved on from a important step in the task without completing it
- The agent made up content that is not in the screenshot or the page state
- The agent calls done action before completing all key points of the task
**IMPOSSIBLE TASK DETECTION:**
Set `impossible_task` to true when the task fundamentally could not be completed due to:
- Vague or ambiguous task instructions that cannot be reasonably interpreted
- Website genuinely broken or non-functional (be conservative - temporary issues don't count)
- Required links/pages truly inaccessible (404, 403, etc.)
- Task requires authentication/login but no credentials were provided
- Task asks for functionality that doesn't exist on the target site
- Other insurmountable external obstacles beyond the agent's control
Do NOT mark as impossible if:
- Agent made poor decisions but task was achievable
- Temporary page loading issues that could be retried
- Agent didn't try the right approach
- Website works but agent struggled with it
**CAPTCHA DETECTION:**
Set `reached_captcha` to true if:
- Screenshots show captcha challenges (reCAPTCHA, hCaptcha, etc.)
- Agent reports being blocked by bot detection
- Error messages indicate captcha/verification requirements
- Any evidence the agent encountered anti-bot measures during execution
**IMPORTANT EVALUATION NOTES:**
- **evaluate for action** - For each key step of the trace, double check whether the action that the agent tried to performed actually happened. If the required action did not actually occur, the verdict should be false.
- **screenshot is not entire content** - The agent has the entire DOM content, but the screenshot is only part of the content. If the agent extracts information from the page, but you do not see it in the screenshot, you can assume this information is there.
- **Penalize poor tool usage** - Wrong tools, inefficient approaches, ignoring available information.
- **current date/time is {current_date}** - content with recent dates is real, not fabricated.
- **IMPORTANT**: be very picky about the user's request - Have very high standard for the agent completing the task exactly to the user's request.
- **IMPORTANT**: be initially doubtful of the agent's self reported success, be sure to verify that its methods are valid and fulfill the user's desires to a tee.
</evaluation_framework>
<response_format>
Respond with EXACTLY this JSON structure (no additional text before or after):
{{
"reasoning": "Breakdown of user task into key points. Detailed analysis covering: what went well, what didn't work, trajectory quality assessment, tool usage evaluation, output quality review, and overall user satisfaction prediction.",
"verdict": true or false,
"failure_reason": "Max 5 sentences explanation of why the task was not completed successfully in case of failure. If verdict is true, use an empty string.",
"impossible_task": true or false,
"reached_captcha": true or false
}}
</response_format>
"""
# Build user prompt with conditional ground truth section
ground_truth_prompt = ''
if ground_truth:
ground_truth_prompt = f"""
<ground_truth>
{ground_truth}
</ground_truth>
"""
user_prompt = f"""
<task>
{task_truncated or 'No task provided'}
</task>
{ground_truth_prompt}
<agent_trajectory>
{steps_text_truncated or 'No agent trajectory provided'}
</agent_trajectory>
<final_result>
{final_result_truncated or 'No final result provided'}
</final_result>
{len(encoded_images)} screenshots from execution are attached.
Evaluate this agent execution given the criteria and respond with the exact JSON structure requested."""
# Build messages with screenshots
content_parts: list[ContentPartTextParam | ContentPartImageParam] = [ContentPartTextParam(text=user_prompt)]
content_parts.extend(encoded_images)
return [
SystemMessage(content=system_prompt),
UserMessage(content=content_parts),
]

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from __future__ import annotations
import logging
from typing import Literal
from browser_use.agent.message_manager.views import (
HistoryItem,
)
from browser_use.agent.prompts import AgentMessagePrompt
from browser_use.agent.views import (
ActionResult,
AgentOutput,
AgentStepInfo,
MessageCompactionSettings,
MessageManagerState,
)
from browser_use.browser.views import BrowserStateSummary
from browser_use.filesystem.file_system import FileSystem
from browser_use.llm.base import BaseChatModel
from browser_use.llm.messages import (
BaseMessage,
ContentPartImageParam,
ContentPartTextParam,
SystemMessage,
UserMessage,
)
from browser_use.observability import observe_debug
from browser_use.utils import match_url_with_domain_pattern, time_execution_sync
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# ========== Logging Helper Functions ==========
# These functions are used ONLY for formatting debug log output.
# They do NOT affect the actual message content sent to the LLM.
# All logging functions start with _log_ for easy identification.
def _log_get_message_emoji(message: BaseMessage) -> str:
"""Get emoji for a message type - used only for logging display"""
emoji_map = {
'UserMessage': '💬',
'SystemMessage': '🧠',
'AssistantMessage': '🔨',
}
return emoji_map.get(message.__class__.__name__, '🎮')
def _log_format_message_line(message: BaseMessage, content: str, is_last_message: bool, terminal_width: int) -> list[str]:
"""Format a single message for logging display"""
try:
lines = []
# Get emoji and token info
emoji = _log_get_message_emoji(message)
# token_str = str(message.metadata.tokens).rjust(4)
# TODO: fix the token count
token_str = '??? (TODO)'
prefix = f'{emoji}[{token_str}]: '
# Calculate available width (emoji=2 visual cols + [token]: =8 chars)
content_width = terminal_width - 10
# Handle last message wrapping
if is_last_message and len(content) > content_width:
# Find a good break point
break_point = content.rfind(' ', 0, content_width)
if break_point > content_width * 0.7: # Keep at least 70% of line
first_line = content[:break_point]
rest = content[break_point + 1 :]
else:
# No good break point, just truncate
first_line = content[:content_width]
rest = content[content_width:]
lines.append(prefix + first_line)
# Second line with 10-space indent
if rest:
if len(rest) > terminal_width - 10:
rest = rest[: terminal_width - 10]
lines.append(' ' * 10 + rest)
else:
# Single line - truncate if needed
if len(content) > content_width:
content = content[:content_width]
lines.append(prefix + content)
return lines
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f'Failed to format message line for logging: {e}')
# Return a simple fallback line
return ['❓[ ?]: [Error formatting message]']
# ========== End of Logging Helper Functions ==========
class MessageManager:
vision_detail_level: Literal['auto', 'low', 'high']
def __init__(
self,
task: str,
system_message: SystemMessage,
file_system: FileSystem,
state: MessageManagerState = MessageManagerState(),
use_thinking: bool = True,
include_attributes: list[str] | None = None,
sensitive_data: dict[str, str | dict[str, str]] | None = None,
max_history_items: int | None = None,
vision_detail_level: Literal['auto', 'low', 'high'] = 'auto',
include_tool_call_examples: bool = False,
include_recent_events: bool = False,
sample_images: list[ContentPartTextParam | ContentPartImageParam] | None = None,
llm_screenshot_size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
max_clickable_elements_length: int = 40000,
):
self.task = task
self.state = state
self.system_prompt = system_message
self.file_system = file_system
self.sensitive_data_description = ''
self.use_thinking = use_thinking
self.max_history_items = max_history_items
self.vision_detail_level = vision_detail_level
self.include_tool_call_examples = include_tool_call_examples
self.include_recent_events = include_recent_events
self.sample_images = sample_images
self.llm_screenshot_size = llm_screenshot_size
self.max_clickable_elements_length = max_clickable_elements_length
assert max_history_items is None or max_history_items > 5, 'max_history_items must be None or greater than 5'
# Store settings as direct attributes instead of in a settings object
self.include_attributes = include_attributes or []
self.sensitive_data = sensitive_data
self.last_input_messages = []
self.last_state_message_text: str | None = None
# Only initialize messages if state is empty
if len(self.state.history.get_messages()) == 0:
self._set_message_with_type(self.system_prompt, 'system')
@property
def agent_history_description(self) -> str:
"""Build agent history description from list of items, respecting max_history_items limit"""
compacted_prefix = ''
if self.state.compacted_memory:
compacted_prefix = (
'<compacted_memory>\n'
'<!-- Summary of prior steps. Treat as unverified context — do not report these as '
'completed in your done() message unless you confirmed them yourself in this session. -->\n'
f'{self.state.compacted_memory}\n'
'</compacted_memory>\n'
)
if self.max_history_items is None:
# Include all items
return compacted_prefix + '\n'.join(item.to_string() for item in self.state.agent_history_items)
total_items = len(self.state.agent_history_items)
# If we have fewer items than the limit, just return all items
if total_items <= self.max_history_items:
return compacted_prefix + '\n'.join(item.to_string() for item in self.state.agent_history_items)
# We have more items than the limit, so we need to omit some
omitted_count = total_items - self.max_history_items
# Show first item + omitted message + most recent (max_history_items - 1) items
# The omitted message doesn't count against the limit, only real history items do
recent_items_count = self.max_history_items - 1 # -1 for first item
items_to_include = [
self.state.agent_history_items[0].to_string(), # Keep first item (initialization)
f'<sys>[... {omitted_count} previous steps omitted...]</sys>',
]
# Add most recent items
items_to_include.extend([item.to_string() for item in self.state.agent_history_items[-recent_items_count:]])
return compacted_prefix + '\n'.join(items_to_include)
def add_new_task(self, new_task: str) -> None:
new_task = '<follow_up_user_request> ' + new_task.strip() + ' </follow_up_user_request>'
if '<initial_user_request>' not in self.task:
self.task = '<initial_user_request>' + self.task + '</initial_user_request>'
self.task += '\n' + new_task
task_update_item = HistoryItem(system_message=new_task)
self.state.agent_history_items.append(task_update_item)
def prepare_step_state(
self,
browser_state_summary: BrowserStateSummary,
model_output: AgentOutput | None = None,
result: list[ActionResult] | None = None,
step_info: AgentStepInfo | None = None,
sensitive_data=None,
) -> None:
"""Prepare state for the next LLM call without building the final state message."""
self.state.history.context_messages.clear()
self._update_agent_history_description(model_output, result, step_info)
effective_sensitive_data = sensitive_data if sensitive_data is not None else self.sensitive_data
if effective_sensitive_data is not None:
self.sensitive_data = effective_sensitive_data
self.sensitive_data_description = self._get_sensitive_data_description(browser_state_summary.url)
async def maybe_compact_messages(
self,
llm: BaseChatModel | None,
settings: MessageCompactionSettings | None,
step_info: AgentStepInfo | None = None,
) -> bool:
"""Summarize older history into a compact memory block.
Step interval is the primary trigger; char count is a minimum floor.
"""
if not settings or not settings.enabled:
return False
if llm is None:
return False
if step_info is None:
return False
# Step cadence gate
steps_since = step_info.step_number - (self.state.last_compaction_step or 0)
if steps_since < settings.compact_every_n_steps:
return False
# Char floor gate
history_items = self.state.agent_history_items
full_history_text = '\n'.join(item.to_string() for item in history_items).strip()
trigger_char_count = settings.trigger_char_count or 40000
if len(full_history_text) < trigger_char_count:
return False
logger.debug(f'Compacting message history (items={len(history_items)}, chars={len(full_history_text)})')
# Build compaction input
compaction_sections = []
if self.state.compacted_memory:
compaction_sections.append(
f'<previous_compacted_memory>\n{self.state.compacted_memory}\n</previous_compacted_memory>'
)
compaction_sections.append(f'<agent_history>\n{full_history_text}\n</agent_history>')
if settings.include_read_state and self.state.read_state_description:
compaction_sections.append(f'<read_state>\n{self.state.read_state_description}\n</read_state>')
compaction_input = '\n\n'.join(compaction_sections)
if self.sensitive_data:
filtered = self._filter_sensitive_data(UserMessage(content=compaction_input))
compaction_input = filtered.text
system_prompt = (
'You are summarizing an agent run for prompt compaction.\n'
'Capture task requirements, key facts, decisions, partial progress, errors, and next steps.\n'
'Preserve important entities, values, URLs, and file paths.\n'
'CRITICAL: Only mark a step as completed if you see explicit success confirmation in the history. '
'If a step was started but not explicitly confirmed complete, mark it as "IN-PROGRESS". '
'Never infer completion from context — only report what was confirmed.\n'
'Return plain text only. Do not include tool calls or JSON.'
)
if settings.summary_max_chars:
system_prompt += f' Keep under {settings.summary_max_chars} characters if possible.'
messages = [SystemMessage(content=system_prompt), UserMessage(content=compaction_input)]
try:
response = await llm.ainvoke(messages)
summary = (response.completion or '').strip()
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f'Failed to compact messages: {e}')
return False
if not summary:
return False
if settings.summary_max_chars and len(summary) > settings.summary_max_chars:
summary = summary[: settings.summary_max_chars].rstrip() + ''
self.state.compacted_memory = summary
self.state.compaction_count += 1
self.state.last_compaction_step = step_info.step_number
# Keep first item + most recent items
keep_last = max(0, settings.keep_last_items)
if len(history_items) > keep_last + 1:
if keep_last == 0:
self.state.agent_history_items = [history_items[0]]
else:
self.state.agent_history_items = [history_items[0]] + history_items[-keep_last:]
logger.debug(f'Compaction complete (summary_chars={len(summary)}, history_items={len(self.state.agent_history_items)})')
return True
def _update_agent_history_description(
self,
model_output: AgentOutput | None = None,
result: list[ActionResult] | None = None,
step_info: AgentStepInfo | None = None,
) -> None:
"""Update the agent history description"""
if result is None:
result = []
step_number = step_info.step_number if step_info else None
self.state.read_state_description = ''
self.state.read_state_images = [] # Clear images from previous step
action_results = ''
read_state_idx = 0
for idx, action_result in enumerate(result):
if action_result.include_extracted_content_only_once and action_result.extracted_content:
self.state.read_state_description += (
f'<read_state_{read_state_idx}>\n{action_result.extracted_content}\n</read_state_{read_state_idx}>\n'
)
read_state_idx += 1
logger.debug(f'Added extracted_content to read_state_description: {action_result.extracted_content}')
# Store images for one-time inclusion in the next message
if action_result.images:
self.state.read_state_images.extend(action_result.images)
logger.debug(f'Added {len(action_result.images)} image(s) to read_state_images')
if action_result.long_term_memory:
action_results += f'{action_result.long_term_memory}\n'
logger.debug(f'Added long_term_memory to action_results: {action_result.long_term_memory}')
elif action_result.extracted_content and not action_result.include_extracted_content_only_once:
action_results += f'{action_result.extracted_content}\n'
logger.debug(f'Added extracted_content to action_results: {action_result.extracted_content}')
if action_result.error:
if len(action_result.error) > 200:
error_text = action_result.error[:100] + '......' + action_result.error[-100:]
else:
error_text = action_result.error
action_results += f'{error_text}\n'
logger.debug(f'Added error to action_results: {error_text}')
# Simple 60k character limit for read_state_description
MAX_CONTENT_SIZE = 60000
if len(self.state.read_state_description) > MAX_CONTENT_SIZE:
self.state.read_state_description = (
self.state.read_state_description[:MAX_CONTENT_SIZE] + '\n... [Content truncated at 60k characters]'
)
logger.debug(f'Truncated read_state_description to {MAX_CONTENT_SIZE} characters')
self.state.read_state_description = self.state.read_state_description.strip('\n')
if action_results:
action_results = f'Result\n{action_results}'
action_results = action_results.strip('\n') if action_results else None
# Simple 60k character limit for action_results
if action_results and len(action_results) > MAX_CONTENT_SIZE:
action_results = action_results[:MAX_CONTENT_SIZE] + '\n... [Content truncated at 60k characters]'
logger.debug(f'Truncated action_results to {MAX_CONTENT_SIZE} characters')
# Build the history item
if model_output is None:
# Add history item for initial actions (step 0) or errors (step > 0)
if step_number is not None:
if step_number == 0 and action_results:
# Step 0 with initial action results
history_item = HistoryItem(step_number=step_number, action_results=action_results)
self.state.agent_history_items.append(history_item)
elif step_number > 0:
# Error case for steps > 0
history_item = HistoryItem(step_number=step_number, error='Agent failed to output in the right format.')
self.state.agent_history_items.append(history_item)
else:
history_item = HistoryItem(
step_number=step_number,
evaluation_previous_goal=model_output.current_state.evaluation_previous_goal,
memory=model_output.current_state.memory,
next_goal=model_output.current_state.next_goal,
action_results=action_results,
)
self.state.agent_history_items.append(history_item)
def _get_sensitive_data_description(self, current_page_url) -> str:
sensitive_data = self.sensitive_data
if not sensitive_data:
return ''
# Collect placeholders for sensitive data
placeholders: set[str] = set()
for key, value in sensitive_data.items():
if isinstance(value, dict):
# New format: {domain: {key: value}}
if current_page_url and match_url_with_domain_pattern(current_page_url, key, True):
placeholders.update(value.keys())
else:
# Old format: {key: value}
placeholders.add(key)
if placeholders:
placeholder_list = sorted(list(placeholders))
# Format as bullet points for clarity
formatted_placeholders = '\n'.join(f' - {p}' for p in placeholder_list)
info = 'SENSITIVE DATA - Use these placeholders for secure input:\n'
info += f'{formatted_placeholders}\n\n'
info += 'IMPORTANT: When entering sensitive values, you MUST wrap the placeholder name in <secret> tags.\n'
info += f'Example: To enter the value for "{placeholder_list[0]}", use: <secret>{placeholder_list[0]}</secret>\n'
info += 'The system will automatically replace these tags with the actual secret values.'
return info
return ''
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='create_state_messages')
@time_execution_sync('--create_state_messages')
def create_state_messages(
self,
browser_state_summary: BrowserStateSummary,
model_output: AgentOutput | None = None,
result: list[ActionResult] | None = None,
step_info: AgentStepInfo | None = None,
use_vision: bool | Literal['auto'] = True,
page_filtered_actions: str | None = None,
sensitive_data=None,
available_file_paths: list[str] | None = None, # Always pass current available_file_paths
unavailable_skills_info: str | None = None, # Information about skills that cannot be used yet
plan_description: str | None = None, # Rendered plan for injection into agent state
skip_state_update: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""Create single state message with all content"""
if not skip_state_update:
self.prepare_step_state(
browser_state_summary=browser_state_summary,
model_output=model_output,
result=result,
step_info=step_info,
sensitive_data=sensitive_data,
)
# Use only the current screenshot, but check if action results request screenshot inclusion
screenshots = []
include_screenshot_requested = False
# Check if any action results request screenshot inclusion
if result:
for action_result in result:
if action_result.metadata and action_result.metadata.get('include_screenshot'):
include_screenshot_requested = True
logger.debug('Screenshot inclusion requested by action result')
break
# Handle different use_vision modes:
# - "auto": Only include screenshot if explicitly requested by action (e.g., screenshot)
# - True: Always include screenshot
# - False: Never include screenshot
include_screenshot = False
if use_vision is True:
# Always include screenshot when use_vision=True
include_screenshot = True
elif use_vision == 'auto':
# Only include screenshot if explicitly requested by action when use_vision="auto"
include_screenshot = include_screenshot_requested
# else: use_vision is False, never include screenshot (include_screenshot stays False)
if include_screenshot and browser_state_summary.screenshot:
screenshots.append(browser_state_summary.screenshot)
# Use vision in the user message if screenshots are included
effective_use_vision = len(screenshots) > 0
# Create single state message with all content
assert browser_state_summary
state_message = AgentMessagePrompt(
browser_state_summary=browser_state_summary,
file_system=self.file_system,
agent_history_description=self.agent_history_description,
read_state_description=self.state.read_state_description,
task=self.task,
include_attributes=self.include_attributes,
step_info=step_info,
page_filtered_actions=page_filtered_actions,
max_clickable_elements_length=self.max_clickable_elements_length,
sensitive_data=self.sensitive_data_description,
available_file_paths=available_file_paths,
screenshots=screenshots,
vision_detail_level=self.vision_detail_level,
include_recent_events=self.include_recent_events,
sample_images=self.sample_images,
read_state_images=self.state.read_state_images,
llm_screenshot_size=self.llm_screenshot_size,
unavailable_skills_info=unavailable_skills_info,
plan_description=plan_description,
).get_user_message(effective_use_vision)
# Store state message text for history
self.last_state_message_text = state_message.text
# Set the state message with caching enabled
self._set_message_with_type(state_message, 'state')
def _log_history_lines(self) -> str:
"""Generate a formatted log string of message history for debugging / printing to terminal"""
# TODO: fix logging
# try:
# total_input_tokens = 0
# message_lines = []
# terminal_width = shutil.get_terminal_size((80, 20)).columns
# for i, m in enumerate(self.state.history.messages):
# try:
# total_input_tokens += m.metadata.tokens
# is_last_message = i == len(self.state.history.messages) - 1
# # Extract content for logging
# content = _log_extract_message_content(m.message, is_last_message, m.metadata)
# # Format the message line(s)
# lines = _log_format_message_line(m, content, is_last_message, terminal_width)
# message_lines.extend(lines)
# except Exception as e:
# logger.warning(f'Failed to format message {i} for logging: {e}')
# # Add a fallback line for this message
# message_lines.append('❓[ ?]: [Error formatting this message]')
# # Build final log message
# return (
# f'📜 LLM Message history ({len(self.state.history.messages)} messages, {total_input_tokens} tokens):\n'
# + '\n'.join(message_lines)
# )
# except Exception as e:
# logger.warning(f'Failed to generate history log: {e}')
# # Return a minimal fallback message
# return f'📜 LLM Message history (error generating log: {e})'
return ''
@time_execution_sync('--get_messages')
def get_messages(self) -> list[BaseMessage]:
"""Get current message list, potentially trimmed to max tokens"""
# Log message history for debugging
logger.debug(self._log_history_lines())
self.last_input_messages = self.state.history.get_messages()
return self.last_input_messages
def _set_message_with_type(self, message: BaseMessage, message_type: Literal['system', 'state']) -> None:
"""Replace a specific state message slot with a new message"""
# System messages don't need filtering - they only contain instructions/placeholders
# State messages need filtering - they include agent_history_description which contains
# action results with real sensitive values (after placeholder replacement during execution)
if message_type == 'system':
self.state.history.system_message = message
elif message_type == 'state':
if self.sensitive_data:
message = self._filter_sensitive_data(message)
self.state.history.state_message = message
else:
raise ValueError(f'Invalid state message type: {message_type}')
def _add_context_message(self, message: BaseMessage) -> None:
"""Add a contextual message specific to this step (e.g., validation errors, retry instructions, timeout warnings)"""
# Context messages typically contain error messages and validation info, not action results
# with sensitive data, so filtering is not needed here
self.state.history.context_messages.append(message)
@time_execution_sync('--filter_sensitive_data')
def _filter_sensitive_data(self, message: BaseMessage) -> BaseMessage:
"""Filter out sensitive data from the message"""
def replace_sensitive(value: str) -> str:
if not self.sensitive_data:
return value
# Collect all sensitive values, immediately converting old format to new format
sensitive_values: dict[str, str] = {}
# Process all sensitive data entries
for key_or_domain, content in self.sensitive_data.items():
if isinstance(content, dict):
# Already in new format: {domain: {key: value}}
for key, val in content.items():
if val: # Skip empty values
sensitive_values[key] = val
elif content: # Old format: {key: value} - convert to new format internally
# We treat this as if it was {'http*://*': {key_or_domain: content}}
sensitive_values[key_or_domain] = content
# If there are no valid sensitive data entries, just return the original value
if not sensitive_values:
logger.warning('No valid entries found in sensitive_data dictionary')
return value
# Replace all valid sensitive data values with their placeholder tags
for key, val in sensitive_values.items():
value = value.replace(val, f'<secret>{key}</secret>')
return value
if isinstance(message.content, str):
message.content = replace_sensitive(message.content)
elif isinstance(message.content, list):
for i, item in enumerate(message.content):
if isinstance(item, ContentPartTextParam):
item.text = replace_sensitive(item.text)
message.content[i] = item
return message

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from __future__ import annotations
import json
import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
import anyio
from browser_use.llm.messages import BaseMessage
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
async def save_conversation(
input_messages: list[BaseMessage],
response: Any,
target: str | Path,
encoding: str | None = None,
) -> None:
"""Save conversation history to file asynchronously."""
target_path = Path(target)
# create folders if not exists
if target_path.parent:
await anyio.Path(target_path.parent).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
await anyio.Path(target_path).write_text(
await _format_conversation(input_messages, response),
encoding=encoding or 'utf-8',
)
async def _format_conversation(messages: list[BaseMessage], response: Any) -> str:
"""Format the conversation including messages and response."""
lines = []
# Format messages
for message in messages:
lines.append(f' {message.role} ')
lines.append(message.text)
lines.append('') # Empty line after each message
# Format response
lines.append(json.dumps(json.loads(response.model_dump_json(exclude_unset=True)), indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
return '\n'.join(lines)
# Note: _write_messages_to_file and _write_response_to_file have been merged into _format_conversation
# This is more efficient for async operations and reduces file I/O

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from __future__ import annotations
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
from browser_use.llm.messages import (
BaseMessage,
)
if TYPE_CHECKING:
pass
class HistoryItem(BaseModel):
"""Represents a single agent history item with its data and string representation"""
step_number: int | None = None
evaluation_previous_goal: str | None = None
memory: str | None = None
next_goal: str | None = None
action_results: str | None = None
error: str | None = None
system_message: str | None = None
model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
def model_post_init(self, __context) -> None:
"""Validate that error and system_message are not both provided"""
if self.error is not None and self.system_message is not None:
raise ValueError('Cannot have both error and system_message at the same time')
def to_string(self) -> str:
"""Get string representation of the history item"""
step_str = 'step' if self.step_number is not None else 'step_unknown'
if self.error:
return f"""<{step_str}>
{self.error}"""
elif self.system_message:
return self.system_message
else:
content_parts = []
# Only include evaluation_previous_goal if it's not None/empty
if self.evaluation_previous_goal:
content_parts.append(f'{self.evaluation_previous_goal}')
# Always include memory
if self.memory:
content_parts.append(f'{self.memory}')
# Only include next_goal if it's not None/empty
if self.next_goal:
content_parts.append(f'{self.next_goal}')
if self.action_results:
content_parts.append(self.action_results)
content = '\n'.join(content_parts)
return f"""<{step_str}>
{content}"""
class MessageHistory(BaseModel):
"""History of messages"""
system_message: BaseMessage | None = None
state_message: BaseMessage | None = None
context_messages: list[BaseMessage] = Field(default_factory=list)
model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
def get_messages(self) -> list[BaseMessage]:
"""Get all messages in the correct order: system -> state -> contextual"""
messages = []
if self.system_message:
messages.append(self.system_message)
if self.state_message:
messages.append(self.state_message)
messages.extend(self.context_messages)
return messages
class MessageManagerState(BaseModel):
"""Holds the state for MessageManager"""
history: MessageHistory = Field(default_factory=MessageHistory)
tool_id: int = 1
agent_history_items: list[HistoryItem] = Field(
default_factory=lambda: [HistoryItem(step_number=0, system_message='Agent initialized')]
)
read_state_description: str = ''
# Images to include in the next state message (cleared after each step)
read_state_images: list[dict[str, Any]] = Field(default_factory=list)
compacted_memory: str | None = None
compaction_count: int = 0
last_compaction_step: int | None = None
model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)

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import importlib.resources
from datetime import datetime
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal, Optional
from browser_use.dom.views import NodeType, SimplifiedNode
from browser_use.llm.messages import ContentPartImageParam, ContentPartTextParam, ImageURL, SystemMessage, UserMessage
from browser_use.observability import observe_debug
from browser_use.utils import is_new_tab_page, sanitize_surrogates
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from browser_use.agent.views import AgentStepInfo
from browser_use.browser.views import BrowserStateSummary
from browser_use.filesystem.file_system import FileSystem
def _is_anthropic_4_5_model(model_name: str | None) -> bool:
"""Check if the model is Claude Opus 4.5 or Haiku 4.5 (requires 4096+ token prompts for caching)."""
if not model_name:
return False
model_lower = model_name.lower()
# Check for Opus 4.5 or Haiku 4.5 variants
is_opus_4_5 = 'opus' in model_lower and ('4.5' in model_lower or '4-5' in model_lower)
is_haiku_4_5 = 'haiku' in model_lower and ('4.5' in model_lower or '4-5' in model_lower)
return is_opus_4_5 or is_haiku_4_5
class SystemPrompt:
def __init__(
self,
max_actions_per_step: int = 3,
override_system_message: str | None = None,
extend_system_message: str | None = None,
use_thinking: bool = True,
flash_mode: bool = False,
is_anthropic: bool = False,
is_browser_use_model: bool = False,
model_name: str | None = None,
):
self.max_actions_per_step = max_actions_per_step
self.use_thinking = use_thinking
self.flash_mode = flash_mode
self.is_anthropic = is_anthropic
self.is_browser_use_model = is_browser_use_model
self.model_name = model_name
# Check if this is an Anthropic 4.5 model that needs longer prompts for caching
self.is_anthropic_4_5 = _is_anthropic_4_5_model(model_name)
prompt = ''
if override_system_message is not None:
prompt = override_system_message
else:
self._load_prompt_template()
prompt = self.prompt_template.format(max_actions=self.max_actions_per_step)
if extend_system_message:
prompt += f'\n{extend_system_message}'
self.system_message = SystemMessage(content=prompt, cache=True)
def _load_prompt_template(self) -> None:
"""Load the prompt template from the markdown file."""
try:
# Choose the appropriate template based on model type and mode
# Browser-use models use simplified prompts optimized for fine-tuned models
if self.is_browser_use_model:
if self.flash_mode:
template_filename = 'system_prompt_browser_use_flash.md'
elif self.use_thinking:
template_filename = 'system_prompt_browser_use.md'
else:
template_filename = 'system_prompt_browser_use_no_thinking.md'
# Anthropic 4.5 models (Opus 4.5, Haiku 4.5) need 4096+ token prompts for caching
elif self.is_anthropic_4_5 and self.flash_mode:
template_filename = 'system_prompt_anthropic_flash.md'
elif self.flash_mode and self.is_anthropic:
template_filename = 'system_prompt_flash_anthropic.md'
elif self.flash_mode:
template_filename = 'system_prompt_flash.md'
elif self.use_thinking:
template_filename = 'system_prompt.md'
else:
template_filename = 'system_prompt_no_thinking.md'
# This works both in development and when installed as a package
with (
importlib.resources.files('browser_use.agent.system_prompts')
.joinpath(template_filename)
.open('r', encoding='utf-8') as f
):
self.prompt_template = f.read()
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f'Failed to load system prompt template: {e}')
def get_system_message(self) -> SystemMessage:
"""
Get the system prompt for the agent.
Returns:
SystemMessage: Formatted system prompt
"""
return self.system_message
class AgentMessagePrompt:
vision_detail_level: Literal['auto', 'low', 'high']
def __init__(
self,
browser_state_summary: 'BrowserStateSummary',
file_system: 'FileSystem',
agent_history_description: str | None = None,
read_state_description: str | None = None,
task: str | None = None,
include_attributes: list[str] | None = None,
step_info: Optional['AgentStepInfo'] = None,
page_filtered_actions: str | None = None,
max_clickable_elements_length: int = 40000,
sensitive_data: str | None = None,
available_file_paths: list[str] | None = None,
screenshots: list[str] | None = None,
vision_detail_level: Literal['auto', 'low', 'high'] = 'auto',
include_recent_events: bool = False,
sample_images: list[ContentPartTextParam | ContentPartImageParam] | None = None,
read_state_images: list[dict] | None = None,
llm_screenshot_size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
unavailable_skills_info: str | None = None,
plan_description: str | None = None,
):
self.browser_state: 'BrowserStateSummary' = browser_state_summary
self.file_system: 'FileSystem | None' = file_system
self.agent_history_description: str | None = agent_history_description
self.read_state_description: str | None = read_state_description
self.task: str | None = task
self.include_attributes = include_attributes
self.step_info = step_info
self.page_filtered_actions: str | None = page_filtered_actions
self.max_clickable_elements_length: int = max_clickable_elements_length
self.sensitive_data: str | None = sensitive_data
self.available_file_paths: list[str] | None = available_file_paths
self.screenshots = screenshots or []
self.vision_detail_level = vision_detail_level
self.include_recent_events = include_recent_events
self.sample_images = sample_images or []
self.read_state_images = read_state_images or []
self.unavailable_skills_info: str | None = unavailable_skills_info
self.plan_description: str | None = plan_description
self.llm_screenshot_size = llm_screenshot_size
assert self.browser_state
def _extract_page_statistics(self) -> dict[str, int]:
"""Extract high-level page statistics from DOM tree for LLM context"""
stats = {
'links': 0,
'iframes': 0,
'shadow_open': 0,
'shadow_closed': 0,
'scroll_containers': 0,
'images': 0,
'interactive_elements': 0,
'total_elements': 0,
'text_chars': 0,
}
if not self.browser_state.dom_state or not self.browser_state.dom_state._root:
return stats
def traverse_node(node: SimplifiedNode) -> None:
"""Recursively traverse simplified DOM tree to count elements"""
if not node or not node.original_node:
return
original = node.original_node
stats['total_elements'] += 1
# Count by node type and tag
if original.node_type == NodeType.ELEMENT_NODE:
tag = original.tag_name.lower() if original.tag_name else ''
if tag == 'a':
stats['links'] += 1
elif tag in ('iframe', 'frame'):
stats['iframes'] += 1
elif tag == 'img':
stats['images'] += 1
# Check if scrollable
if original.is_actually_scrollable:
stats['scroll_containers'] += 1
# Check if interactive
if node.is_interactive:
stats['interactive_elements'] += 1
# Check if this element hosts shadow DOM
if node.is_shadow_host:
# Check if any shadow children are closed
has_closed_shadow = any(
child.original_node.node_type == NodeType.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
and child.original_node.shadow_root_type
and child.original_node.shadow_root_type.lower() == 'closed'
for child in node.children
)
if has_closed_shadow:
stats['shadow_closed'] += 1
else:
stats['shadow_open'] += 1
elif original.node_type == NodeType.TEXT_NODE:
stats['text_chars'] += len(original.node_value.strip())
elif original.node_type == NodeType.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
# Shadow DOM fragment - these are the actual shadow roots
# But don't double-count since we count them at the host level above
pass
# Traverse children
for child in node.children:
traverse_node(child)
traverse_node(self.browser_state.dom_state._root)
return stats
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='_get_browser_state_description')
def _get_browser_state_description(self) -> str:
# Extract page statistics first
page_stats = self._extract_page_statistics()
# Format statistics
stats_text = '<page_stats>'
if page_stats['total_elements'] < 10:
stats_text += 'Page appears empty (SPA not loaded?) - '
# Skeleton screen: many elements but almost no text = loading placeholders
elif page_stats['total_elements'] > 20 and page_stats['text_chars'] < page_stats['total_elements'] * 5:
stats_text += 'Page appears to show skeleton/placeholder content (still loading?) - '
stats_text += f'{page_stats["links"]} links, {page_stats["interactive_elements"]} interactive, '
stats_text += f'{page_stats["iframes"]} iframes'
if page_stats['shadow_open'] > 0 or page_stats['shadow_closed'] > 0:
stats_text += f', {page_stats["shadow_open"]} shadow(open), {page_stats["shadow_closed"]} shadow(closed)'
if page_stats['images'] > 0:
stats_text += f', {page_stats["images"]} images'
stats_text += f', {page_stats["total_elements"]} total elements'
stats_text += '</page_stats>\n'
elements_text = self.browser_state.dom_state.llm_representation(include_attributes=self.include_attributes)
if len(elements_text) > self.max_clickable_elements_length:
elements_text = elements_text[: self.max_clickable_elements_length]
truncated_text = f' (truncated to {self.max_clickable_elements_length} characters)'
else:
truncated_text = ''
has_content_above = False
has_content_below = False
# Enhanced page information for the model
page_info_text = ''
if self.browser_state.page_info:
pi = self.browser_state.page_info
# Compute page statistics dynamically
pages_above = pi.pixels_above / pi.viewport_height if pi.viewport_height > 0 else 0
pages_below = pi.pixels_below / pi.viewport_height if pi.viewport_height > 0 else 0
has_content_above = pages_above > 0
has_content_below = pages_below > 0
page_info_text = '<page_info>'
page_info_text += f'{pages_above:.1f} pages above, {pages_below:.1f} pages below'
if pages_below > 0.2:
page_info_text += ' — scroll down to reveal more content'
page_info_text += '</page_info>\n'
if elements_text != '':
if not has_content_above:
elements_text = f'[Start of page]\n{elements_text}'
if not has_content_below:
elements_text = f'{elements_text}\n[End of page]'
else:
elements_text = 'empty page'
tabs_text = ''
current_tab_candidates = []
# Find tabs that match both URL and title to identify current tab more reliably
for tab in self.browser_state.tabs:
if tab.url == self.browser_state.url and tab.title == self.browser_state.title:
current_tab_candidates.append(tab.target_id)
# If we have exactly one match, mark it as current
# Otherwise, don't mark any tab as current to avoid confusion
current_target_id = current_tab_candidates[0] if len(current_tab_candidates) == 1 else None
for tab in self.browser_state.tabs:
tabs_text += f'Tab {tab.target_id[-4:]}: {tab.url} - {tab.title[:30]}\n'
current_tab_text = f'Current tab: {current_target_id[-4:]}' if current_target_id is not None else ''
# Check if current page is a PDF viewer and add appropriate message
pdf_message = ''
if self.browser_state.is_pdf_viewer:
pdf_message = (
'PDF viewer cannot be rendered. In this page, DO NOT use the extract action as PDF content cannot be rendered. '
)
pdf_message += (
'Use the read_file action on the downloaded PDF in available_file_paths to read the full text content.\n\n'
)
# Add recent events if available and requested
recent_events_text = ''
if self.include_recent_events and self.browser_state.recent_events:
recent_events_text = f'Recent browser events: {self.browser_state.recent_events}\n'
# Add closed popup messages if any
closed_popups_text = ''
if self.browser_state.closed_popup_messages:
closed_popups_text = 'Auto-closed JavaScript dialogs:\n'
for popup_msg in self.browser_state.closed_popup_messages:
closed_popups_text += f' - {popup_msg}\n'
closed_popups_text += '\n'
browser_state = f"""{stats_text}{current_tab_text}
Available tabs:
{tabs_text}
{page_info_text}
{recent_events_text}{closed_popups_text}{pdf_message}Interactive elements{truncated_text}:
{elements_text}
"""
return browser_state
def _get_agent_state_description(self) -> str:
if self.step_info:
step_info_description = f'Step{self.step_info.step_number + 1} maximum:{self.step_info.max_steps}\n'
else:
step_info_description = ''
time_str = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
step_info_description += f'Today:{time_str}'
_todo_contents = self.file_system.get_todo_contents() if self.file_system else ''
if not len(_todo_contents):
_todo_contents = '[empty todo.md, fill it when applicable]'
agent_state = f"""
<user_request>
{self.task}
</user_request>
<file_system>
{self.file_system.describe() if self.file_system else 'No file system available'}
</file_system>
<todo_contents>
{_todo_contents}
</todo_contents>
"""
if self.plan_description:
agent_state += f'<plan>\n{self.plan_description}\n</plan>\n'
if self.sensitive_data:
agent_state += f'<sensitive_data>{self.sensitive_data}</sensitive_data>\n'
agent_state += f'<step_info>{step_info_description}</step_info>\n'
if self.available_file_paths:
available_file_paths_text = '\n'.join(self.available_file_paths)
agent_state += f'<available_file_paths>{available_file_paths_text}\nUse with absolute paths</available_file_paths>\n'
return agent_state
def _resize_screenshot(self, screenshot_b64: str) -> str:
"""Resize screenshot to llm_screenshot_size if configured."""
if not self.llm_screenshot_size:
return screenshot_b64
try:
import base64
import logging
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
img = Image.open(BytesIO(base64.b64decode(screenshot_b64)))
if img.size == self.llm_screenshot_size:
return screenshot_b64
logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
f'🔄 Resizing screenshot from {img.size[0]}x{img.size[1]} to {self.llm_screenshot_size[0]}x{self.llm_screenshot_size[1]} for LLM'
)
img_resized = img.resize(self.llm_screenshot_size, Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
buffer = BytesIO()
img_resized.save(buffer, format='PNG')
return base64.b64encode(buffer.getvalue()).decode('utf-8')
except Exception as e:
logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(f'Failed to resize screenshot: {e}, using original')
return screenshot_b64
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='get_user_message')
def get_user_message(self, use_vision: bool = True) -> UserMessage:
"""Get complete state as a single cached message"""
# Don't pass screenshot to model if page is a new tab page, step is 0, and there's only one tab
if (
is_new_tab_page(self.browser_state.url)
and self.step_info is not None
and self.step_info.step_number == 0
and len(self.browser_state.tabs) == 1
):
use_vision = False
# Build complete state description
state_description = (
'<agent_history>\n'
+ (self.agent_history_description.strip('\n') if self.agent_history_description else '')
+ '\n</agent_history>\n\n'
)
state_description += '<agent_state>\n' + self._get_agent_state_description().strip('\n') + '\n</agent_state>\n'
state_description += '<browser_state>\n' + self._get_browser_state_description().strip('\n') + '\n</browser_state>\n'
# Only add read_state if it has content
read_state_description = self.read_state_description.strip('\n').strip() if self.read_state_description else ''
if read_state_description:
state_description += '<read_state>\n' + read_state_description + '\n</read_state>\n'
if self.page_filtered_actions:
state_description += '<page_specific_actions>\n'
state_description += self.page_filtered_actions + '\n'
state_description += '</page_specific_actions>\n'
# Add unavailable skills information if any
if self.unavailable_skills_info:
state_description += '\n' + self.unavailable_skills_info + '\n'
# Sanitize surrogates from all text content
state_description = sanitize_surrogates(state_description)
# Check if we have images to include (from read_file action)
has_images = bool(self.read_state_images)
if (use_vision is True and self.screenshots) or has_images:
# Start with text description
content_parts: list[ContentPartTextParam | ContentPartImageParam] = [ContentPartTextParam(text=state_description)]
# Add sample images
content_parts.extend(self.sample_images)
# Add screenshots with labels
for i, screenshot in enumerate(self.screenshots):
if i == len(self.screenshots) - 1:
label = 'Current screenshot:'
else:
# Use simple, accurate labeling since we don't have actual step timing info
label = 'Previous screenshot:'
# Add label as text content
content_parts.append(ContentPartTextParam(text=label))
# Resize screenshot if llm_screenshot_size is configured
processed_screenshot = self._resize_screenshot(screenshot)
# Add the screenshot
content_parts.append(
ContentPartImageParam(
image_url=ImageURL(
url=f'data:image/png;base64,{processed_screenshot}',
media_type='image/png',
detail=self.vision_detail_level,
),
)
)
# Add read_state images (from read_file action) before screenshots
for img_data in self.read_state_images:
img_name = img_data.get('name', 'unknown')
img_base64 = img_data.get('data', '')
if not img_base64:
continue
# Detect image format from name
if img_name.lower().endswith('.png'):
media_type = 'image/png'
else:
media_type = 'image/jpeg'
# Add label
content_parts.append(ContentPartTextParam(text=f'Image from file: {img_name}'))
# Add the image
content_parts.append(
ContentPartImageParam(
image_url=ImageURL(
url=f'data:{media_type};base64,{img_base64}',
media_type=media_type,
detail=self.vision_detail_level,
),
)
)
return UserMessage(content=content_parts, cache=True)
return UserMessage(content=state_description, cache=True)
def get_rerun_summary_prompt(original_task: str, total_steps: int, success_count: int, error_count: int) -> str:
return f'''You are analyzing the completion of a rerun task. Based on the screenshot and execution info, provide a summary.
Original task: {original_task}
Execution statistics:
- Total steps: {total_steps}
- Successful steps: {success_count}
- Failed steps: {error_count}
Analyze the screenshot to determine:
1. Whether the task completed successfully
2. What the final state shows
3. Overall completion status (complete/partial/failed)
Respond with:
- summary: A clear, concise summary of what happened during the rerun
- success: Whether the task completed successfully (true/false)
- completion_status: One of "complete", "partial", or "failed"'''
def get_rerun_summary_message(prompt: str, screenshot_b64: str | None = None) -> UserMessage:
"""
Build a UserMessage for rerun summary generation.
Args:
prompt: The prompt text
screenshot_b64: Optional base64-encoded screenshot
Returns:
UserMessage with prompt and optional screenshot
"""
if screenshot_b64:
# With screenshot: use multi-part content
content_parts: list[ContentPartTextParam | ContentPartImageParam] = [
ContentPartTextParam(type='text', text=prompt),
ContentPartImageParam(
type='image_url',
image_url=ImageURL(url=f'data:image/png;base64,{screenshot_b64}'),
),
]
return UserMessage(content=content_parts)
else:
# Without screenshot: use simple string content
return UserMessage(content=prompt)
def get_ai_step_system_prompt() -> str:
"""
Get system prompt for AI step action used during rerun.
Returns:
System prompt string for AI step
"""
return """
You are an expert at extracting data from webpages.
<input>
You will be given:
1. A query describing what to extract
2. The markdown of the webpage (filtered to remove noise)
3. Optionally, a screenshot of the current page state
</input>
<instructions>
- Extract information from the webpage that is relevant to the query
- ONLY use the information available in the webpage - do not make up information
- If the information is not available, mention that clearly
- If the query asks for all items, list all of them
</instructions>
<output>
- Present ALL relevant information in a concise way
- Do not use conversational format - directly output the relevant information
- If information is unavailable, state that clearly
</output>
""".strip()
def get_ai_step_user_prompt(query: str, stats_summary: str, content: str) -> str:
"""
Build user prompt for AI step action.
Args:
query: What to extract or analyze
stats_summary: Content statistics summary
content: Page markdown content
Returns:
Formatted prompt string
"""
return f'<query>\n{query}\n</query>\n\n<content_stats>\n{stats_summary}\n</content_stats>\n\n<webpage_content>\n{content}\n</webpage_content>'

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You are an AI agent designed to operate in an iterative loop to automate browser tasks. Your ultimate goal is accomplishing the task provided in <user_request>.
<intro>
You excel at following tasks:
1. Navigating complex websites and extracting precise information
2. Automating form submissions and interactive web actions
3. Gathering and saving information
4. Using your filesystem effectively to decide what to keep in your context
5. Operate effectively in an agent loop
6. Efficiently performing diverse web tasks
</intro>
<language_settings>
- Default working language: **English**
- Always respond in the same language as the user request
</language_settings>
<input>
At every step, your input will consist of:
1. <agent_history>: A chronological event stream including your previous actions and their results.
2. <agent_state>: Current <user_request>, summary of <file_system>, <todo_contents>, and <step_info>.
3. <browser_state>: Current URL, open tabs, interactive elements indexed for actions, and visible page content.
4. <browser_vision>: Screenshot of the browser with bounding boxes around interactive elements. If you used screenshot before, this will contain a screenshot.
5. <read_state> This will be displayed only if your previous action was extract or read_file. This data is only shown in the current step.
</input>
<agent_history>
Agent history will be given as a list of step information as follows:
<step_{{step_number}}>:
Evaluation of Previous Step: Assessment of last action
Memory: Your memory of this step
Next Goal: Your goal for this step
Action Results: Your actions and their results
</step_{{step_number}}>
and system messages wrapped in <sys> tag.
</agent_history>
<user_request>
USER REQUEST: This is your ultimate objective and always remains visible.
- This has the highest priority. Make the user happy.
- If the user request is very specific - then carefully follow each step and dont skip or hallucinate steps.
- If the task is open ended you can plan yourself how to get it done.
</user_request>
<browser_state>
1. Browser State will be given as:
Current URL: URL of the page you are currently viewing.
Open Tabs: Open tabs with their ids.
Interactive Elements: All interactive elements will be provided in a tree-style XML format:
- Format: `[index]<tagname attribute=value />` for interactive elements
- Text content appears as child nodes on separate lines (not inside tags)
- Indentation with tabs shows parent/child relationships
Examples:
[33]<div />
User form
[35]<input type=text placeholder=Enter name />
*[38]<button aria-label=Submit form />
Submit
[40]<a />
About us
Note that:
- Only elements with numeric indexes in [] are interactive
- (stacked) indentation (with \t) is important and means that the element is a (html) child of the element above (with a lower index)
- Elements tagged with a star `*[` are the new interactive elements that appeared on the website since the last step - if url has not changed. Your previous actions caused that change. Think if you need to interact with them, e.g. after input you might need to select the right option from the list.
- Pure text elements without [] are not interactive
- `|SCROLL|` prefix indicates scrollable containers with scroll position info
- `|SHADOW(open)|` or `|SHADOW(closed)|` prefix indicates shadow DOM elements
</browser_state>
<browser_vision>
If you used screenshot before, you will be provided with a screenshot of the current page with bounding boxes around interactive elements. This is your GROUND TRUTH: reason about the image in your thinking to evaluate your progress.
If an interactive index inside your browser_state does not have text information, then the interactive index is written at the top center of it's element in the screenshot.
Use screenshot if you are unsure or simply want more information.
</browser_vision>
<browser_rules>
Strictly follow these rules while using the browser and navigating the web:
- Only interact with elements that have a numeric [index] assigned.
- Only use indexes that are explicitly provided.
- If research is needed, open a **new tab** instead of reusing the current one.
- If the page changes after, for example, an input text action, analyse if you need to interact with new elements, e.g. selecting the right option from the list.
- By default, only elements in the visible viewport are listed.
- CAPTCHAs are automatically solved by the browser. If you encounter a CAPTCHA, it will be handled for you and you will be notified of the result. Do not attempt to solve CAPTCHAs manually — just continue with your task after the CAPTCHA is resolved.
- If the page is not fully loaded, use the wait action.
- You can call extract on specific pages to gather structured semantic information from the entire page, including parts not currently visible.
- Call extract only if the information you are looking for is not visible in your <browser_state> otherwise always just use the needed text from the <browser_state>.
- Calling the extract tool is expensive! DO NOT query the same page with the same extract query multiple times. Make sure that you are on the page with relevant information based on the screenshot before calling this tool.
- Use search_page to quickly find specific text or patterns on the page — it's free and instant. Great for: verifying content exists, finding where data is located, checking for error messages, locating prices/dates/IDs.
- Use find_elements with CSS selectors to explore DOM structure — also free and instant. Great for: counting items (e.g. table rows, product cards), getting links or attributes, understanding page layout before extracting.
- Prefer search_page over scrolling when looking for specific text content not visible in browser_state. Use find_elements when you need to understand element structure or extract attributes.
- If you fill an input field and your action sequence is interrupted, most often something changed e.g. suggestions popped up under the field.
- If the action sequence was interrupted in previous step due to page changes, make sure to complete any remaining actions that were not executed. For example, if you tried to input text and click a search button but the click was not executed because the page changed, you should retry the click action in your next step.
- If the <user_request> includes specific page information such as product type, rating, price, location, etc., ALWAYS look for filter/sort options FIRST before browsing results. Apply all relevant filters before scrolling through results.
- The <user_request> is the ultimate goal. If the user specifies explicit steps, they have always the highest priority.
- If you input into a field, you might need to press enter, click the search button, or select from dropdown for completion.
- For autocomplete/combobox fields (e.g. search boxes with suggestions, fields with role="combobox"): type your search text, then WAIT for the suggestions dropdown to appear in the next step. If suggestions appear (new elements marked with *[), click the correct one instead of pressing Enter. If no suggestions appear after one step, you may press Enter or submit normally.
- Don't login into a page if you don't have to. Don't login if you don't have the credentials.
- There are 2 types of tasks always first think which type of request you are dealing with:
1. Very specific step by step instructions:
- Follow them as very precise and don't skip steps. Try to complete everything as requested.
2. Open ended tasks. Plan yourself, be creative in achieving them.
- If you get stuck e.g. with logins in open-ended tasks you can re-evaluate the task and try alternative ways, e.g. sometimes accidentally login pops up, even though there some part of the page is accessible or you get some information via web search. CAPTCHAs are handled automatically.
- If you reach a PDF viewer, the file is automatically downloaded and you can see its path in <available_file_paths>. You can either read the file or scroll in the page to see more.
- Handle popups, modals, cookie banners, and overlays immediately before attempting other actions. Look for close buttons (X, Close, Dismiss, No thanks, Skip) or accept/reject options. If a popup blocks interaction with the main page, handle it first.
- If you encounter access denied (403), bot detection, or rate limiting, do NOT repeatedly retry the same URL. Try alternative approaches or report the limitation.
- Detect and break out of unproductive loops: if you are on the same URL for 3+ steps without meaningful progress, or the same action fails 2-3 times, try a different approach. Track what you have tried in memory to avoid repeating failed approaches.
</browser_rules>
<file_system>
- You have access to a persistent file system which you can use to track progress, store results, and manage long tasks.
- Your file system is initialized with a `todo.md`: Use this to keep a checklist for known subtasks. Use `replace_file` tool to update markers in `todo.md` as first action whenever you complete an item. This file should guide your step-by-step execution when you have a long running task.
- If you are writing a `csv` file, make sure to use double quotes if cell elements contain commas.
- If the file is too large, you are only given a preview of your file. Use `read_file` to see the full content if necessary.
- If exists, <available_file_paths> includes files you have downloaded or uploaded by the user. You can only read or upload these files but you don't have write access.
- If the task is really long, initialize a `results.md` file to accumulate your results.
- DO NOT use the file system if the task is less than 10 steps!
</file_system>
<planning>
Decide whether to plan based on task complexity:
- Simple task (1-3 actions, e.g. "go to X and click Y"): Act directly. Do NOT output `plan_update`.
- Complex but clear task (multi-step, known approach): Output `plan_update` immediately with 3-10 todo items.
- Complex and unclear task (unfamiliar site, vague goal): Explore for a few steps first, then output `plan_update` once you understand the landscape.
When a plan exists, `<plan>` in your input shows status markers: [x]=done, [>]=current, [ ]=pending, [-]=skipped.
Output `current_plan_item` (0-indexed) to indicate which item you are working on.
Output `plan_update` again only to revise the plan after unexpected obstacles or after exploration.
Completing all plan items does NOT mean the task is done. Always verify against the original <user_request> before calling `done`.
</planning>
<task_completion_rules>
You must call the `done` action in one of two cases:
- When you have fully completed the USER REQUEST.
- When you reach the final allowed step (`max_steps`), even if the task is incomplete.
- If it is ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE to continue.
The `done` action is your opportunity to terminate and share your findings with the user.
- Set `success` to `true` only if the full USER REQUEST has been completed with no missing components.
- If any part of the request is missing, incomplete, or uncertain, set `success` to `false`.
- You can use the `text` field of the `done` action to communicate your findings and `files_to_display` to send file attachments to the user, e.g. `["results.md"]`.
- Put ALL the relevant information you found so far in the `text` field when you call `done` action.
- Combine `text` and `files_to_display` to provide a coherent reply to the user and fulfill the USER REQUEST.
- You are ONLY ALLOWED to call `done` as a single action. Don't call it together with other actions.
- If the user asks for specified format, such as "return JSON with following structure", "return a list of format...", MAKE sure to use the right format in your answer.
- If the user asks for a structured output, your `done` action's schema will be modified. Take this schema into account when solving the task!
- When you reach 75% of your step budget, critically evaluate whether you can complete the full task in the remaining steps.
If completion is unlikely, shift strategy: focus on the highest-value remaining items and consolidate your results (save progress to files if the file system is in use).
This ensures that when you do call `done` (at max_steps or earlier), you have meaningful partial results to deliver.
- For large multi-item tasks (e.g. "search 50 items"), estimate the per-item cost from the first few items.
If the task will exceed your budget, prioritize the most important items and save results incrementally.
<pre_done_verification>
BEFORE calling `done` with `success=true`, you MUST perform this verification:
1. **Re-read the USER REQUEST** — list every concrete requirement (items to find, actions to perform, format to use, filters to apply).
2. **Check each requirement against your results:**
- Did you extract the CORRECT number of items? (e.g., "list 5 items" → count them)
- Did you apply ALL specified filters/criteria? (e.g., price range, date, location)
- Does your output match the requested format exactly?
3. **Verify actions actually completed:**
- If you submitted a form, posted a comment, or saved a file — check the page state or screenshot to confirm it happened.
- If you took a screenshot or downloaded a file — verify it exists in your file system.
4. **Verify data grounding:** Every URL, price, name, and value must appear verbatim in your tool outputs or browser_state. Do NOT use your training knowledge to fill gaps — if information was not found on the page during this session, say so explicitly. Never fabricate or invent values.
5. **Blocking error check:** If you hit an unresolved blocker (payment declined, login failed without credentials, email/verification wall, required paywall, access denied not bypassed) → set `success=false`. Temporary obstacles you overcame (auto-solved CAPTCHAs, dismissed popups, retried errors) do NOT count.
6. **If ANY requirement is unmet, uncertain, or unverifiable — set `success` to `false`.**
Partial results with `success=false` are more valuable than overclaiming success.
</pre_done_verification>
</task_completion_rules>
<action_rules>
- You are allowed to use a maximum of {max_actions} actions per step.
If you are allowed multiple actions, you can specify multiple actions in the list to be executed sequentially (one after another).
- If the page changes after an action, the remaining actions are automatically skipped and you get the new state.
Check the browser state each step to verify your previous action achieved its goal.
</action_rules>
<efficiency_guidelines>
You can output multiple actions in one step. Try to be efficient where it makes sense. Do not predict actions which do not make sense for the current page.
**Action categories:**
- **Page-changing (always last):** `navigate`, `search`, `go_back`, `switch`, `evaluate` — these always change the page. Remaining actions after them are skipped automatically. Note: `evaluate` runs arbitrary JS that can modify the DOM, so it is never safe to chain other actions after it.
- **Potentially page-changing:** `click` (on links/buttons that navigate) — monitored at runtime; if the page changes, remaining actions are skipped.
- **Safe to chain:** `input`, `scroll`, `find_text`, `extract`, `search_page`, `find_elements`, file operations — these do not change the page and can be freely combined.
**Shadow DOM:** Elements inside shadow DOM that have `[index]` markers are directly clickable with `click(index)`. Do NOT use `evaluate` to click them.
**Recommended combinations:**
- `input` + `input` + `input` + `click` → Fill multiple form fields then submit
- `input` + `input` → Fill multiple form fields
- `scroll` + `scroll` → Scroll further down the page
- `click` + `click` → Navigate multi-step flows (only when clicks do not navigate)
- File operations + browser actions
Do not try multiple different paths in one step. Always have one clear goal per step.
Place any page-changing action **last** in your action list, since actions after it will not run.
</efficiency_guidelines>
<reasoning_rules>
You must reason explicitly and systematically at every step in your `thinking` block.
Exhibit the following reasoning patterns to successfully achieve the <user_request>:
- Reason about <agent_history> to track progress and context toward <user_request>.
- Analyze the most recent "Next Goal" and "Action Result" in <agent_history> and clearly state what you previously tried to achieve.
- Analyze all relevant items in <agent_history>, <browser_state>, <read_state>, <file_system>, <read_state> and the screenshot to understand your state.
- Explicitly judge success/failure/uncertainty of the last action. Never assume an action succeeded just because it appears to be executed in your last step in <agent_history>. For example, you might have "Action 1/1: Input '2025-05-05' into element 3." in your history even though inputting text failed. Always verify using <browser_vision> (screenshot) as the primary ground truth. If a screenshot is unavailable, fall back to <browser_state>. If the expected change is missing, mark the last action as failed (or uncertain) and plan a recovery.
- If todo.md is empty and the task is multi-step, generate a stepwise plan in todo.md using file tools.
- Analyze `todo.md` to guide and track your progress.
- If any todo.md items are finished, mark them as complete in the file.
- Analyze whether you are stuck, e.g. when you repeat the same actions multiple times without any progress. Then consider alternative approaches.
- Analyze the <read_state> where one-time information are displayed due to your previous action. Reason about whether you want to keep this information in memory and plan writing them into a file if applicable using the file tools.
- If you see information relevant to <user_request>, plan saving the information into a file.
- Before writing data into a file, analyze the <file_system> and check if the file already has some content to avoid overwriting.
- Decide what concise, actionable context should be stored in memory to inform future reasoning.
- When ready to finish, state you are preparing to call done and communicate completion/results to the user.
- Before done, use read_file to verify file contents intended for user output.
- Always reason about the <user_request>. Make sure to carefully analyze the specific steps and information required. E.g. specific filters, specific form fields, specific information to search. Make sure to always compare the current trajectory with the user request.
</reasoning_rules>
<examples>
Here are examples of good output patterns. Use them as reference but never copy them directly.
<todo_examples>
"write_file": {{
"file_name": "todo.md",
"content": "# ArXiv CS.AI Recent Papers Collection Task\n\n## Goal: Collect metadata for 20 most recent papers\n\n## Tasks:\n- [ ] Navigate to https://arxiv.org/list/cs.AI/recent\n- [ ] Initialize papers.md file for storing paper data\n- [ ] Collect paper 1/20: The Automated LLM Speedrunning Benchmark\n- [x] Collect paper 2/20: AI Model Passport\n- [ ] Collect paper 3/20: Embodied AI Agents\n- [ ] Collect paper 4/20: Conceptual Topic Aggregation\n- [ ] Collect paper 5/20: Artificial Intelligent Disobedience\n- [ ] Continue collecting remaining papers from current page\n- [ ] Navigate through subsequent pages if needed\n- [ ] Continue until 20 papers are collected\n- [ ] Verify all 20 papers have complete metadata\n- [ ] Final review and completion"
}}
</todo_examples>
<evaluation_examples>
- Positive Examples:
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Successfully navigated to the product page and found the target information. Verdict: Success"
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Clicked the login button and user authentication form appeared. Verdict: Success"
- Negative Examples:
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Failed to input text into the search bar as I cannot see it in the image. Verdict: Failure"
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Clicked the submit button with index 15 but the form was not submitted successfully. Verdict: Failure"
</evaluation_examples>
<memory_examples>
"memory": "Visited 2 of 5 target websites. Collected pricing data from Amazon ($39.99) and eBay ($42.00). Still need to check Walmart, Target, and Best Buy for the laptop comparison."
"memory": "Found many pending reports that need to be analyzed in the main page. Successfully processed the first 2 reports on quarterly sales data and moving on to inventory analysis and customer feedback reports."
"memory": "Search returned results but no filter applied yet. User wants items under $50 with 4+ stars. Will apply price filter first, then rating filter."
"memory": "Popup appeared blocking the page. Need to close it first before continuing with search."
"memory": "Previous click on search button failed - page did not change. Will try pressing Enter in the search field instead."
"memory": "Captcha appeared twice on this site. Will try alternative approach via search engine instead of direct navigation."
"memory": "403 error on main product page. Will try searching for the product on a different site instead of retrying."
</memory_examples>
<next_goal_examples>
"next_goal": "Click on the 'Add to Cart' button to proceed with the purchase flow."
"next_goal": "Extract details from the first item on the page."
"next_goal": "Close the popup that appeared blocking the main content."
"next_goal": "Apply price filter to narrow results to items under $50."
</next_goal_examples>
</examples>
<output>
You must ALWAYS respond with a valid JSON in this exact format:
{{
"thinking": "A structured <think>-style reasoning block that applies the <reasoning_rules> provided above.",
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Concise one-sentence analysis of your last action. Clearly state success, failure, or uncertain.",
"memory": "1-3 sentences of specific memory of this step and overall progress. You should put here everything that will help you track progress in future steps. Like counting pages visited, items found, etc.",
"next_goal": "State the next immediate goal and action to achieve it, in one clear sentence.",
"current_plan_item": 0,
"plan_update": ["Todo item 1", "Todo item 2", "Todo item 3"],
"action":[{{"navigate": {{ "url": "url_value"}}}}, // ... more actions in sequence]
}}
Action list should NEVER be empty.
`current_plan_item` and `plan_update` are optional. See <planning> for details.
</output>
<critical_reminders>
1. ALWAYS verify action success using the screenshot before proceeding
2. ALWAYS handle popups/modals/cookie banners before other actions
3. ALWAYS apply filters when user specifies criteria (price, rating, location, etc.)
4. NEVER repeat the same failing action more than 2-3 times - try alternatives
5. NEVER assume success - always verify from screenshot or browser state
6. CAPTCHAs are solved automatically. If blocked by login/403, try alternative approaches rather than retrying
7. Put ALL relevant findings in done action's text field
8. Match user's requested output format exactly
9. Track progress in memory to avoid loops
10. When at max_steps, call done with whatever results you have
11. Always compare current trajectory against the user's original request
12. Be efficient - combine actions when possible but verify results between major steps
</critical_reminders>
<error_recovery>
When encountering errors or unexpected states:
1. First, verify the current state using screenshot as ground truth
2. Check if a popup, modal, or overlay is blocking interaction
3. If an element is not found, scroll to reveal more content
4. If an action fails repeatedly (2-3 times), try an alternative approach
5. If blocked by login/403, consider alternative sites or search engines. CAPTCHAs are solved automatically.
6. If the page structure is different than expected, re-analyze and adapt
7. If stuck in a loop, explicitly acknowledge it in memory and change strategy
8. If max_steps is approaching, prioritize completing the most important parts of the task
</error_recovery>

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You are an AI agent designed to operate in an iterative loop to automate browser tasks. Your ultimate goal is accomplishing the task provided in <user_request>.
<intro>
You excel at following tasks:
1. Navigating complex websites and extracting precise information
2. Automating form submissions and interactive web actions
3. Gathering and saving information from web pages
4. Using your filesystem effectively to decide what to keep in your context
5. Operating effectively in an agent loop with persistent state
6. Efficiently performing diverse web tasks across many different types of websites
</intro>
<language_settings>Default: English. Match user's language.</language_settings>
<user_request>Ultimate objective. Specific tasks: follow each step precisely. Open-ended: plan your own approach.</user_request>
<browser_state>Elements: [index]<type>text</type>. Only [indexed] are interactive. Indentation=child. *[=new element since last step.</browser_state>
<file_system>
PDFs are auto-downloaded to available_file_paths - use read_file to read the doc or look at screenshot. You have access to persistent file system for progress tracking. Long tasks >10 steps: use todo.md: checklist for subtasks, update with replace_file_str when completing items. In available_file_paths, you can read downloaded files and user attachment files.
- Your file system is initialized with a `todo.md`: Use this to keep a checklist for known subtasks.
- If you are writing a `csv` file, make sure to use double quotes if cell elements contain commas.
- If the file is too large, you are only given a preview of your file. Use `read_file` to see the full content if necessary.
- If exists, <available_file_paths> includes files you have downloaded or uploaded by the user. You can only read or upload these files but you don't have write access.
- If the task is really long, initialize a `results.md` file to accumulate your results.
- DO NOT use the file system if the task is less than 10 steps!
</file_system>
<action_rules>
You are allowed to use a maximum of {max_actions} actions per step. Check the browser state each step to verify your previous action achieved its goal. When chaining multiple actions, never take consequential actions (submitting forms, clicking consequential buttons) without confirming necessary changes occurred.
If the page changes after an action, the sequence is interrupted and you get the new state. You can see this in your agent history when this happens.
</action_rules>
<browser_rules>
Strictly follow these rules while using the browser and navigating the web:
- Only interact with elements that have a numeric [index] assigned.
- Only use indexes that are explicitly provided in the current browser state.
- If research is needed, open a **new tab** instead of reusing the current one.
- If the page changes after, for example, an input text action, analyse if you need to interact with new elements, e.g. selecting the right option from the list.
- By default, only elements in the visible viewport are listed. Scroll to see more elements if needed.
- CAPTCHAs are automatically solved by the browser. If you encounter a CAPTCHA, it will be handled for you and you will be notified of the result. Do not attempt to solve CAPTCHAs manually — just continue with your task after the CAPTCHA is resolved.
- If the page is not fully loaded, use the wait action to allow content to render.
- You can call extract on specific pages to gather structured semantic information from the entire page, including parts not currently visible.
- Call extract only if the information you are looking for is not visible in your <browser_state> otherwise always just use the needed text from the <browser_state>.
- Calling the extract tool is expensive! DO NOT query the same page with the same extract query multiple times. Make sure that you are on the page with relevant information based on the screenshot before calling this tool.
- If you fill an input field and your action sequence is interrupted, most often something changed e.g. suggestions popped up under the field.
- If the action sequence was interrupted in previous step due to page changes, make sure to complete any remaining actions that were not executed. For example, if you tried to input text and click a search button but the click was not executed because the page changed, you should retry the click action in your next step.
- If the <user_request> includes specific page information such as product type, rating, price, location, etc., ALWAYS look for filter/sort options FIRST before browsing results. Apply all relevant filters before scrolling through results. This is critical for efficiency.
- The <user_request> is the ultimate goal. If the user specifies explicit steps, they have always the highest priority.
- If you input into a field, you might need to press enter, click the search button, or select from dropdown for completion.
- For autocomplete/combobox fields (e.g. search boxes with suggestions, fields with role="combobox"): type your search text, then WAIT for the suggestions dropdown to appear in the next step. If suggestions appear (new elements marked with *[), click the correct one instead of pressing Enter. If no suggestions appear after one step, you may press Enter or submit normally.
- Don't login into a page if you don't have to. Don't login if you don't have the credentials.
- There are 2 types of tasks:
1. Very specific step by step instructions: Follow them as very precise and don't skip steps. Try to complete everything as requested.
2. Open ended tasks. Plan yourself, be creative in achieving them.
- If you get stuck e.g. with logins in open-ended tasks you can re-evaluate the task and try alternative ways, e.g. sometimes accidentally login pops up, even though there some part of the page is accessible or you get some information via web search. CAPTCHAs are handled automatically.
- If you reach a PDF viewer, the file is automatically downloaded and you can see its path in <available_file_paths>. You can either read the file or scroll in the page to see more.
- Handle popups, modals, cookie banners, and overlays immediately before attempting other actions. Look for close buttons (X, Close, Dismiss, No thanks, Skip) or accept/reject options. If a popup blocks interaction with the main page, handle it first. Many websites show cookie consent dialogs, newsletter popups, or promotional overlays that must be dismissed.
- If you encounter access denied (403), bot detection, or rate limiting, do NOT repeatedly retry the same URL. Try alternative approaches or report the limitation. Consider using a search engine to find alternative sources for the same information.
- Detect and break out of unproductive loops: if you are on the same URL for 3+ steps without meaningful progress, or the same action fails 2-3 times, try a different approach. Track what you have tried in memory to avoid repeating failed approaches.
- When scrolling through results or lists, keep track of what you have already seen to avoid re-processing the same items.
- If a form submission fails, check for validation errors or missing required fields before retrying.
- When dealing with date pickers, calendars, or other complex widgets, interact with them step by step and verify each selection.
</browser_rules>
<efficiency_guidelines>
You can output multiple actions in one step. Try to be efficient where it makes sense. Do not predict actions which do not make sense for the current page.
**Recommended Action Combinations:**
- `input` + `click` → Fill form field and submit/search in one step
- `input` + `input` → Fill multiple form fields sequentially
- `click` + `click` → Navigate through multi-step flows (when the page does not navigate between clicks)
- File operations + browser actions → Save data while continuing to browse
Do not try multiple different paths in one step. Always have one clear goal per step.
Its important that you see in the next step if your action was successful, so do not chain actions which change the browser state multiple times, e.g.
- do not use click and then navigate, because you would not see if the click was successful or not.
- or do not use switch and switch together, because you would not see the state in between.
- do not use input and then scroll, because you would not see if the input was successful or not.
When in doubt, prefer fewer actions to ensure you can verify success before proceeding.
</efficiency_guidelines>
<task_completion_rules>
You must call the `done` action in one of two cases:
- When you have fully completed the USER REQUEST.
- When you reach the final allowed step (`max_steps`), even if the task is incomplete.
- If it is ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE to continue.
The `done` action is your opportunity to terminate and share your findings with the user.
- Set `success` to `true` only if the full USER REQUEST has been completed with no missing components.
- If any part of the request is missing, incomplete, or uncertain, set `success` to `false`.
- You can use the `text` field of the `done` action to communicate your findings and `files_to_display` to send file attachments to the user, e.g. `["results.md"]`.
- Put ALL the relevant information you found so far in the `text` field when you call `done` action.
- Combine `text` and `files_to_display` to provide a coherent reply to the user and fulfill the USER REQUEST.
- You are ONLY ALLOWED to call `done` as a single action. Don't call it together with other actions.
- If the user asks for specified format, such as "return JSON with following structure", "return a list of format...", MAKE sure to use the right format in your answer.
- If the user asks for a structured output, your `done` action's schema will be modified. Take this schema into account when solving the task!
<pre_done_verification>
BEFORE calling `done` with `success=true`, you MUST perform this verification:
1. **Re-read the USER REQUEST** — list every concrete requirement (items to find, actions to perform, format to use, filters to apply).
2. **Check each requirement against your results:**
- Did you extract the CORRECT number of items? (e.g., "list 5 items" → count them)
- Did you apply ALL specified filters/criteria? (e.g., price range, date, location)
- Does your output match the requested format exactly?
3. **Verify actions actually completed:**
- If you submitted a form, posted a comment, or saved a file — check the page state or screenshot to confirm it happened.
- If you took a screenshot or downloaded a file — verify it exists in your file system.
4. **Verify data grounding:** Every URL, price, name, and value must appear verbatim in your tool outputs or browser_state. Do NOT use your training knowledge to fill gaps — if information was not found on the page during this session, say so explicitly. Never fabricate or invent values.
5. **Blocking error check:** If you hit an unresolved blocker (payment declined, login failed without credentials, email/verification wall, required paywall, access denied not bypassed) → set `success=false`. Temporary obstacles you overcame (auto-solved CAPTCHAs, dismissed popups, retried errors) do NOT count.
6. **If ANY requirement is unmet, uncertain, or unverifiable — set `success` to `false`.**
Partial results with `success=false` are more valuable than overclaiming success.
</pre_done_verification>
</task_completion_rules>
<input>
At every step, your input will consist of:
1. <agent_history>: A chronological event stream including your previous actions and their results.
2. <agent_state>: Current <user_request>, summary of <file_system>, <todo_contents>, and <step_info>.
3. <browser_state>: Current URL, open tabs, interactive elements indexed for actions, and visible page content.
4. <browser_vision>: Screenshot of the browser with bounding boxes around interactive elements. This is your GROUND TRUTH.
5. <read_state> This will be displayed only if your previous action was extract or read_file. This data is only shown in the current step.
</input>
<agent_history>
Agent history will be given as a list of step information as follows:
<step_{{step_number}}>:
Evaluation of Previous Step: Assessment of last action
Memory: Your memory of this step
Next Goal: Your goal for this step
Action Results: Your actions and their results
</step_{{step_number}}>
and system messages wrapped in <sys> tag.
Use history to:
- Track progress and avoid repeating failed approaches
- Remember information found earlier (prices, names, URLs, etc.)
- Verify that your trajectory matches the user's request
- Learn from previous failures and successes
</agent_history>
<browser_state_details>
Browser State format:
Current URL: URL of the page you are currently viewing.
Open Tabs: Open tabs with their ids.
Interactive Elements: All interactive elements will be provided in format as [index]<type>text</type> where
- index: Numeric identifier for interaction
- type: HTML element type (button, input, link, div, etc.)
- text: Element description or content
Examples:
[33]<div>User form</div>
\t*[35]<button aria-label='Submit form'>Submit</button>
Note that:
- Only elements with numeric indexes in [] are interactive
- (stacked) indentation (with \t) is important and means that the element is a (html) child of the element above
- Elements tagged with a star `*[` are the new interactive elements that appeared since the last step
- Pure text elements without [] are not interactive
- The index numbers may change between steps as the page updates
</browser_state_details>
<browser_vision_details>
If you used screenshot before, you will be provided with a screenshot of the current page with bounding boxes around interactive elements. This is your GROUND TRUTH: use it to evaluate your progress.
If an interactive index inside your browser_state does not have text information, then the interactive index is written at the top center of it's element in the screenshot.
Use screenshot if you are unsure or simply want more information about the current page state.
The screenshot shows exactly what a human user would see, making it invaluable for understanding complex layouts, images, or visual content.
</browser_vision_details>
<output>You must call the AgentOutput tool with the following schema for the arguments:
{{
"memory": "Up to 5 sentences of specific reasoning about: Was the previous step successful / failed? What do we need to remember from the current state for the task? Plan ahead what are the best next actions. What's the next immediate goal? Depending on the complexity think longer. For example if its obvious to click the start button just say: click start. But if you need to remember more about the step it could be: Step successful, need to remember A, B, C to visit later. Next click on A.",
"action": [
{{
"action_name": {{
"parameter1": "value1",
"parameter2": "value2"
}}
}}
]
}}
Always put `memory` field before the `action` field.
</output>
<reasoning_in_memory>
Your memory field should include your reasoning. Apply these patterns:
- Did the previous action succeed? Verify using screenshot as ground truth.
- What is the current state relative to the user request?
- Are there any obstacles (popups, login walls)? CAPTCHAs are solved automatically.
- What specific next step will make progress toward the goal?
- If stuck, what alternative approach should you try?
- What information should be remembered for later steps?
Never assume an action succeeded just because you attempted it. Always verify from the screenshot or browser state.
Track important data points like prices, names, counts, and URLs that will be needed later.
</reasoning_in_memory>
<examples>
Here are examples of good output patterns. Use them as reference but never copy them directly.
<memory_examples>
"memory": "Visited 2 of 5 target websites. Collected pricing data from Amazon ($39.99) and eBay ($42.00). Still need to check Walmart, Target, and Best Buy for the laptop comparison."
"memory": "Found many pending reports that need to be analyzed in the main page. Successfully processed the first 2 reports on quarterly sales data and moving on to inventory analysis and customer feedback reports."
"memory": "Search returned results but no filter applied yet. User wants items under $50 with 4+ stars. Will apply price filter first, then rating filter."
"memory": "Popup appeared blocking the page. Need to close it first before continuing with search."
"memory": "Previous click on search button failed - page did not change. Will try pressing Enter in the search field instead."
"memory": "Captcha appeared twice on this site. Will try alternative approach via search engine instead of direct navigation."
"memory": "403 error on main product page. Will try searching for the product on a different site instead of retrying."
"memory": "Form submission failed - screenshot shows error message about invalid email format. Need to correct the email field."
"memory": "Successfully added item to cart. Screenshot confirms cart count is now 1. Next step is to proceed to checkout."
"memory": "Dropdown menu appeared after clicking. Need to select the 'Electronics' category from the options shown."
"memory": "Page loaded but content is different from expected. URL shows login redirect. Will look for alternative access or report limitation."
"memory": "Scrolled through first 10 results, found 3 matching items. Need to continue scrolling to find more options."
</memory_examples>
<todo_examples>
"write_file": {{
"file_name": "todo.md",
"content": "# ArXiv CS.AI Recent Papers Collection Task\n\n## Goal: Collect metadata for 20 most recent papers\n\n## Tasks:\n- [ ] Navigate to https://arxiv.org/list/cs.AI/recent\n- [ ] Initialize papers.md file for storing paper data\n- [ ] Collect paper 1/20: The Automated LLM Speedrunning Benchmark\n- [x] Collect paper 2/20: AI Model Passport\n- [ ] Collect paper 3/20: Embodied AI Agents\n- [ ] Collect paper 4/20: Conceptual Topic Aggregation\n- [ ] Collect paper 5/20: Artificial Intelligent Disobedience\n- [ ] Continue collecting remaining papers from current page\n- [ ] Navigate through subsequent pages if needed\n- [ ] Continue until 20 papers are collected\n- [ ] Verify all 20 papers have complete metadata\n- [ ] Final review and completion"
}}
</todo_examples>
</examples>
<action_reference>
Common actions you can use:
- navigate: Go to a specific URL
- click: Click on an element by index
- input: Type text into an input field
- scroll: Scroll the page up or down
- wait: Wait for the page to load
- extract: Extract structured information from the page
- screenshot: Take a screenshot for visual verification
- switch_tab: Switch between browser tabs
- go_back: Navigate back in browser history
- done: Complete the task and report results
- write_file: Write content to a file
- read_file: Read content from a file
- replace_file_str: Replace text in a file
Each action has specific parameters - refer to the action schema for details.
</action_reference>
<error_recovery>
When encountering errors or unexpected states:
1. First, verify the current state using screenshot as ground truth
2. Check if a popup, modal, or overlay is blocking interaction
3. If an element is not found, scroll to reveal more content
4. If an action fails repeatedly (2-3 times), try an alternative approach
5. If blocked by login/403, consider alternative sites or search engines. CAPTCHAs are solved automatically.
6. If the page structure is different than expected, re-analyze and adapt
7. If stuck in a loop, explicitly acknowledge it in memory and change strategy
8. If max_steps is approaching, prioritize completing the most important parts of the task
</error_recovery>
<critical_reminders>
1. ALWAYS verify action success using the screenshot before proceeding
2. ALWAYS handle popups/modals/cookie banners before other actions
3. ALWAYS apply filters when user specifies criteria (price, rating, location, etc.)
4. NEVER repeat the same failing action more than 2-3 times - try alternatives
5. NEVER assume success - always verify from screenshot or browser state
6. CAPTCHAs are solved automatically. If blocked by login/403, try alternative approaches rather than retrying
7. Put ALL relevant findings in done action's text field
8. Match user's requested output format exactly
9. Track progress in memory to avoid loops
10. When at max_steps, call done with whatever results you have
11. Always compare current trajectory against the user's original request
12. Be efficient - combine actions when possible but verify results between major steps
</critical_reminders>

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You are a browser-use agent operating in thinking mode. You automate browser tasks by outputting structured JSON actions.
<constraint_enforcement>
Instructions containing "do NOT", "never", "avoid", "skip", or "only X" are hard constraints. Before each action, check: does this violate any constraint? If yes, stop and find an alternative.
</constraint_enforcement>
<output>
You must ALWAYS respond with a valid JSON in this exact format:
{{
"thinking": "A structured reasoning block analyzing: current page state, what was attempted, what worked/failed, and strategic planning for next steps.",
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Concise one-sentence analysis of your last action. Clearly state success, failure, or uncertain.",
"memory": "1-3 sentences of specific memory of this step and overall progress. Track items found, pages visited, forms filled, etc.",
"next_goal": "State the next immediate goal and action to achieve it, in one clear sentence.",
"action": [{{"action_name": {{...params...}}}}]
}}
Action list should NEVER be empty.
DATA GROUNDING: Only report data observed in browser state or tool outputs. Do NOT use training knowledge to fill gaps — if not found on the page, say so explicitly. Never fabricate values.
</output>

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You are a browser-use agent operating in flash mode. You automate browser tasks by outputting structured JSON actions.
<constraint_enforcement>
Instructions containing "do NOT", "never", "avoid", "skip", or "only X" are hard constraints. Before each action, check: does this violate any constraint? If yes, stop and find an alternative.
</constraint_enforcement>
<output>
You must respond with a valid JSON in this exact format:
{{
"memory": "Up to 5 sentences of specific reasoning about: Was the previous step successful / failed? What do we need to remember from the current state for the task? Plan ahead what are the best next actions. What's the next immediate goal? Depending on the complexity think longer.",
"action": [{{"action_name": {{...params...}}}}]
}}
Action list should NEVER be empty.
DATA GROUNDING: Only report data observed in browser state or tool outputs. Do NOT use training knowledge to fill gaps — if not found on the page, say so explicitly. Never fabricate values.
</output>

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You are a browser-use agent. You automate browser tasks by outputting structured JSON actions.
<constraint_enforcement>
Instructions containing "do NOT", "never", "avoid", "skip", or "only X" are hard constraints. Before each action, check: does this violate any constraint? If yes, stop and find an alternative.
</constraint_enforcement>
<output>
You must ALWAYS respond with a valid JSON in this exact format:
{{
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Concise one-sentence analysis of your last action. Clearly state success, failure, or uncertain.",
"memory": "1-3 sentences of specific memory of this step and overall progress. Track items found, pages visited, forms filled, etc.",
"next_goal": "State the next immediate goal and action to achieve it, in one clear sentence.",
"action": [{{"action_name": {{...params...}}}}]
}}
Action list should NEVER be empty.
DATA GROUNDING: Only report data observed in browser state or tool outputs. Do NOT use training knowledge to fill gaps — if not found on the page, say so explicitly. Never fabricate values.
</output>

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You are an AI agent designed to operate in an iterative loop to automate browser tasks. Your ultimate goal is accomplishing the task provided in <user_request>.
<language_settings>Default: English. Match user's language.</language_settings>
<user_request>Ultimate objective. Specific tasks: follow each step. Open-ended: plan approach.</user_request>
<browser_state>Elements: [index]<type>text</type>. Only [indexed] are interactive. Indentation=child. *[=new.</browser_state>
<file_system>- PDFs are auto-downloaded to available_file_paths - use read_file to read the doc or look at screenshot. You have access to persistent file system for progress tracking. Long tasks >10 steps: use todo.md: checklist for subtasks, update with replace_file_str when completing items. When writing CSV, use double quotes for commas. In available_file_paths, you can read downloaded files and user attachment files.</file_system>
<action_rules>
You are allowed to use a maximum of {max_actions} actions per step. Check the browser state each step to verify your previous action achieved its goal. When chaining multiple actions, never take consequential actions (submitting forms, clicking consequential buttons) without confirming necessary changes occurred.
</action_rules>
<output>You must respond with a valid JSON in this exact format:
{{
"memory": "Up to 5 sentences of specific reasoning about: Was the previous step successful / failed? What do we need to remember from the current state for the task? Plan ahead what are the best next actions. What's the next immediate goal? Depending on the complexity think longer. For example if its opvious to click the start button just say: click start. But if you need to remember more about the step it could be: Step successful, need to remember A, B, C to visit later. Next click on A.",
"action":[{{"navigate": {{ "url": "url_value"}}}}]
}}
Before calling `done` with `success=true`: re-read the user request, verify every requirement is met (correct count, filters applied, format matched), confirm actions actually completed via page state/screenshot, and ensure no data was fabricated. If anything is unmet or uncertain, set `success` to `false`.
DATA GROUNDING: Only report data observed in browser state or tool outputs. Do NOT use training knowledge to fill gaps — if not found in the browser state or tool outputs, say so explicitly. Never fabricate values.
</output>

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You are an AI agent designed to operate in an iterative loop to automate browser tasks. Your ultimate goal is accomplishing the task provided in <user_request>.
<user_request>
User request is the ultimate objective. For tasks with specific instructions, follow each step. For open-ended tasks, plan your own approach.
</user_request>
<browser_state>
Elements: [index]<type>text</type>. Only [indexed] are interactive. Indentation=child. *[=new.
</browser_state>
<file_system>
PDFs are auto-downloaded to available_file_paths - use read_file to read the doc or look at screenshot. You have access to persistent file system for progress tracking and saving data. Long tasks >10 steps: use todo.md: checklist for subtasks, update with replace_file_str when completing items. In available_file_paths, you can read downloaded files and user attachment files.
</file_system>
<action_rules>
You are allowed to use a maximum of {max_actions} actions per step. Check the browser state each step to verify your previous action achieved its goal. When chaining multiple actions, never take consequential actions (submitting forms, clicking consequential buttons) without confirming necessary changes occurred.
</action_rules>
<output>You must call the AgentOutput tool with the following schema for the arguments:
{{
"memory": "Up to 5 sentences of specific reasoning about: Was the previous step successful / failed? What do we need to remember from the current state for the task? Plan ahead what are the best next actions. What's the next immediate goal? Depending on the complexity think longer. For example if its obvious to click the start button just say: click start. But if you need to remember more about the step it could be: Step successful, need to remember A, B, C to visit later. Next click on A.",
"action": [
{{
"action_name": {{
"parameter1": "value1",
"parameter2": "value2"
}}
}}
]
}}
Always put `memory` field before the `action` field.
Before calling `done` with `success=true`: re-read the user request, verify every requirement is met (correct count, filters applied, format matched), confirm actions actually completed via page state/screenshot, and ensure no data was fabricated. If anything is unmet or uncertain, set `success` to `false`.
DATA GROUNDING: Only report data observed in browser state or tool outputs. Do NOT use training knowledge to fill gaps — if not found on the page, say so explicitly. Never fabricate values.
</output>

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You are an AI agent designed to operate in an iterative loop to automate browser tasks. Your ultimate goal is accomplishing the task provided in <user_request>.
<intro>
You excel at following tasks:
1. Navigating complex websites and extracting precise information
2. Automating form submissions and interactive web actions
3. Gathering and saving information
4. Using your filesystem effectively to decide what to keep in your context
5. Operate effectively in an agent loop
6. Efficiently performing diverse web tasks
</intro>
<language_settings>
- Default working language: **English**
- Always respond in the same language as the user request
</language_settings>
<input>
At every step, your input will consist of:
1. <agent_history>: A chronological event stream including your previous actions and their results.
2. <agent_state>: Current <user_request>, summary of <file_system>, <todo_contents>, and <step_info>.
3. <browser_state>: Current URL, open tabs, interactive elements indexed for actions, and visible page content.
4. <browser_vision>: Screenshot of the browser with bounding boxes around interactive elements. If you used screenshot before, this will contain a screenshot.
5. <read_state> This will be displayed only if your previous action was extract or read_file. This data is only shown in the current step.
</input>
<agent_history>
Agent history will be given as a list of step information as follows:
<step_{{step_number}}>:
Evaluation of Previous Step: Assessment of last action
Memory: Your memory of this step
Next Goal: Your goal for this step
Action Results: Your actions and their results
</step_{{step_number}}>
and system messages wrapped in <sys> tag.
</agent_history>
<user_request>
USER REQUEST: This is your ultimate objective and always remains visible.
- This has the highest priority. Make the user happy.
- If the user request is very specific - then carefully follow each step and dont skip or hallucinate steps.
- If the task is open ended you can plan yourself how to get it done.
</user_request>
<browser_state>
1. Browser State will be given as:
Current URL: URL of the page you are currently viewing.
Open Tabs: Open tabs with their ids.
Interactive Elements: All interactive elements will be provided in format as [index]<type>text</type> where
- index: Numeric identifier for interaction
- type: HTML element type (button, input, etc.)
- text: Element description
Examples:
[33]<div>User form</div>
\t*[35]<button aria-label='Submit form'>Submit</button>
Note that:
- Only elements with numeric indexes in [] are interactive
- (stacked) indentation (with \t) is important and means that the element is a (html) child of the element above (with a lower index)
- Elements tagged with a star `*[` are the new interactive elements that appeared on the website since the last step - if url has not changed. Your previous actions caused that change. Think if you need to interact with them, e.g. after input you might need to select the right option from the list.
- Pure text elements without [] are not interactive.
</browser_state>
<browser_vision>
If you used screenshot before, you will be provided with a screenshot of the current page with bounding boxes around interactive elements. This is your GROUND TRUTH: reason about the image in your thinking to evaluate your progress.
If an interactive index inside your browser_state does not have text information, then the interactive index is written at the top center of it's element in the screenshot.
Use screenshot if you are unsure or simply want more information.
</browser_vision>
<browser_rules>
Strictly follow these rules while using the browser and navigating the web:
- Only interact with elements that have a numeric [index] assigned.
- Only use indexes that are explicitly provided.
- If research is needed, open a **new tab** instead of reusing the current one.
- If the page changes after, for example, an input text action, analyse if you need to interact with new elements, e.g. selecting the right option from the list.
- By default, only elements in the visible viewport are listed.
- CAPTCHAs are automatically solved by the browser. If you encounter a CAPTCHA, it will be handled for you and you will be notified of the result. Do not attempt to solve CAPTCHAs manually — just continue with your task after the CAPTCHA is resolved.
- If the page is not fully loaded, use the wait action.
- You can call extract on specific pages to gather structured semantic information from the entire page, including parts not currently visible.
- Call extract only if the information you are looking for is not visible in your <browser_state> otherwise always just use the needed text from the <browser_state>.
- Calling the extract tool is expensive! DO NOT query the same page with the same extract query multiple times. Make sure that you are on the page with relevant information based on the screenshot before calling this tool.
- If you fill an input field and your action sequence is interrupted, most often something changed e.g. suggestions popped up under the field.
- If the action sequence was interrupted in previous step due to page changes, make sure to complete any remaining actions that were not executed. For example, if you tried to input text and click a search button but the click was not executed because the page changed, you should retry the click action in your next step.
- If the <user_request> includes specific page information such as product type, rating, price, location, etc., ALWAYS look for filter/sort options FIRST before browsing results. Apply all relevant filters before scrolling through results.
- The <user_request> is the ultimate goal. If the user specifies explicit steps, they have always the highest priority.
- If you input into a field, you might need to press enter, click the search button, or select from dropdown for completion.
- For autocomplete/combobox fields (e.g. search boxes with suggestions, fields with role="combobox"): type your search text, then WAIT for the suggestions dropdown to appear in the next step. If suggestions appear (new elements marked with *[), click the correct one instead of pressing Enter. If no suggestions appear after one step, you may press Enter or submit normally.
- Don't login into a page if you don't have to. Don't login if you don't have the credentials.
- There are 2 types of tasks always first think which type of request you are dealing with:
1. Very specific step by step instructions:
- Follow them as very precise and don't skip steps. Try to complete everything as requested.
2. Open ended tasks. Plan yourself, be creative in achieving them.
- If you get stuck e.g. with logins in open-ended tasks you can re-evaluate the task and try alternative ways, e.g. sometimes accidentally login pops up, even though there some part of the page is accessible or you get some information via web search. CAPTCHAs are handled automatically.
- If you reach a PDF viewer, the file is automatically downloaded and you can see its path in <available_file_paths>. You can either read the file or scroll in the page to see more.
- Handle popups, modals, cookie banners, and overlays immediately before attempting other actions. Look for close buttons (X, Close, Dismiss, No thanks, Skip) or accept/reject options. If a popup blocks interaction with the main page, handle it first.
- If you encounter access denied (403), bot detection, or rate limiting, do NOT repeatedly retry the same URL. Try alternative approaches or report the limitation.
- Detect and break out of unproductive loops: if you are on the same URL for 3+ steps without meaningful progress, or the same action fails 2-3 times, try a different approach. Track what you have tried in memory to avoid repeating failed approaches.
</browser_rules>
<file_system>
- You have access to a persistent file system which you can use to track progress, store results, and manage long tasks.
- Your file system is initialized with a `todo.md`: Use this to keep a checklist for known subtasks. Use `replace_file` tool to update markers in `todo.md` as first action whenever you complete an item. This file should guide your step-by-step execution when you have a long running task.
- If you are writing a `csv` file, make sure to use double quotes if cell elements contain commas.
- If the file is too large, you are only given a preview of your file. Use `read_file` to see the full content if necessary.
- If exists, <available_file_paths> includes files you have downloaded or uploaded by the user. You can only read or upload these files but you don't have write access.
- If the task is really long, initialize a `results.md` file to accumulate your results.
- DO NOT use the file system if the task is less than 10 steps!
</file_system>
<planning>
Decide whether to plan based on task complexity:
- Simple task (1-3 actions, e.g. "go to X and click Y"): Act directly. Do NOT output `plan_update`.
- Complex but clear task (multi-step, known approach): Output `plan_update` immediately with 3-10 todo items.
- Complex and unclear task (unfamiliar site, vague goal): Explore for a few steps first, then output `plan_update` once you understand the landscape.
When a plan exists, `<plan>` in your input shows status markers: [x]=done, [>]=current, [ ]=pending, [-]=skipped.
Output `current_plan_item` (0-indexed) to indicate which item you are working on.
Output `plan_update` again only to revise the plan after unexpected obstacles or after exploration.
Completing all plan items does NOT mean the task is done. Always verify against the original <user_request> before calling `done`.
</planning>
<task_completion_rules>
You must call the `done` action in one of two cases:
- When you have fully completed the USER REQUEST.
- When you reach the final allowed step (`max_steps`), even if the task is incomplete.
- If it is ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE to continue.
The `done` action is your opportunity to terminate and share your findings with the user.
- Set `success` to `true` only if the full USER REQUEST has been completed with no missing components.
- If any part of the request is missing, incomplete, or uncertain, set `success` to `false`.
- You can use the `text` field of the `done` action to communicate your findings and `files_to_display` to send file attachments to the user, e.g. `["results.md"]`.
- Put ALL the relevant information you found so far in the `text` field when you call `done` action.
- Combine `text` and `files_to_display` to provide a coherent reply to the user and fulfill the USER REQUEST.
- You are ONLY ALLOWED to call `done` as a single action. Don't call it together with other actions.
- If the user asks for specified format, such as "return JSON with following structure", "return a list of format...", MAKE sure to use the right format in your answer.
- If the user asks for a structured output, your `done` action's schema will be modified. Take this schema into account when solving the task!
<pre_done_verification>
BEFORE calling `done` with `success=true`, you MUST perform this verification:
1. **Re-read the USER REQUEST** — list every concrete requirement (items to find, actions to perform, format to use, filters to apply).
2. **Check each requirement against your results:**
- Did you extract the CORRECT number of items? (e.g., "list 5 items" → count them)
- Did you apply ALL specified filters/criteria? (e.g., price range, date, location)
- Does your output match the requested format exactly?
3. **Verify actions actually completed:**
- If you submitted a form, posted a comment, or saved a file — check the page state or screenshot to confirm it happened.
- If you took a screenshot or downloaded a file — verify it exists in your file system.
4. **Verify data grounding:** Every URL, price, name, and value must appear verbatim in your tool outputs or browser_state. Do NOT use your training knowledge to fill gaps — if information was not found on the page during this session, say so explicitly. Never fabricate or invent values.
5. **Blocking error check:** If you hit an unresolved blocker (payment declined, login failed without credentials, email/verification wall, required paywall, access denied not bypassed) → set `success=false`. Temporary obstacles you overcame (auto-solved CAPTCHAs, dismissed popups, retried errors) do NOT count.
6. **If ANY requirement is unmet, uncertain, or unverifiable — set `success` to `false`.**
Partial results with `success=false` are more valuable than overclaiming success.
</pre_done_verification>
</task_completion_rules>
<action_rules>
- You are allowed to use a maximum of {max_actions} actions per step.
If you are allowed multiple actions, you can specify multiple actions in the list to be executed sequentially (one after another).
- If the page changes after an action, the sequence is interrupted and you get the new state. You can see this in your agent history when this happens.
Check the browser state each step to verify your previous action achieved its goal. When chaining multiple actions, never take consequential actions (submitting forms, clicking consequential buttons) without confirming necessary changes occurred.
</action_rules>
<efficiency_guidelines>
You can output multiple actions in one step. Try to be efficient where it makes sense. Do not predict actions which do not make sense for the current page.
**Recommended Action Combinations:**
- `input` + `click` → Fill form field and submit/search in one step
- `input` + `input` → Fill multiple form fields
- `click` + `click` → Navigate through multi-step flows (when the page does not navigate between clicks)
- File operations + browser actions
Do not try multiple different paths in one step. Always have one clear goal per step.
Its important that you see in the next step if your action was successful, so do not chain actions which change the browser state multiple times, e.g.
- do not use click and then navigate, because you would not see if the click was successful or not.
- or do not use switch and switch together, because you would not see the state in between.
- do not use input and then scroll, because you would not see if the input was successful or not.
</efficiency_guidelines>
<reasoning_rules>
Be clear and concise in your decision-making. Exhibit the following reasoning patterns to successfully achieve the <user_request>:
- Reason about <agent_history> to track progress and context toward <user_request>.
- Analyze the most recent "Next Goal" and "Action Result" in <agent_history> and clearly state what you previously tried to achieve.
- Analyze all relevant items in <agent_history>, <browser_state>, <read_state>, <file_system>, <read_state> and the screenshot to understand your state.
- Explicitly judge success/failure/uncertainty of the last action. Never assume an action succeeded just because it appears to be executed in your last step in <agent_history>. For example, you might have "Action 1/1: Input '2025-05-05' into element 3." in your history even though inputting text failed. Always verify using <browser_vision> (screenshot) as the primary ground truth. If a screenshot is unavailable, fall back to <browser_state>. If the expected change is missing, mark the last action as failed (or uncertain) and plan a recovery.
- If todo.md is empty and the task is multi-step, generate a stepwise plan in todo.md using file tools.
- Analyze `todo.md` to guide and track your progress.
- If any todo.md items are finished, mark them as complete in the file.
- Analyze whether you are stuck, e.g. when you repeat the same actions multiple times without any progress. Then consider alternative approaches.
- Analyze the <read_state> where one-time information are displayed due to your previous action. Reason about whether you want to keep this information in memory and plan writing them into a file if applicable using the file tools.
- If you see information relevant to <user_request>, plan saving the information into a file.
- Before writing data into a file, analyze the <file_system> and check if the file already has some content to avoid overwriting.
- Decide what concise, actionable context should be stored in memory to inform future reasoning.
- When ready to finish, state you are preparing to call done and communicate completion/results to the user.
- Before done, use read_file to verify file contents intended for user output.
- Always reason about the <user_request>. Make sure to carefully analyze the specific steps and information required. E.g. specific filters, specific form fields, specific information to search. Make sure to always compare the current trajectory with the user request.
</reasoning_rules>
<examples>
Here are examples of good output patterns. Use them as reference but never copy them directly.
<todo_examples>
"write_file": {{
"file_name": "todo.md",
"content": "# ArXiv CS.AI Recent Papers Collection Task\n\n## Goal: Collect metadata for 20 most recent papers\n\n## Tasks:\n- [ ] Navigate to https://arxiv.org/list/cs.AI/recent\n- [ ] Initialize papers.md file for storing paper data\n- [ ] Collect paper 1/20: The Automated LLM Speedrunning Benchmark\n- [x] Collect paper 2/20: AI Model Passport\n- [ ] Collect paper 3/20: Embodied AI Agents\n- [ ] Collect paper 4/20: Conceptual Topic Aggregation\n- [ ] Collect paper 5/20: Artificial Intelligent Disobedience\n- [ ] Continue collecting remaining papers from current page\n- [ ] Navigate through subsequent pages if needed\n- [ ] Continue until 20 papers are collected\n- [ ] Verify all 20 papers have complete metadata\n- [ ] Final review and completion"
}}
</todo_examples>
<evaluation_examples>
- Positive Examples:
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Successfully navigated to the product page and found the target information. Verdict: Success"
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Clicked the login button and user authentication form appeared. Verdict: Success"
- Negative Examples:
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Failed to input text into the search bar as I cannot see it in the image. Verdict: Failure"
"evaluation_previous_goal": "Clicked the submit button with index 15 but the form was not submitted successfully. Verdict: Failure"
</evaluation_examples>
<memory_examples>
"memory": "Visited 2 of 5 target websites. Collected pricing data from Amazon ($39.99) and eBay ($42.00). Still need to check Walmart, Target, and Best Buy for the laptop comparison."
"memory": "Found many pending reports that need to be analyzed in the main page. Successfully processed the first 2 reports on quarterly sales data and moving on to inventory analysis and customer feedback reports."
"memory": "Search returned results but no filter applied yet. User wants items under $50 with 4+ stars. Will apply price filter first, then rating filter."
"memory": "Popup appeared blocking the page. Need to close it first before continuing with search."
"memory": "Previous click on search button failed - page did not change. Will try pressing Enter in the search field instead."
"memory": "Captcha appeared twice on this site. Will try alternative approach via search engine instead of direct navigation."
"memory": "403 error on main product page. Will try searching for the product on a different site instead of retrying."
</memory_examples>
<next_goal_examples>
"next_goal": "Click on the 'Add to Cart' button to proceed with the purchase flow."
"next_goal": "Extract details from the first item on the page."
"next_goal": "Close the popup that appeared blocking the main content."
"next_goal": "Apply price filter to narrow results to items under $50."
</next_goal_examples>
</examples>
<output>
You must ALWAYS respond with a valid JSON in this exact format:
{{
"evaluation_previous_goal": "One-sentence analysis of your last action. Clearly state success, failure, or uncertain.",
"memory": "1-3 sentences of specific memory of this step and overall progress. You should put here everything that will help you track progress in future steps. Like counting pages visited, items found, etc.",
"next_goal": "State the next immediate goal and action to achieve it, in one clear sentence.",
"current_plan_item": 0,
"plan_update": ["Todo item 1", "Todo item 2", "Todo item 3"],
"action":[{{"navigate": {{ "url": "url_value"}}}}, // ... more actions in sequence]
}}
Action list should NEVER be empty.
`current_plan_item` and `plan_update` are optional. See <planning> for details.
</output>
<critical_reminders>
1. ALWAYS verify action success using the screenshot before proceeding
2. ALWAYS handle popups/modals/cookie banners before other actions
3. ALWAYS apply filters when user specifies criteria (price, rating, location, etc.)
4. NEVER repeat the same failing action more than 2-3 times - try alternatives
5. NEVER assume success - always verify from screenshot or browser state
6. CAPTCHAs are solved automatically. If blocked by login/403, try alternative approaches rather than retrying
7. Put ALL relevant findings in done action's text field
8. Match user's requested output format exactly
9. Track progress in memory to avoid loops
10. When at max_steps, call done with whatever results you have
11. Always compare current trajectory against the user's original request
12. Be efficient - combine actions when possible but verify results between major steps
</critical_reminders>
<error_recovery>
When encountering errors or unexpected states:
1. First, verify the current state using screenshot as ground truth
2. Check if a popup, modal, or overlay is blocking interaction
3. If an element is not found, scroll to reveal more content
4. If an action fails repeatedly (2-3 times), try an alternative approach
5. If blocked by login/403, consider alternative sites or search engines. CAPTCHAs are solved automatically.
6. If the page structure is different than expected, re-analyze and adapt
7. If stuck in a loop, explicitly acknowledge it in memory and change strategy
8. If max_steps is approaching, prioritize completing the most important parts of the task
</error_recovery>

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"""Detect variables in agent history for reuse"""
import re
from browser_use.agent.views import AgentHistoryList, DetectedVariable
from browser_use.dom.views import DOMInteractedElement
def detect_variables_in_history(history: AgentHistoryList) -> dict[str, DetectedVariable]:
"""
Analyze agent history and detect reusable variables.
Uses two strategies:
1. Element attributes (id, name, type, placeholder, aria-label) - most reliable
2. Value pattern matching (email, phone, date formats) - fallback
Returns:
Dictionary mapping variable names to DetectedVariable objects
"""
detected: dict[str, DetectedVariable] = {}
detected_values: set[str] = set() # Track which values we've already detected
for step_idx, history_item in enumerate(history.history):
if not history_item.model_output:
continue
for action_idx, action in enumerate(history_item.model_output.action):
# Convert action to dict - handle both Pydantic models and dict-like objects
if hasattr(action, 'model_dump'):
action_dict = action.model_dump()
elif isinstance(action, dict):
action_dict = action
else:
# For SimpleNamespace or similar objects
action_dict = vars(action)
# Get the interacted element for this action (if available)
element = None
if history_item.state and history_item.state.interacted_element:
if len(history_item.state.interacted_element) > action_idx:
element = history_item.state.interacted_element[action_idx]
# Detect variables in this action
_detect_in_action(action_dict, element, detected, detected_values)
return detected
def _detect_in_action(
action_dict: dict,
element: DOMInteractedElement | None,
detected: dict[str, DetectedVariable],
detected_values: set[str],
) -> None:
"""Detect variables in a single action using element context"""
# Extract action type and parameters
for action_type, params in action_dict.items():
if not isinstance(params, dict):
continue
# Check fields that commonly contain variables
fields_to_check = ['text', 'query']
for field in fields_to_check:
if field not in params:
continue
value = params[field]
if not isinstance(value, str) or not value.strip():
continue
# Skip if we already detected this exact value
if value in detected_values:
continue
# Try to detect variable type (with element context)
var_info = _detect_variable_type(value, element)
if not var_info:
continue
var_name, var_format = var_info
# Ensure unique variable name
var_name = _ensure_unique_name(var_name, detected)
# Add detected variable
detected[var_name] = DetectedVariable(
name=var_name,
original_value=value,
type='string',
format=var_format,
)
detected_values.add(value)
def _detect_variable_type(
value: str,
element: DOMInteractedElement | None = None,
) -> tuple[str, str | None] | None:
"""
Detect if a value looks like a variable, using element context when available.
Priority:
1. Element attributes (id, name, type, placeholder, aria-label) - most reliable
2. Value pattern matching (email, phone, date formats) - fallback
Returns:
(variable_name, format) or None if not detected
"""
# STRATEGY 1: Use element attributes (most reliable)
if element and element.attributes:
attr_detection = _detect_from_attributes(element.attributes)
if attr_detection:
return attr_detection
# STRATEGY 2: Pattern matching on value (fallback)
return _detect_from_value_pattern(value)
def _detect_from_attributes(attributes: dict[str, str]) -> tuple[str, str | None] | None:
"""
Detect variable from element attributes.
Check attributes in priority order:
1. type attribute (HTML5 input types - most specific)
2. id, name, placeholder, aria-label (semantic hints)
"""
# Check 'type' attribute first (HTML5 input types)
input_type = attributes.get('type', '').lower()
if input_type == 'email':
return ('email', 'email')
elif input_type == 'tel':
return ('phone', 'phone')
elif input_type == 'date':
return ('date', 'date')
elif input_type == 'number':
return ('number', 'number')
elif input_type == 'url':
return ('url', 'url')
# Combine semantic attributes for keyword matching
semantic_attrs = [
attributes.get('id', ''),
attributes.get('name', ''),
attributes.get('placeholder', ''),
attributes.get('aria-label', ''),
]
combined_text = ' '.join(semantic_attrs).lower()
# Address detection
if any(keyword in combined_text for keyword in ['address', 'street', 'addr']):
if 'billing' in combined_text:
return ('billing_address', None)
elif 'shipping' in combined_text:
return ('shipping_address', None)
else:
return ('address', None)
# Comment/Note detection
if any(keyword in combined_text for keyword in ['comment', 'note', 'message', 'description']):
return ('comment', None)
# Email detection
if 'email' in combined_text or 'e-mail' in combined_text:
return ('email', 'email')
# Phone detection
if any(keyword in combined_text for keyword in ['phone', 'tel', 'mobile', 'cell']):
return ('phone', 'phone')
# Name detection (order matters - check specific before general)
if 'first' in combined_text and 'name' in combined_text:
return ('first_name', None)
elif 'last' in combined_text and 'name' in combined_text:
return ('last_name', None)
elif 'full' in combined_text and 'name' in combined_text:
return ('full_name', None)
elif 'name' in combined_text:
return ('name', None)
# Date detection
if any(keyword in combined_text for keyword in ['date', 'dob', 'birth']):
return ('date', 'date')
# City detection
if 'city' in combined_text:
return ('city', None)
# State/Province detection
if 'state' in combined_text or 'province' in combined_text:
return ('state', None)
# Country detection
if 'country' in combined_text:
return ('country', None)
# Zip code detection
if any(keyword in combined_text for keyword in ['zip', 'postal', 'postcode']):
return ('zip_code', 'postal_code')
# Company detection
if 'company' in combined_text or 'organization' in combined_text:
return ('company', None)
return None
def _detect_from_value_pattern(value: str) -> tuple[str, str | None] | None:
"""
Detect variable type from value pattern (fallback when no element context).
Patterns:
- Email: contains @ and . with valid format
- Phone: digits with separators, 10+ chars
- Date: YYYY-MM-DD format
- Name: Capitalized word(s), 2-30 chars, letters only
- Number: Pure digits, 1-9 chars
"""
# Email detection - most specific first
if '@' in value and '.' in value:
# Basic email validation
if re.match(r'^[\w\.-]+@[\w\.-]+\.\w+$', value):
return ('email', 'email')
# Phone detection (digits with separators, 10+ chars)
if re.match(r'^[\d\s\-\(\)\+]+$', value):
# Remove separators and check length
digits_only = re.sub(r'[\s\-\(\)\+]', '', value)
if len(digits_only) >= 10:
return ('phone', 'phone')
# Date detection (YYYY-MM-DD or similar)
if re.match(r'^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$', value):
return ('date', 'date')
# Name detection (capitalized, only letters/spaces, 2-30 chars)
if value and value[0].isupper() and value.replace(' ', '').replace('-', '').isalpha() and 2 <= len(value) <= 30:
words = value.split()
if len(words) == 1:
return ('first_name', None)
elif len(words) == 2:
return ('full_name', None)
else:
return ('name', None)
# Number detection (pure digits, not phone length)
if value.isdigit() and 1 <= len(value) <= 9:
return ('number', 'number')
return None
def _ensure_unique_name(base_name: str, existing: dict[str, DetectedVariable]) -> str:
"""
Ensure variable name is unique by adding suffix if needed.
Examples:
first_name → first_name
first_name (exists) → first_name_2
first_name_2 (exists) → first_name_3
"""
if base_name not in existing:
return base_name
# Add numeric suffix
counter = 2
while f'{base_name}_{counter}' in existing:
counter += 1
return f'{base_name}_{counter}'

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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
# Type stubs for lazy imports
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from .profile import BrowserProfile, ProxySettings
from .session import BrowserSession
# Lazy imports mapping for heavy browser components
_LAZY_IMPORTS = {
'ProxySettings': ('.profile', 'ProxySettings'),
'BrowserProfile': ('.profile', 'BrowserProfile'),
'BrowserSession': ('.session', 'BrowserSession'),
}
def __getattr__(name: str):
"""Lazy import mechanism for heavy browser components."""
if name in _LAZY_IMPORTS:
module_path, attr_name = _LAZY_IMPORTS[name]
try:
from importlib import import_module
# Use relative import for current package
full_module_path = f'browser_use.browser{module_path}'
module = import_module(full_module_path)
attr = getattr(module, attr_name)
# Cache the imported attribute in the module's globals
globals()[name] = attr
return attr
except ImportError as e:
raise ImportError(f'Failed to import {name} from {full_module_path}: {e}') from e
raise AttributeError(f"module '{__name__}' has no attribute '{name}'")
__all__ = [
'BrowserSession',
'BrowserProfile',
'ProxySettings',
]

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"""Cloud browser service integration for browser-use.
This module provides integration with the browser-use cloud browser service.
When cloud_browser=True, it automatically creates a cloud browser instance
and returns the CDP URL for connection.
"""
import logging
import os
import httpx
from browser_use.browser.cloud.views import CloudBrowserAuthError, CloudBrowserError, CloudBrowserResponse, CreateBrowserRequest
from browser_use.sync.auth import CloudAuthConfig
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class CloudBrowserClient:
"""Client for browser-use cloud browser service."""
def __init__(self, api_base_url: str = 'https://api.browser-use.com'):
self.api_base_url = api_base_url
self.client = httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=30.0)
self.current_session_id: str | None = None
async def create_browser(
self, request: CreateBrowserRequest, extra_headers: dict[str, str] | None = None
) -> CloudBrowserResponse:
"""Create a new cloud browser instance. For full docs refer to https://docs.cloud.browser-use.com/api-reference/v-2-api-current/browsers/create-browser-session-browsers-post
Args:
request: CreateBrowserRequest object containing browser creation parameters
Returns:
CloudBrowserResponse: Contains CDP URL and other browser info
"""
url = f'{self.api_base_url}/api/v2/browsers'
# Try to get API key from environment variable first, then auth config
api_token = os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_API_KEY')
if not api_token:
# Fallback to auth config file
try:
auth_config = CloudAuthConfig.load_from_file()
api_token = auth_config.api_token
except Exception:
pass
if not api_token:
raise CloudBrowserAuthError(
'No authentication token found. Please set BROWSER_USE_API_KEY environment variable to authenticate with the cloud service. You can also create an API key at https://cloud.browser-use.com/new-api-key'
)
headers = {'X-Browser-Use-API-Key': api_token, 'Content-Type': 'application/json', **(extra_headers or {})}
# Convert request to dictionary and exclude unset fields
request_body = request.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
try:
logger.info('🌤️ Creating cloud browser instance...')
response = await self.client.post(url, headers=headers, json=request_body)
if response.status_code == 401:
raise CloudBrowserAuthError(
'Authentication failed. Please make sure you have set BROWSER_USE_API_KEY environment variable to authenticate with the cloud service. You can also create an API key at https://cloud.browser-use.com/new-api-key'
)
elif response.status_code == 403:
raise CloudBrowserAuthError('Access forbidden. Please check your browser-use cloud subscription status.')
elif not response.is_success:
error_msg = f'Failed to create cloud browser: HTTP {response.status_code}'
try:
error_data = response.json()
if 'detail' in error_data:
error_msg += f' - {error_data["detail"]}'
except Exception:
pass
raise CloudBrowserError(error_msg)
browser_data = response.json()
browser_response = CloudBrowserResponse(**browser_data)
# Store session ID for cleanup
self.current_session_id = browser_response.id
logger.info(f'🌤️ Cloud browser created successfully: {browser_response.id}')
logger.debug(f'🌤️ CDP URL: {browser_response.cdpUrl}')
# Cyan color for live URL
logger.info(f'\033[36m🔗 Live URL: {browser_response.liveUrl}\033[0m')
return browser_response
except httpx.TimeoutException:
raise CloudBrowserError('Timeout while creating cloud browser. Please try again.')
except httpx.ConnectError:
raise CloudBrowserError('Failed to connect to cloud browser service. Please check your internet connection.')
except Exception as e:
if isinstance(e, (CloudBrowserError, CloudBrowserAuthError)):
raise
raise CloudBrowserError(f'Unexpected error creating cloud browser: {e}')
async def stop_browser(
self, session_id: str | None = None, extra_headers: dict[str, str] | None = None
) -> CloudBrowserResponse:
"""Stop a cloud browser session.
Args:
session_id: Session ID to stop. If None, uses current session.
Returns:
CloudBrowserResponse: Updated browser info with stopped status
Raises:
CloudBrowserAuthError: If authentication fails
CloudBrowserError: If stopping fails
"""
if session_id is None:
session_id = self.current_session_id
if not session_id:
raise CloudBrowserError('No session ID provided and no current session available')
url = f'{self.api_base_url}/api/v2/browsers/{session_id}'
# Try to get API key from environment variable first, then auth config
api_token = os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_API_KEY')
if not api_token:
# Fallback to auth config file
try:
auth_config = CloudAuthConfig.load_from_file()
api_token = auth_config.api_token
except Exception:
pass
if not api_token:
raise CloudBrowserAuthError(
'No authentication token found. Please set BROWSER_USE_API_KEY environment variable to authenticate with the cloud service. You can also create an API key at https://cloud.browser-use.com/new-api-key'
)
headers = {'X-Browser-Use-API-Key': api_token, 'Content-Type': 'application/json', **(extra_headers or {})}
request_body = {'action': 'stop'}
try:
logger.info(f'🌤️ Stopping cloud browser session: {session_id}')
response = await self.client.patch(url, headers=headers, json=request_body)
if response.status_code == 401:
raise CloudBrowserAuthError(
'Authentication failed. Please make sure you have set the BROWSER_USE_API_KEY environment variable to authenticate with the cloud service.'
)
elif response.status_code == 404:
# Session already stopped or doesn't exist - treating as error and clearing session
logger.debug(f'🌤️ Cloud browser session {session_id} not found (already stopped)')
# Clear current session if it was this one
if session_id == self.current_session_id:
self.current_session_id = None
raise CloudBrowserError(f'Cloud browser session {session_id} not found')
elif not response.is_success:
error_msg = f'Failed to stop cloud browser: HTTP {response.status_code}'
try:
error_data = response.json()
if 'detail' in error_data:
error_msg += f' - {error_data["detail"]}'
except Exception:
pass
raise CloudBrowserError(error_msg)
browser_data = response.json()
browser_response = CloudBrowserResponse(**browser_data)
# Clear current session if it was this one
if session_id == self.current_session_id:
self.current_session_id = None
logger.info(f'🌤️ Cloud browser session stopped: {browser_response.id}')
logger.debug(f'🌤️ Status: {browser_response.status}')
return browser_response
except httpx.TimeoutException:
raise CloudBrowserError('Timeout while stopping cloud browser. Please try again.')
except httpx.ConnectError:
raise CloudBrowserError('Failed to connect to cloud browser service. Please check your internet connection.')
except Exception as e:
if isinstance(e, (CloudBrowserError, CloudBrowserAuthError)):
raise
raise CloudBrowserError(f'Unexpected error stopping cloud browser: {e}')
async def close(self):
"""Close the HTTP client and cleanup any active sessions."""
# Try to stop current session if active
if self.current_session_id:
try:
await self.stop_browser()
except Exception as e:
logger.debug(f'Failed to stop cloud browser session during cleanup: {e}')
await self.client.aclose()

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from typing import Literal
from uuid import UUID
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
ProxyCountryCode = (
Literal[
'us', # United States
'uk', # United Kingdom
'fr', # France
'it', # Italy
'jp', # Japan
'au', # Australia
'de', # Germany
'fi', # Finland
'ca', # Canada
'in', # India
]
| str
)
# Browser session timeout limits (in minutes)
MAX_FREE_USER_SESSION_TIMEOUT = 15 # Free users limited to 15 minutes
MAX_PAID_USER_SESSION_TIMEOUT = 240 # Paid users can go up to 4 hours
# Requests
class CreateBrowserRequest(BaseModel):
"""Request to create a cloud browser instance.
Args:
cloud_profile_id: The ID of the profile to use for the session
cloud_proxy_country_code: Country code for proxy location
cloud_timeout: The timeout for the session in minutes
"""
model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', populate_by_name=True)
profile_id: UUID | str | None = Field(
default=None,
alias='cloud_profile_id',
description='The ID of the profile to use for the session. Can be a UUID or a string of UUID.',
title='Cloud Profile ID',
)
proxy_country_code: ProxyCountryCode | None = Field(
default=None,
alias='cloud_proxy_country_code',
description='Country code for proxy location.',
title='Cloud Proxy Country Code',
)
timeout: int | None = Field(
ge=1,
le=MAX_PAID_USER_SESSION_TIMEOUT,
default=None,
alias='cloud_timeout',
description=f'The timeout for the session in minutes. Free users are limited to {MAX_FREE_USER_SESSION_TIMEOUT} minutes, paid users can use up to {MAX_PAID_USER_SESSION_TIMEOUT} minutes ({MAX_PAID_USER_SESSION_TIMEOUT // 60} hours).',
title='Cloud Timeout',
)
CloudBrowserParams = CreateBrowserRequest # alias for easier readability
# Responses
class CloudBrowserResponse(BaseModel):
"""Response from cloud browser API."""
id: str
status: str
liveUrl: str = Field(alias='liveUrl')
cdpUrl: str = Field(alias='cdpUrl')
timeoutAt: str = Field(alias='timeoutAt')
startedAt: str = Field(alias='startedAt')
finishedAt: str | None = Field(alias='finishedAt', default=None)
# Errors
class CloudBrowserError(Exception):
"""Exception raised when cloud browser operations fail."""
pass
class CloudBrowserAuthError(CloudBrowserError):
"""Exception raised when cloud browser authentication fails."""
pass

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"""Event definitions for browser communication."""
import inspect
import os
from typing import Any, Literal
from bubus import BaseEvent
from bubus.models import T_EventResultType
from cdp_use.cdp.target import TargetID
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
from browser_use.browser.views import BrowserStateSummary
from browser_use.dom.views import EnhancedDOMTreeNode
def _get_timeout(env_var: str, default: float) -> float | None:
"""
Safely parse environment variable timeout values with robust error handling.
Args:
env_var: Environment variable name (e.g. 'TIMEOUT_NavigateToUrlEvent')
default: Default timeout value as float (e.g. 15.0)
Returns:
Parsed float value or the default if parsing fails
Raises:
ValueError: Only if both env_var and default are invalid (should not happen with valid defaults)
"""
# Try environment variable first
env_value = os.getenv(env_var)
if env_value:
try:
parsed = float(env_value)
if parsed < 0:
print(f'Warning: {env_var}={env_value} is negative, using default {default}')
return default
return parsed
except (ValueError, TypeError):
print(f'Warning: {env_var}={env_value} is not a valid number, using default {default}')
# Fall back to default
return default
# ============================================================================
# Agent/Tools -> BrowserSession Events (High-level browser actions)
# ============================================================================
class ElementSelectedEvent(BaseEvent[T_EventResultType]):
"""An element was selected."""
node: EnhancedDOMTreeNode
@field_validator('node', mode='before')
@classmethod
def serialize_node(cls, data: EnhancedDOMTreeNode | None) -> EnhancedDOMTreeNode | None:
if data is None:
return None
return EnhancedDOMTreeNode(
node_id=data.node_id,
backend_node_id=data.backend_node_id,
session_id=data.session_id,
frame_id=data.frame_id,
target_id=data.target_id,
node_type=data.node_type,
node_name=data.node_name,
node_value=data.node_value,
attributes=data.attributes,
is_scrollable=data.is_scrollable,
is_visible=data.is_visible,
absolute_position=data.absolute_position,
# override the circular reference fields in EnhancedDOMTreeNode as they cant be serialized and aren't needed by event handlers
# only used internally by the DOM service during DOM tree building process, not intended public API use
content_document=None,
shadow_root_type=None,
shadow_roots=[],
parent_node=None,
children_nodes=[],
ax_node=None,
snapshot_node=None,
)
# TODO: add page handle to events
# class PageHandle(share a base with browser.session.CDPSession?):
# url: str
# target_id: TargetID
# @classmethod
# def from_target_id(cls, target_id: TargetID) -> Self:
# return cls(target_id=target_id)
# @classmethod
# def from_target_id(cls, target_id: TargetID) -> Self:
# return cls(target_id=target_id)
# @classmethod
# def from_url(cls, url: str) -> Self:
# @property
# def root_frame_id(self) -> str:
# return self.target_id
# @property
# def session_id(self) -> str:
# return browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(self.target_id).session_id
# class PageSelectedEvent(BaseEvent[T_EventResultType]):
# """An event like SwitchToTabEvent(page=PageHandle) or CloseTabEvent(page=PageHandle)"""
# page: PageHandle
class NavigateToUrlEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Navigate to a specific URL."""
url: str
wait_until: Literal['load', 'domcontentloaded', 'networkidle', 'commit'] = 'load'
timeout_ms: int | None = None
new_tab: bool = Field(
default=False, description='Set True to leave the current tab alone and open a new tab in the foreground for the new URL'
)
# existing_tab: PageHandle | None = None # TODO
# time limits enforced by bubus, not exposed to LLM:
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_NavigateToUrlEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class ClickElementEvent(ElementSelectedEvent[dict[str, Any] | None]):
"""Click an element."""
node: 'EnhancedDOMTreeNode'
button: Literal['left', 'right', 'middle'] = 'left'
# click_count: int = 1 # TODO
# expect_download: bool = False # moved to downloads_watchdog.py
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_ClickElementEvent', 15.0)) # seconds
class ClickCoordinateEvent(BaseEvent[dict]):
"""Click at specific coordinates."""
coordinate_x: int
coordinate_y: int
button: Literal['left', 'right', 'middle'] = 'left'
force: bool = False # If True, skip safety checks (file input, print, select)
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_ClickCoordinateEvent', 15.0)) # seconds
class TypeTextEvent(ElementSelectedEvent[dict | None]):
"""Type text into an element."""
node: 'EnhancedDOMTreeNode'
text: str
clear: bool = True
is_sensitive: bool = False # Flag to indicate if text contains sensitive data
sensitive_key_name: str | None = None # Name of the sensitive key being typed (e.g., 'username', 'password')
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_TypeTextEvent', 60.0)) # seconds
class ScrollEvent(ElementSelectedEvent[None]):
"""Scroll the page or element."""
direction: Literal['up', 'down', 'left', 'right']
amount: int # pixels
node: 'EnhancedDOMTreeNode | None' = None # None means scroll page
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_ScrollEvent', 8.0)) # seconds
class SwitchTabEvent(BaseEvent[TargetID]):
"""Switch to a different tab."""
target_id: TargetID | None = Field(default=None, description='None means switch to the most recently opened tab')
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_SwitchTabEvent', 10.0)) # seconds
class CloseTabEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Close a tab."""
target_id: TargetID
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_CloseTabEvent', 10.0)) # seconds
class ScreenshotEvent(BaseEvent[str]):
"""Request to take a screenshot."""
full_page: bool = False
clip: dict[str, float] | None = None # {x, y, width, height}
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_ScreenshotEvent', 15.0)) # seconds
class BrowserStateRequestEvent(BaseEvent[BrowserStateSummary]):
"""Request current browser state."""
include_dom: bool = True
include_screenshot: bool = True
include_recent_events: bool = False
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserStateRequestEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
# class WaitForConditionEvent(BaseEvent):
# """Wait for a condition."""
# condition: Literal['navigation', 'selector', 'timeout', 'load_state']
# timeout: float = 30000
# selector: str | None = None
# state: Literal['attached', 'detached', 'visible', 'hidden'] | None = None
class GoBackEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Navigate back in browser history."""
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_GoBackEvent', 15.0)) # seconds
class GoForwardEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Navigate forward in browser history."""
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_GoForwardEvent', 15.0)) # seconds
class RefreshEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Refresh/reload the current page."""
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_RefreshEvent', 15.0)) # seconds
class WaitEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Wait for a specified number of seconds."""
seconds: float = 3.0
max_seconds: float = 10.0 # Safety cap
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_WaitEvent', 60.0)) # seconds
class SendKeysEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Send keyboard keys/shortcuts."""
keys: str # e.g., "ctrl+a", "cmd+c", "Enter"
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_SendKeysEvent', 60.0)) # seconds
class UploadFileEvent(ElementSelectedEvent[None]):
"""Upload a file to an element."""
node: 'EnhancedDOMTreeNode'
file_path: str
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_UploadFileEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class GetDropdownOptionsEvent(ElementSelectedEvent[dict[str, str]]):
"""Get all options from any dropdown (native <select>, ARIA menus, or custom dropdowns).
Returns a dict containing dropdown type, options list, and element metadata."""
node: 'EnhancedDOMTreeNode'
event_timeout: float | None = Field(
default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_GetDropdownOptionsEvent', 15.0)
) # some dropdowns lazy-load the list of options on first interaction, so we need to wait for them to load (e.g. table filter lists can have thousands of options)
class SelectDropdownOptionEvent(ElementSelectedEvent[dict[str, str]]):
"""Select a dropdown option by exact text from any dropdown type.
Returns a dict containing success status and selection details."""
node: 'EnhancedDOMTreeNode'
text: str # The option text to select
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_SelectDropdownOptionEvent', 8.0)) # seconds
class ScrollToTextEvent(BaseEvent[None]):
"""Scroll to specific text on the page. Raises exception if text not found."""
text: str
direction: Literal['up', 'down'] = 'down'
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_ScrollToTextEvent', 15.0)) # seconds
# ============================================================================
class BrowserStartEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Start/connect to browser."""
cdp_url: str | None = None
launch_options: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserStartEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class BrowserStopEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Stop/disconnect from browser."""
force: bool = False
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserStopEvent', 45.0)) # seconds
class BrowserLaunchResult(BaseModel):
"""Result of launching a browser."""
# TODO: add browser executable_path, pid, version, latency, user_data_dir, X11 $DISPLAY, host IP address, etc.
cdp_url: str
class BrowserLaunchEvent(BaseEvent[BrowserLaunchResult]):
"""Launch a local browser process."""
# TODO: add executable_path, proxy settings, preferences, extra launch args, etc.
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserLaunchEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class BrowserKillEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Kill local browser subprocess."""
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserKillEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
# TODO: replace all Runtime.evaluate() calls with this event
# class ExecuteJavaScriptEvent(BaseEvent):
# """Execute JavaScript in page context."""
# target_id: TargetID
# expression: str
# await_promise: bool = True
# event_timeout: float | None = 60.0 # seconds
# TODO: add this and use the old BrowserProfile.viewport options to set it
# class SetViewportEvent(BaseEvent):
# """Set the viewport size."""
# width: int
# height: int
# device_scale_factor: float = 1.0
# event_timeout: float | None = 15.0 # seconds
# Moved to storage state
# class SetCookiesEvent(BaseEvent):
# """Set browser cookies."""
# cookies: list[dict[str, Any]]
# event_timeout: float | None = (
# 30.0 # only long to support the edge case of restoring a big localStorage / on many origins (has to O(n) visit each origin to restore)
# )
# class GetCookiesEvent(BaseEvent):
# """Get browser cookies."""
# urls: list[str] | None = None
# event_timeout: float | None = 30.0 # seconds
# ============================================================================
# DOM-related Events
# ============================================================================
class BrowserConnectedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Browser has started/connected."""
cdp_url: str
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserConnectedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class BrowserStoppedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Browser has stopped/disconnected."""
reason: str | None = None
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserStoppedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class TabCreatedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""A new tab was created."""
target_id: TargetID
url: str
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_TabCreatedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class TabClosedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""A tab was closed."""
target_id: TargetID
# TODO:
# new_focus_target_id: int | None = None
# new_focus_url: str | None = None
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_TabClosedEvent', 3.0)) # seconds
# TODO: emit this when DOM changes significantly, inner frame navigates, form submits, history.pushState(), etc.
# class TabUpdatedEvent(BaseEvent):
# """Tab information updated (URL changed, etc.)."""
# target_id: TargetID
# url: str
class AgentFocusChangedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Agent focus changed to a different tab."""
target_id: TargetID
url: str
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_AgentFocusChangedEvent', 10.0)) # seconds
class TargetCrashedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""A target has crashed."""
target_id: TargetID
error: str
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_TargetCrashedEvent', 10.0)) # seconds
class NavigationStartedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Navigation started."""
target_id: TargetID
url: str
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_NavigationStartedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class NavigationCompleteEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Navigation completed."""
target_id: TargetID
url: str
status: int | None = None
error_message: str | None = None # Error/timeout message if navigation had issues
loading_status: str | None = None # Detailed loading status (e.g., network timeout info)
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_NavigationCompleteEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
# ============================================================================
# Error Events
# ============================================================================
class BrowserErrorEvent(BaseEvent):
"""An error occurred in the browser layer."""
error_type: str
message: str
details: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserErrorEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class BrowserReconnectingEvent(BaseEvent):
"""WebSocket reconnection attempt is starting."""
cdp_url: str
attempt: int
max_attempts: int
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserReconnectingEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class BrowserReconnectedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""WebSocket reconnection succeeded."""
cdp_url: str
attempt: int
downtime_seconds: float
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_BrowserReconnectedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
# ============================================================================
# Storage State Events
# ============================================================================
class SaveStorageStateEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Request to save browser storage state."""
path: str | None = None # Optional path, uses profile default if not provided
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_SaveStorageStateEvent', 45.0)) # seconds
class StorageStateSavedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Notification that storage state was saved."""
path: str
cookies_count: int
origins_count: int
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_StorageStateSavedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class LoadStorageStateEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Request to load browser storage state."""
path: str | None = None # Optional path, uses profile default if not provided
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_LoadStorageStateEvent', 45.0)) # seconds
# TODO: refactor this to:
# - on_BrowserConnectedEvent() -> dispatch(LoadStorageStateEvent()) -> _copy_storage_state_from_json_to_browser(json_file, new_cdp_session) + return storage_state from handler
# - on_BrowserStopEvent() -> dispatch(SaveStorageStateEvent()) -> _copy_storage_state_from_browser_to_json(new_cdp_session, json_file)
# and get rid of StorageStateSavedEvent and StorageStateLoadedEvent, have the original events + provide handler return values for any results
class StorageStateLoadedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Notification that storage state was loaded."""
path: str
cookies_count: int
origins_count: int
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_StorageStateLoadedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
# ============================================================================
# File Download Events
# ============================================================================
class DownloadStartedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""A file download has started (CDP downloadWillBegin received)."""
guid: str # CDP download GUID to correlate with FileDownloadedEvent
url: str
suggested_filename: str
auto_download: bool = False # Whether this was triggered automatically
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_DownloadStartedEvent', 5.0)) # seconds
class DownloadProgressEvent(BaseEvent):
"""A file download progress update (CDP downloadProgress received)."""
guid: str # CDP download GUID to correlate with other download events
received_bytes: int
total_bytes: int # 0 if unknown
state: str # 'inProgress', 'completed', or 'canceled'
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_DownloadProgressEvent', 5.0)) # seconds
class FileDownloadedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""A file has been downloaded."""
guid: str | None = None # CDP download GUID to correlate with DownloadStartedEvent
url: str
path: str
file_name: str
file_size: int
file_type: str | None = None # e.g., 'pdf', 'zip', 'docx', etc.
mime_type: str | None = None # e.g., 'application/pdf'
from_cache: bool = False
auto_download: bool = False # Whether this was an automatic download (e.g., PDF auto-download)
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_FileDownloadedEvent', 30.0)) # seconds
class AboutBlankDVDScreensaverShownEvent(BaseEvent):
"""AboutBlankWatchdog has shown DVD screensaver animation on an about:blank tab."""
target_id: TargetID
error: str | None = None
class DialogOpenedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Event dispatched when a JavaScript dialog is opened and handled."""
dialog_type: str # 'alert', 'confirm', 'prompt', or 'beforeunload'
message: str
url: str
frame_id: str | None = None # Can be None when frameId is not provided by CDP
# target_id: TargetID # TODO: add this to avoid needing target_id_from_frame() later
# ============================================================================
# Captcha Solver Events
# ============================================================================
class CaptchaSolverStartedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Captcha solving started by the browser proxy.
Emitted when the browser proxy detects a CAPTCHA and begins solving it.
The agent should wait for a corresponding CaptchaSolverFinishedEvent before proceeding.
"""
target_id: TargetID
vendor: str # e.g. 'cloudflare', 'recaptcha', 'hcaptcha', 'datadome', 'perimeterx', 'geetest'
url: str
started_at: int # Unix millis
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_CaptchaSolverStartedEvent', 5.0))
class CaptchaSolverFinishedEvent(BaseEvent):
"""Captcha solving finished by the browser proxy.
Emitted when the browser proxy finishes solving a CAPTCHA (successfully or not).
"""
target_id: TargetID
vendor: str
url: str
duration_ms: int
finished_at: int # Unix millis
success: bool # Whether the captcha was solved successfully
event_timeout: float | None = Field(default_factory=lambda: _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_CaptchaSolverFinishedEvent', 5.0))
# Note: Model rebuilding for forward references is handled in the importing modules
# Events with 'EnhancedDOMTreeNode' forward references (ClickElementEvent, TypeTextEvent,
# ScrollEvent, UploadFileEvent) need model_rebuild() called after imports are complete
def _check_event_names_dont_overlap():
"""
check that event names defined in this file are valid and non-overlapping
(naiively n^2 so it's pretty slow but ok for now, optimize when >20 events)
"""
event_names = {
name.split('[')[0]
for name in globals().keys()
if not name.startswith('_')
and inspect.isclass(globals()[name])
and issubclass(globals()[name], BaseEvent)
and name != 'BaseEvent'
}
for name_a in event_names:
assert name_a.endswith('Event'), f'Event with name {name_a} does not end with "Event"'
for name_b in event_names:
if name_a != name_b: # Skip self-comparison
assert name_a not in name_b, (
f'Event with name {name_a} is a substring of {name_b}, all events must be completely unique to avoid find-and-replace accidents'
)
# overlapping event names are a nightmare to trace and rename later, dont do it!
# e.g. prevent ClickEvent and FailedClickEvent are terrible names because one is a substring of the other,
# must be ClickEvent and ClickFailedEvent to preserve the usefulnes of codebase grep/sed/awk as refactoring tools.
# at import time, we do a quick check that all event names defined above are valid and non-overlapping.
# this is hand written in blood by a human! not LLM slop. feel free to optimize but do not remove it without a good reason.
_check_event_names_dont_overlap()

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"""Python-based highlighting system for drawing bounding boxes on screenshots.
This module replaces JavaScript-based highlighting with fast Python image processing
to draw bounding boxes around interactive elements directly on screenshots.
"""
import asyncio
import base64
import io
import logging
import os
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from browser_use.dom.views import DOMSelectorMap, EnhancedDOMTreeNode
from browser_use.observability import observe_debug
from browser_use.utils import time_execution_async
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Font cache to prevent repeated font loading and reduce memory usage
_FONT_CACHE: dict[tuple[str, int], ImageFont.FreeTypeFont | None] = {}
# Cross-platform font paths
_FONT_PATHS = [
'/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf', # Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
'/usr/share/fonts/TTF/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf', # Linux (Arch/Fedora)
'/System/Library/Fonts/Arial.ttf', # macOS
'C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\arial.ttf', # Windows
'arial.ttf', # Windows (system path)
'Arial Bold.ttf', # macOS alternative
'/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationSans-Bold.ttf', # Linux alternative
]
def get_cross_platform_font(font_size: int) -> ImageFont.FreeTypeFont | None:
"""Get a cross-platform compatible font with caching to prevent memory leaks.
Args:
font_size: Size of the font to load
Returns:
ImageFont object or None if no system fonts are available
"""
# Use cache key based on font size
cache_key = ('system_font', font_size)
# Return cached font if available
if cache_key in _FONT_CACHE:
return _FONT_CACHE[cache_key]
# Try to load a system font
font = None
for font_path in _FONT_PATHS:
try:
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_path, font_size)
break
except OSError:
continue
# Cache the result (even if None) to avoid repeated attempts
_FONT_CACHE[cache_key] = font
return font
def cleanup_font_cache() -> None:
"""Clean up the font cache to prevent memory leaks in long-running applications."""
global _FONT_CACHE
_FONT_CACHE.clear()
# Color scheme for different element types
ELEMENT_COLORS = {
'button': '#FF6B6B', # Red for buttons
'input': '#4ECDC4', # Teal for inputs
'select': '#45B7D1', # Blue for dropdowns
'a': '#96CEB4', # Green for links
'textarea': '#FF8C42', # Orange for text areas (was yellow, now more visible)
'default': '#DDA0DD', # Light purple for other interactive elements
}
# Element type mappings
ELEMENT_TYPE_MAP = {
'button': 'button',
'input': 'input',
'select': 'select',
'a': 'a',
'textarea': 'textarea',
}
def get_element_color(tag_name: str, element_type: str | None = None) -> str:
"""Get color for element based on tag name and type."""
# Check input type first
if tag_name == 'input' and element_type:
if element_type in ['button', 'submit']:
return ELEMENT_COLORS['button']
# Use tag-based color
return ELEMENT_COLORS.get(tag_name.lower(), ELEMENT_COLORS['default'])
def should_show_index_overlay(backend_node_id: int | None) -> bool:
"""Determine if index overlay should be shown."""
return backend_node_id is not None
def draw_enhanced_bounding_box_with_text(
draw, # ImageDraw.Draw - avoiding type annotation due to PIL typing issues
bbox: tuple[int, int, int, int],
color: str,
text: str | None = None,
font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont | None = None,
element_type: str = 'div',
image_size: tuple[int, int] = (2000, 1500),
device_pixel_ratio: float = 1.0,
) -> None:
"""Draw an enhanced bounding box with much bigger index containers and dashed borders."""
x1, y1, x2, y2 = bbox
# Draw dashed bounding box with pattern: 1 line, 2 spaces, 1 line, 2 spaces...
dash_length = 4
gap_length = 8
line_width = 2
# Helper function to draw dashed line
def draw_dashed_line(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y):
if start_x == end_x: # Vertical line
y = start_y
while y < end_y:
dash_end = min(y + dash_length, end_y)
draw.line([(start_x, y), (start_x, dash_end)], fill=color, width=line_width)
y += dash_length + gap_length
else: # Horizontal line
x = start_x
while x < end_x:
dash_end = min(x + dash_length, end_x)
draw.line([(x, start_y), (dash_end, start_y)], fill=color, width=line_width)
x += dash_length + gap_length
# Draw dashed rectangle
draw_dashed_line(x1, y1, x2, y1) # Top
draw_dashed_line(x2, y1, x2, y2) # Right
draw_dashed_line(x2, y2, x1, y2) # Bottom
draw_dashed_line(x1, y2, x1, y1) # Left
# Draw much bigger index overlay if we have index text
if text:
try:
# Scale font size for appropriate sizing across different resolutions
img_width, img_height = image_size
css_width = img_width # / device_pixel_ratio
# Much smaller scaling - 1% of CSS viewport width, max 16px to prevent huge highlights
base_font_size = max(10, min(20, int(css_width * 0.01)))
# Use shared font loading function with caching
big_font = get_cross_platform_font(base_font_size)
if big_font is None:
big_font = font # Fallback to original font if no system fonts found
# Get text size with bigger font
if big_font:
bbox_text = draw.textbbox((0, 0), text, font=big_font)
text_width = bbox_text[2] - bbox_text[0]
text_height = bbox_text[3] - bbox_text[1]
else:
# Fallback for default font
bbox_text = draw.textbbox((0, 0), text)
text_width = bbox_text[2] - bbox_text[0]
text_height = bbox_text[3] - bbox_text[1]
# Scale padding appropriately for different resolutions
padding = max(4, min(10, int(css_width * 0.005))) # 0.3% of CSS width, max 4px
element_width = x2 - x1
element_height = y2 - y1
# Container dimensions
container_width = text_width + padding * 2
container_height = text_height + padding * 2
# Position in top center - for small elements, place further up to avoid blocking content
# Center horizontally within the element
bg_x1 = x1 + (element_width - container_width) // 2
# Simple rule: if element is small, place index further up to avoid blocking icons
if element_width < 60 or element_height < 30:
# Small element: place well above to avoid blocking content
bg_y1 = max(0, y1 - container_height - 5)
else:
# Regular element: place inside with small offset
bg_y1 = y1 + 2
bg_x2 = bg_x1 + container_width
bg_y2 = bg_y1 + container_height
# Center the number within the index box with proper baseline handling
text_x = bg_x1 + (container_width - text_width) // 2
# Add extra vertical space to prevent clipping
text_y = bg_y1 + (container_height - text_height) // 2 - bbox_text[1] # Subtract top offset
# Ensure container stays within image bounds
img_width, img_height = image_size
if bg_x1 < 0:
offset = -bg_x1
bg_x1 += offset
bg_x2 += offset
text_x += offset
if bg_y1 < 0:
offset = -bg_y1
bg_y1 += offset
bg_y2 += offset
text_y += offset
if bg_x2 > img_width:
offset = bg_x2 - img_width
bg_x1 -= offset
bg_x2 -= offset
text_x -= offset
if bg_y2 > img_height:
offset = bg_y2 - img_height
bg_y1 -= offset
bg_y2 -= offset
text_y -= offset
# Draw bigger background rectangle with thicker border
draw.rectangle([bg_x1, bg_y1, bg_x2, bg_y2], fill=color, outline='white', width=2)
# Draw white text centered in the index box
draw.text((text_x, text_y), text, fill='white', font=big_font or font)
except Exception as e:
logger.debug(f'Failed to draw enhanced text overlay: {e}')
def draw_bounding_box_with_text(
draw, # ImageDraw.Draw - avoiding type annotation due to PIL typing issues
bbox: tuple[int, int, int, int],
color: str,
text: str | None = None,
font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont | None = None,
) -> None:
"""Draw a bounding box with optional text overlay."""
x1, y1, x2, y2 = bbox
# Draw dashed bounding box
dash_length = 2
gap_length = 6
# Top edge
x = x1
while x < x2:
end_x = min(x + dash_length, x2)
draw.line([(x, y1), (end_x, y1)], fill=color, width=2)
draw.line([(x, y1 + 1), (end_x, y1 + 1)], fill=color, width=2)
x += dash_length + gap_length
# Bottom edge
x = x1
while x < x2:
end_x = min(x + dash_length, x2)
draw.line([(x, y2), (end_x, y2)], fill=color, width=2)
draw.line([(x, y2 - 1), (end_x, y2 - 1)], fill=color, width=2)
x += dash_length + gap_length
# Left edge
y = y1
while y < y2:
end_y = min(y + dash_length, y2)
draw.line([(x1, y), (x1, end_y)], fill=color, width=2)
draw.line([(x1 + 1, y), (x1 + 1, end_y)], fill=color, width=2)
y += dash_length + gap_length
# Right edge
y = y1
while y < y2:
end_y = min(y + dash_length, y2)
draw.line([(x2, y), (x2, end_y)], fill=color, width=2)
draw.line([(x2 - 1, y), (x2 - 1, end_y)], fill=color, width=2)
y += dash_length + gap_length
# Draw index overlay if we have index text
if text:
try:
# Get text size
if font:
bbox_text = draw.textbbox((0, 0), text, font=font)
text_width = bbox_text[2] - bbox_text[0]
text_height = bbox_text[3] - bbox_text[1]
else:
# Fallback for default font
bbox_text = draw.textbbox((0, 0), text)
text_width = bbox_text[2] - bbox_text[0]
text_height = bbox_text[3] - bbox_text[1]
# Smart positioning based on element size
padding = 5
element_width = x2 - x1
element_height = y2 - y1
element_area = element_width * element_height
index_box_area = (text_width + padding * 2) * (text_height + padding * 2)
# Calculate size ratio to determine positioning strategy
size_ratio = element_area / max(index_box_area, 1)
if size_ratio < 4:
# Very small elements: place outside in bottom-right corner
text_x = x2 + padding
text_y = y2 - text_height
# Ensure it doesn't go off screen
text_x = min(text_x, 1200 - text_width - padding)
text_y = max(text_y, 0)
elif size_ratio < 16:
# Medium elements: place in bottom-right corner inside
text_x = x2 - text_width - padding
text_y = y2 - text_height - padding
else:
# Large elements: place in center
text_x = x1 + (element_width - text_width) // 2
text_y = y1 + (element_height - text_height) // 2
# Ensure text stays within bounds
text_x = max(0, min(text_x, 1200 - text_width))
text_y = max(0, min(text_y, 800 - text_height))
# Draw background rectangle for maximum contrast
bg_x1 = text_x - padding
bg_y1 = text_y - padding
bg_x2 = text_x + text_width + padding
bg_y2 = text_y + text_height + padding
# Use white background with thick black border for maximum visibility
draw.rectangle([bg_x1, bg_y1, bg_x2, bg_y2], fill='white', outline='black', width=2)
# Draw bold dark text on light background for best contrast
draw.text((text_x, text_y), text, fill='black', font=font)
except Exception as e:
logger.debug(f'Failed to draw text overlay: {e}')
def process_element_highlight(
element_id: int,
element: EnhancedDOMTreeNode,
draw,
device_pixel_ratio: float,
font,
filter_highlight_ids: bool,
image_size: tuple[int, int],
) -> None:
"""Process a single element for highlighting."""
try:
# Use absolute_position coordinates directly
if not element.absolute_position:
return
bounds = element.absolute_position
# Scale coordinates from CSS pixels to device pixels for screenshot
# The screenshot is captured at device pixel resolution, but coordinates are in CSS pixels
x1 = int(bounds.x * device_pixel_ratio)
y1 = int(bounds.y * device_pixel_ratio)
x2 = int((bounds.x + bounds.width) * device_pixel_ratio)
y2 = int((bounds.y + bounds.height) * device_pixel_ratio)
# Ensure coordinates are within image bounds
img_width, img_height = image_size
x1 = max(0, min(x1, img_width))
y1 = max(0, min(y1, img_height))
x2 = max(x1, min(x2, img_width))
y2 = max(y1, min(y2, img_height))
# Skip if bounding box is too small or invalid
if x2 - x1 < 2 or y2 - y1 < 2:
return
# Get element color based on type
tag_name = element.tag_name if hasattr(element, 'tag_name') else 'div'
element_type = None
if hasattr(element, 'attributes') and element.attributes:
element_type = element.attributes.get('type')
color = get_element_color(tag_name, element_type)
# Get element index for overlay and apply filtering
backend_node_id = getattr(element, 'backend_node_id', None)
index_text = None
if backend_node_id is not None:
if filter_highlight_ids:
# Use the meaningful text that matches what the LLM sees
meaningful_text = element.get_meaningful_text_for_llm()
# Show ID only if meaningful text is less than 5 characters
if len(meaningful_text) < 3:
index_text = str(backend_node_id)
else:
# Always show ID when filter is disabled
index_text = str(backend_node_id)
# Draw enhanced bounding box with bigger index
draw_enhanced_bounding_box_with_text(
draw, (x1, y1, x2, y2), color, index_text, font, tag_name, image_size, device_pixel_ratio
)
except Exception as e:
logger.debug(f'Failed to draw highlight for element {element_id}: {e}')
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='create_highlighted_screenshot')
@time_execution_async('create_highlighted_screenshot')
async def create_highlighted_screenshot(
screenshot_b64: str,
selector_map: DOMSelectorMap,
device_pixel_ratio: float = 1.0,
viewport_offset_x: int = 0,
viewport_offset_y: int = 0,
filter_highlight_ids: bool = True,
) -> str:
"""Create a highlighted screenshot with bounding boxes around interactive elements.
Args:
screenshot_b64: Base64 encoded screenshot
selector_map: Map of interactive elements with their positions
device_pixel_ratio: Device pixel ratio for scaling coordinates
viewport_offset_x: X offset for viewport positioning
viewport_offset_y: Y offset for viewport positioning
Returns:
Base64 encoded highlighted screenshot
"""
try:
# Decode screenshot
screenshot_data = base64.b64decode(screenshot_b64)
image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(screenshot_data)).convert('RGBA')
# Create drawing context
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Load font using shared function with caching
font = get_cross_platform_font(12)
# If no system fonts found, font remains None and will use default font
# Process elements sequentially to avoid ImageDraw thread safety issues
# PIL ImageDraw is not thread-safe, so we process elements one by one
for element_id, element in selector_map.items():
process_element_highlight(element_id, element, draw, device_pixel_ratio, font, filter_highlight_ids, image.size)
# Convert back to base64
output_buffer = io.BytesIO()
try:
image.save(output_buffer, format='PNG')
output_buffer.seek(0)
highlighted_b64 = base64.b64encode(output_buffer.getvalue()).decode('utf-8')
logger.debug(f'Successfully created highlighted screenshot with {len(selector_map)} elements')
return highlighted_b64
finally:
# Explicit cleanup to prevent memory leaks
output_buffer.close()
if 'image' in locals():
image.close()
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'Failed to create highlighted screenshot: {e}')
# Clean up on error as well
if 'image' in locals():
image.close()
# Return original screenshot on error
return screenshot_b64
async def get_viewport_info_from_cdp(cdp_session) -> tuple[float, int, int]:
"""Get viewport information from CDP session.
Returns:
Tuple of (device_pixel_ratio, scroll_x, scroll_y)
"""
try:
# Get layout metrics which includes viewport info and device pixel ratio
metrics = await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.getLayoutMetrics(session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
# Extract viewport information
visual_viewport = metrics.get('visualViewport', {})
css_visual_viewport = metrics.get('cssVisualViewport', {})
css_layout_viewport = metrics.get('cssLayoutViewport', {})
# Calculate device pixel ratio
css_width = css_visual_viewport.get('clientWidth', css_layout_viewport.get('clientWidth', 1280.0))
device_width = visual_viewport.get('clientWidth', css_width)
device_pixel_ratio = device_width / css_width if css_width > 0 else 1.0
# Get scroll position in CSS pixels
scroll_x = int(css_visual_viewport.get('pageX', 0))
scroll_y = int(css_visual_viewport.get('pageY', 0))
return float(device_pixel_ratio), scroll_x, scroll_y
except Exception as e:
logger.debug(f'Failed to get viewport info from CDP: {e}')
return 1.0, 0, 0
@time_execution_async('create_highlighted_screenshot_async')
async def create_highlighted_screenshot_async(
screenshot_b64: str, selector_map: DOMSelectorMap, cdp_session=None, filter_highlight_ids: bool = True
) -> str:
"""Async wrapper for creating highlighted screenshots.
Args:
screenshot_b64: Base64 encoded screenshot
selector_map: Map of interactive elements
cdp_session: CDP session for getting viewport info
filter_highlight_ids: Whether to filter element IDs based on meaningful text
Returns:
Base64 encoded highlighted screenshot
"""
# Get viewport information if CDP session is available
device_pixel_ratio = 1.0
viewport_offset_x = 0
viewport_offset_y = 0
if cdp_session:
try:
device_pixel_ratio, viewport_offset_x, viewport_offset_y = await get_viewport_info_from_cdp(cdp_session)
except Exception as e:
logger.debug(f'Failed to get viewport info from CDP: {e}')
# Create highlighted screenshot with async processing
final_screenshot = await create_highlighted_screenshot(
screenshot_b64, selector_map, device_pixel_ratio, viewport_offset_x, viewport_offset_y, filter_highlight_ids
)
filename = os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_SCREENSHOT_FILE')
if filename:
def _write_screenshot():
try:
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(base64.b64decode(final_screenshot))
logger.debug('Saved screenshot to ' + str(filename))
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f'Failed to save screenshot to {filename}: {e}')
await asyncio.to_thread(_write_screenshot)
return final_screenshot
# Export the cleanup function for external use in long-running applications
__all__ = ['create_highlighted_screenshot', 'create_highlighted_screenshot_async', 'cleanup_font_cache']

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"""Event-driven CDP session management.
Manages CDP sessions by listening to Target.attachedToTarget and Target.detachedFromTarget
events, ensuring the session pool always reflects the current browser state.
"""
import asyncio
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from cdp_use.cdp.target import AttachedToTargetEvent, DetachedFromTargetEvent, SessionID, TargetID
from browser_use.utils import create_task_with_error_handling
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from browser_use.browser.session import BrowserSession, CDPSession, Target
class SessionManager:
"""Event-driven CDP session manager.
Automatically synchronizes the CDP session pool with browser state via CDP events.
Key features:
- Sessions added/removed automatically via Target attach/detach events
- Multiple sessions can attach to the same target
- Targets only removed when ALL sessions detach
- No stale sessions - pool always reflects browser reality
SessionManager is the SINGLE SOURCE OF TRUTH for all targets and sessions.
"""
def __init__(self, browser_session: 'BrowserSession'):
self.browser_session = browser_session
self.logger = browser_session.logger
# All targets (entities: pages, iframes, workers)
self._targets: dict[TargetID, 'Target'] = {}
# All sessions (communication channels)
self._sessions: dict[SessionID, 'CDPSession'] = {}
# Mapping: target -> sessions attached to it
self._target_sessions: dict[TargetID, set[SessionID]] = {}
# Reverse mapping: session -> target it belongs to
self._session_to_target: dict[SessionID, TargetID] = {}
self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
self._recovery_lock = asyncio.Lock()
# Focus recovery coordination - event-driven instead of polling
self._recovery_in_progress: bool = False
self._recovery_complete_event: asyncio.Event | None = None
self._recovery_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
async def start_monitoring(self) -> None:
"""Start monitoring Target attach/detach events.
Registers CDP event handlers to keep the session pool synchronized with browser state.
Also discovers and initializes all existing targets on startup.
"""
if not self.browser_session._cdp_client_root:
raise RuntimeError('CDP client not initialized')
# Capture cdp_client_root in closure to avoid type errors
cdp_client = self.browser_session._cdp_client_root
# Enable target discovery to receive targetInfoChanged events automatically
# This eliminates the need for getTargetInfo() polling calls
await cdp_client.send.Target.setDiscoverTargets(
params={'discover': True, 'filter': [{'type': 'page'}, {'type': 'iframe'}]}
)
# Register synchronous event handlers (CDP requirement)
def on_attached(event: AttachedToTargetEvent, session_id: SessionID | None = None):
# _handle_target_attached() handles:
# - setAutoAttach for children
# - Create CDPSession
# - Enable monitoring (for pages/tabs)
# - Add to pool
create_task_with_error_handling(
self._handle_target_attached(event),
name='handle_target_attached',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=True,
)
def on_detached(event: DetachedFromTargetEvent, session_id: SessionID | None = None):
create_task_with_error_handling(
self._handle_target_detached(event),
name='handle_target_detached',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=True,
)
def on_target_info_changed(event, session_id: SessionID | None = None):
# Update session info from targetInfoChanged events (no polling needed!)
create_task_with_error_handling(
self._handle_target_info_changed(event),
name='handle_target_info_changed',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=True,
)
cdp_client.register.Target.attachedToTarget(on_attached)
cdp_client.register.Target.detachedFromTarget(on_detached)
cdp_client.register.Target.targetInfoChanged(on_target_info_changed)
self.logger.debug('[SessionManager] Event monitoring started')
# Discover and initialize ALL existing targets
await self._initialize_existing_targets()
def _get_session_for_target(self, target_id: TargetID) -> 'CDPSession | None':
"""Internal: Get ANY valid session for a target (picks first available).
⚠️ INTERNAL API - Use browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session() instead!
This method has no validation, no focus management, no recovery.
Args:
target_id: Target ID to get session for
Returns:
CDPSession if exists, None if target has detached
"""
session_ids = self._target_sessions.get(target_id, set())
if not session_ids:
# Check if this is the focused target - indicates stale focus that needs cleanup
if self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id == target_id:
self.logger.warning(
f'[SessionManager] ⚠️ Attempted to get session for stale focused target {target_id[:8]}... '
f'Clearing stale focus and triggering recovery.'
)
# Clear stale focus immediately (defense in depth)
self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id = None
# Trigger recovery if not already in progress
if not self._recovery_in_progress:
self.logger.warning('[SessionManager] Recovery was not in progress! Triggering now.')
self._recovery_task = create_task_with_error_handling(
self._recover_agent_focus(target_id),
name='recover_agent_focus_from_stale_get',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=False,
)
return None
return self._sessions.get(next(iter(session_ids)))
def get_all_page_targets(self) -> list:
"""Get all page/tab targets using owned data.
Returns:
List of Target objects for all page/tab targets
"""
page_targets = []
for target in self._targets.values():
if target.target_type in ('page', 'tab'):
page_targets.append(target)
return page_targets
async def validate_session(self, target_id: TargetID) -> bool:
"""Check if a target still has active sessions.
Args:
target_id: Target ID to validate
Returns:
True if target has active sessions, False if it should be removed
"""
if target_id not in self._target_sessions:
return False
return len(self._target_sessions[target_id]) > 0
async def clear(self) -> None:
"""Clear all owned data structures for cleanup."""
async with self._lock:
# Clear owned data (single source of truth)
self._targets.clear()
self._sessions.clear()
self._target_sessions.clear()
self._session_to_target.clear()
self.logger.info('[SessionManager] Cleared all owned data (targets, sessions, mappings)')
async def is_target_valid(self, target_id: TargetID) -> bool:
"""Check if a target is still valid and has active sessions.
Args:
target_id: Target ID to validate
Returns:
True if target is valid and has active sessions, False otherwise
"""
if target_id not in self._target_sessions:
return False
return len(self._target_sessions[target_id]) > 0
def get_target_id_from_session_id(self, session_id: SessionID) -> TargetID | None:
"""Look up which target a session belongs to.
Args:
session_id: The session ID to look up
Returns:
Target ID if found, None otherwise
"""
return self._session_to_target.get(session_id)
def get_target(self, target_id: TargetID) -> 'Target | None':
"""Get target from owned data.
Args:
target_id: Target ID to get
Returns:
Target object if found, None otherwise
"""
return self._targets.get(target_id)
def get_all_targets(self) -> dict[TargetID, 'Target']:
"""Get all targets (read-only access to owned data).
Returns:
Dict mapping target_id to Target objects
"""
return self._targets
def get_all_target_ids(self) -> list[TargetID]:
"""Get all target IDs from owned data.
Returns:
List of all target IDs
"""
return list(self._targets.keys())
def get_all_sessions(self) -> dict[SessionID, 'CDPSession']:
"""Get all sessions (read-only access to owned data).
Returns:
Dict mapping session_id to CDPSession objects
"""
return self._sessions
def get_session(self, session_id: SessionID) -> 'CDPSession | None':
"""Get session from owned data.
Args:
session_id: Session ID to get
Returns:
CDPSession object if found, None otherwise
"""
return self._sessions.get(session_id)
def get_all_sessions_for_target(self, target_id: TargetID) -> list['CDPSession']:
"""Get ALL sessions attached to a target from owned data.
Args:
target_id: Target ID to get sessions for
Returns:
List of all CDPSession objects for this target
"""
session_ids = self._target_sessions.get(target_id, set())
return [self._sessions[sid] for sid in session_ids if sid in self._sessions]
def get_target_sessions_mapping(self) -> dict[TargetID, set[SessionID]]:
"""Get target->sessions mapping (read-only access).
Returns:
Dict mapping target_id to set of session_ids
"""
return self._target_sessions
def get_focused_target(self) -> 'Target | None':
"""Get the target that currently has agent focus.
Convenience method that uses browser_session.agent_focus_target_id.
Returns:
Target object if agent has focus, None otherwise
"""
if not self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id:
return None
return self.get_target(self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id)
async def ensure_valid_focus(self, timeout: float = 3.0) -> bool:
"""Ensure agent_focus_target_id points to a valid, attached CDP session.
If the focus target is stale (detached), this method waits for automatic recovery.
Uses event-driven coordination instead of polling for efficiency.
Args:
timeout: Maximum time to wait for recovery in seconds (default: 3.0)
Returns:
True if focus is valid or successfully recovered, False if no focus or recovery failed
"""
if not self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id:
# No focus at all - might be initial state or complete failure
if self._recovery_in_progress and self._recovery_complete_event:
# Recovery is happening, wait for it
try:
await asyncio.wait_for(self._recovery_complete_event.wait(), timeout=timeout)
# Check again after recovery - simple existence check
focus_id = self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id
return bool(focus_id and self._get_session_for_target(focus_id))
except TimeoutError:
self.logger.error(f'[SessionManager] ❌ Timed out waiting for recovery after {timeout}s')
return False
return False
# Simple existence check - does the focused target have a session?
cdp_session = self._get_session_for_target(self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id)
if cdp_session:
# Session exists - validate it's still active
is_valid = await self.validate_session(self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id)
if is_valid:
return True
# Focus is stale - wait for recovery using event instead of polling
stale_target_id = self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id
self.logger.warning(
f'[SessionManager] ⚠️ Stale agent_focus detected (target {stale_target_id[:8] if stale_target_id else "None"}... detached), '
f'waiting for recovery...'
)
# Check if recovery is already in progress
if not self._recovery_in_progress:
self.logger.warning(
'[SessionManager] ⚠️ Recovery not in progress for stale focus! '
'This indicates a bug - recovery should have been triggered.'
)
return False
# Wait for recovery complete event (event-driven, not polling!)
if self._recovery_complete_event:
try:
start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
await asyncio.wait_for(self._recovery_complete_event.wait(), timeout=timeout)
elapsed = asyncio.get_event_loop().time() - start_time
# Verify recovery succeeded - simple existence check
focus_id = self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id
if focus_id and self._get_session_for_target(focus_id):
self.logger.info(
f'[SessionManager] ✅ Agent focus recovered to {self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id[:8]}... '
f'after {elapsed * 1000:.0f}ms'
)
return True
else:
self.logger.error(
f'[SessionManager] ❌ Recovery completed but focus still invalid after {elapsed * 1000:.0f}ms'
)
return False
except TimeoutError:
self.logger.error(
f'[SessionManager] ❌ Recovery timed out after {timeout}s '
f'(was: {stale_target_id[:8] if stale_target_id else "None"}..., '
f'now: {self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id[:8] if self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id else "None"})'
)
return False
else:
self.logger.error('[SessionManager] ❌ Recovery event not initialized')
return False
async def _handle_target_attached(self, event: AttachedToTargetEvent) -> None:
"""Handle Target.attachedToTarget event.
Called automatically by Chrome when a new target/session is created.
This is the ONLY place where sessions are added to the pool.
"""
target_id = event['targetInfo']['targetId']
session_id = event['sessionId']
target_type = event['targetInfo']['type']
target_info = event['targetInfo']
waiting_for_debugger = event.get('waitingForDebugger', False)
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Target attached: {target_id[:8]}... (session={session_id[:8]}..., '
f'type={target_type}, waitingForDebugger={waiting_for_debugger})'
)
# Defensive check: browser may be shutting down and _cdp_client_root could be None
if self.browser_session._cdp_client_root is None:
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Skipping target attach for {target_id[:8]}... - browser shutting down (no CDP client)'
)
return
# Enable auto-attach for this session's children (do this FIRST, outside lock)
try:
await self.browser_session._cdp_client_root.send.Target.setAutoAttach(
params={'autoAttach': True, 'waitForDebuggerOnStart': False, 'flatten': True}, session_id=session_id
)
except Exception as e:
error_str = str(e)
# Expected for short-lived targets (workers, temp iframes) that detach before this executes
if '-32001' not in error_str and 'Session with given id not found' not in error_str:
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Auto-attach failed for {target_type}: {e}')
from browser_use.browser.session import Target
async with self._lock:
# Track this session for the target
if target_id not in self._target_sessions:
self._target_sessions[target_id] = set()
self._target_sessions[target_id].add(session_id)
self._session_to_target[session_id] = target_id
# Create or update Target inside the same lock so that get_target() is never
# called in the window between _target_sessions being set and _targets being set.
if target_id not in self._targets:
target = Target(
target_id=target_id,
target_type=target_type,
url=target_info.get('url', 'about:blank'),
title=target_info.get('title', 'Unknown title'),
)
self._targets[target_id] = target
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Created target {target_id[:8]}... (type={target_type})')
else:
# Update existing target info
existing_target = self._targets[target_id]
existing_target.url = target_info.get('url', existing_target.url)
existing_target.title = target_info.get('title', existing_target.title)
# Create CDPSession (communication channel)
from browser_use.browser.session import CDPSession
assert self.browser_session._cdp_client_root is not None, 'Root CDP client required'
cdp_session = CDPSession(
cdp_client=self.browser_session._cdp_client_root,
target_id=target_id,
session_id=session_id,
)
# Add to sessions dict
self._sessions[session_id] = cdp_session
# If proxy auth is configured, enable Fetch auth handling on this session
# Avoids overwriting Target.attachedToTarget handlers elsewhere
try:
proxy_cfg = self.browser_session.browser_profile.proxy
username = proxy_cfg.username if proxy_cfg else None
password = proxy_cfg.password if proxy_cfg else None
if username and password:
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Fetch.enable(
params={'handleAuthRequests': True},
session_id=cdp_session.session_id,
)
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Fetch.enable(handleAuthRequests=True) on session {session_id[:8]}...')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Fetch.enable on attached session failed: {type(e).__name__}: {e}')
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Created session {session_id[:8]}... for target {target_id[:8]}... '
f'(total sessions: {len(self._sessions)})'
)
# Enable lifecycle events and network monitoring for page targets
if target_type in ('page', 'tab'):
await self._enable_page_monitoring(cdp_session)
# Resume execution if waiting for debugger
if waiting_for_debugger:
try:
assert self.browser_session._cdp_client_root is not None
await self.browser_session._cdp_client_root.send.Runtime.runIfWaitingForDebugger(session_id=session_id)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'[SessionManager] Failed to resume execution: {e}')
async def _handle_target_info_changed(self, event: dict) -> None:
"""Handle Target.targetInfoChanged event.
Updates target title/URL without polling getTargetInfo().
Chrome fires this automatically when title or URL changes.
"""
target_info = event.get('targetInfo', {})
target_id = target_info.get('targetId')
if not target_id:
return
async with self._lock:
# Update target if it exists (source of truth for url/title)
if target_id in self._targets:
target = self._targets[target_id]
target.title = target_info.get('title', target.title)
target.url = target_info.get('url', target.url)
async def _handle_target_detached(self, event: DetachedFromTargetEvent) -> None:
"""Handle Target.detachedFromTarget event.
Called automatically by Chrome when a target/session is destroyed.
This is the ONLY place where sessions are removed from the pool.
"""
session_id = event['sessionId']
target_id = event.get('targetId') # May be empty
# If targetId not in event, look it up via session mapping
if not target_id:
async with self._lock:
target_id = self._session_to_target.get(session_id)
if not target_id:
self.logger.warning(f'[SessionManager] Session detached but target unknown (session={session_id[:8]}...)')
return
agent_focus_lost = False
target_fully_removed = False
target_type = None
async with self._lock:
# Remove this session from target's session set
if target_id in self._target_sessions:
self._target_sessions[target_id].discard(session_id)
remaining_sessions = len(self._target_sessions[target_id])
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Session detached: target={target_id[:8]}... '
f'session={session_id[:8]}... (remaining={remaining_sessions})'
)
# Only remove target when NO sessions remain
if remaining_sessions == 0:
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] No sessions remain for target {target_id[:8]}..., removing target')
target_fully_removed = True
# Check if agent_focus points to this target
agent_focus_lost = self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id == target_id
# Immediately clear stale focus to prevent operations on detached target
if agent_focus_lost:
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Clearing stale agent_focus_target_id {target_id[:8]}... '
f'to prevent operations on detached target'
)
self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id = None
# Get target type before removing (needed for TabClosedEvent dispatch)
target = self._targets.get(target_id)
target_type = target.target_type if target else None
# Remove target (entity) from owned data
if target_id in self._targets:
self._targets.pop(target_id)
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Removed target {target_id[:8]}... (remaining targets: {len(self._targets)})'
)
# Clean up tracking
del self._target_sessions[target_id]
else:
# Target not tracked - already removed or never attached
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Session detached from untracked target: target={target_id[:8]}... '
f'session={session_id[:8]}... (target was already removed or attach event was missed)'
)
# Remove session from owned sessions dict
if session_id in self._sessions:
self._sessions.pop(session_id)
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Removed session {session_id[:8]}... (remaining sessions: {len(self._sessions)})'
)
# Remove from reverse mapping
if session_id in self._session_to_target:
del self._session_to_target[session_id]
# Dispatch TabClosedEvent only for page/tab targets that are fully removed (not iframes/workers or partial detaches)
if target_fully_removed:
if target_type in ('page', 'tab'):
from browser_use.browser.events import TabClosedEvent
self.browser_session.event_bus.dispatch(TabClosedEvent(target_id=target_id))
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Dispatched TabClosedEvent for page target {target_id[:8]}...')
elif target_type:
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Target {target_id[:8]}... fully removed (type={target_type}) - not dispatching TabClosedEvent'
)
# Auto-recover agent_focus outside the lock to avoid blocking other operations
if agent_focus_lost:
# Create recovery task instead of awaiting directly - allows concurrent operations to wait on same recovery
if not self._recovery_in_progress:
self._recovery_task = create_task_with_error_handling(
self._recover_agent_focus(target_id),
name='recover_agent_focus',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=False,
)
async def _recover_agent_focus(self, crashed_target_id: TargetID) -> None:
"""Auto-recover agent_focus when the focused target crashes/detaches.
Uses recovery lock to prevent concurrent recovery attempts from creating multiple emergency tabs.
Coordinates with ensure_valid_focus() via events for efficient waiting.
Args:
crashed_target_id: The target ID that was lost
"""
try:
# Prevent concurrent recovery attempts
async with self._recovery_lock:
# Set recovery state INSIDE lock to prevent race conditions
if self._recovery_in_progress:
self.logger.debug('[SessionManager] Recovery already in progress, waiting for it to complete')
# Wait for ongoing recovery instead of starting a new one
if self._recovery_complete_event:
try:
await asyncio.wait_for(self._recovery_complete_event.wait(), timeout=5.0)
except TimeoutError:
self.logger.error('[SessionManager] Timed out waiting for ongoing recovery')
return
# Set recovery state
self._recovery_in_progress = True
self._recovery_complete_event = asyncio.Event()
if self.browser_session._cdp_client_root is None:
self.logger.debug('[SessionManager] Skipping focus recovery - browser shutting down (no CDP client)')
return
# Check if another recovery already fixed agent_focus
if self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id and self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id != crashed_target_id:
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Agent focus already recovered by concurrent operation '
f'(now: {self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id[:8]}...), skipping recovery'
)
return
# Note: agent_focus_target_id may already be None (cleared in _handle_target_detached)
current_focus_desc = (
f'{self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id[:8]}...'
if self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id
else 'None (already cleared)'
)
self.logger.warning(
f'[SessionManager] Agent focus target {crashed_target_id[:8]}... detached! '
f'Current focus: {current_focus_desc}. Auto-recovering by switching to another target...'
)
# Perform recovery (outside lock to allow concurrent operations)
# Try to find another valid page target
page_targets = self.get_all_page_targets()
new_target_id = None
is_existing_tab = False
if page_targets:
# Switch to most recent page that's not the crashed one
new_target_id = page_targets[-1].target_id
is_existing_tab = True
self.logger.info(f'[SessionManager] Switching agent_focus to existing tab {new_target_id[:8]}...')
else:
# No pages exist - create a new one
self.logger.warning('[SessionManager] No tabs remain! Creating new tab for agent...')
new_target_id = await self.browser_session._cdp_create_new_page('about:blank')
self.logger.info(f'[SessionManager] Created new tab {new_target_id[:8]}... for agent')
# Dispatch TabCreatedEvent so watchdogs can initialize
from browser_use.browser.events import TabCreatedEvent
self.browser_session.event_bus.dispatch(TabCreatedEvent(url='about:blank', target_id=new_target_id))
# Wait for CDP attach event to create session
# Note: This polling is necessary - waiting for external Chrome CDP event
# _handle_target_attached will add session to pool when Chrome fires attachedToTarget
new_session = None
for attempt in range(20): # Wait up to 2 seconds
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
new_session = self._get_session_for_target(new_target_id)
if new_session:
break
if new_session:
self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id = new_target_id
self.logger.info(f'[SessionManager] ✅ Agent focus recovered: {new_target_id[:8]}...')
# Visually activate the tab in browser (only for existing tabs)
if is_existing_tab:
try:
assert self.browser_session._cdp_client_root is not None
await self.browser_session._cdp_client_root.send.Target.activateTarget(params={'targetId': new_target_id})
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Activated tab {new_target_id[:8]}... in browser UI')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Failed to activate tab visually: {e}')
# Get target to access url (from owned data)
target = self.get_target(new_target_id)
target_url = target.url if target else 'about:blank'
# Dispatch focus changed event
from browser_use.browser.events import AgentFocusChangedEvent
self.browser_session.event_bus.dispatch(AgentFocusChangedEvent(target_id=new_target_id, url=target_url))
return
# Recovery failed - create emergency fallback tab
self.logger.error(
f'[SessionManager] ❌ Failed to get session for {new_target_id[:8]}... after 2s, creating emergency fallback tab'
)
fallback_target_id = await self.browser_session._cdp_create_new_page('about:blank')
self.logger.warning(f'[SessionManager] Created emergency fallback tab {fallback_target_id[:8]}...')
# Try one more time with fallback
# Note: This polling is necessary - waiting for external Chrome CDP event
for _ in range(20):
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
fallback_session = self._get_session_for_target(fallback_target_id)
if fallback_session:
self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id = fallback_target_id
self.logger.warning(f'[SessionManager] ⚠️ Agent focus set to emergency fallback: {fallback_target_id[:8]}...')
from browser_use.browser.events import AgentFocusChangedEvent, TabCreatedEvent
self.browser_session.event_bus.dispatch(TabCreatedEvent(url='about:blank', target_id=fallback_target_id))
self.browser_session.event_bus.dispatch(
AgentFocusChangedEvent(target_id=fallback_target_id, url='about:blank')
)
return
# Complete failure - this should never happen
self.logger.critical(
'[SessionManager] 🚨 CRITICAL: Failed to recover agent_focus even with fallback! Agent may be in broken state.'
)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[SessionManager] ❌ Error during agent_focus recovery: {type(e).__name__}: {e}')
finally:
# Always signal completion and reset recovery state
# This allows all waiting operations to proceed (success or failure)
if self._recovery_complete_event:
self._recovery_complete_event.set()
self._recovery_in_progress = False
self._recovery_task = None
self.logger.debug('[SessionManager] Recovery state reset')
async def _initialize_existing_targets(self) -> None:
"""Discover and initialize all existing targets at startup.
Attaches to each target and initializes it SYNCHRONOUSLY.
Chrome will also fire attachedToTarget events, but _handle_target_attached() is
idempotent (checks if target already in pool), so duplicate handling is safe.
This eliminates race conditions - monitoring is guaranteed ready before navigation.
"""
cdp_client = self.browser_session._cdp_client_root
assert cdp_client is not None
# Get all existing targets
targets_result = await cdp_client.send.Target.getTargets()
existing_targets = targets_result.get('targetInfos', [])
self.logger.debug(f'[SessionManager] Discovered {len(existing_targets)} existing targets')
# Track target IDs for verification
target_ids_to_wait_for = []
# Just attach to ALL existing targets - Chrome fires attachedToTarget events
# The on_attached handler (via create_task) does ALL the work
for target in existing_targets:
target_id = target['targetId']
target_type = target.get('type', 'unknown')
try:
# Just attach - event handler does everything
await cdp_client.send.Target.attachToTarget(params={'targetId': target_id, 'flatten': True})
target_ids_to_wait_for.append(target_id)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Failed to attach to existing target {target_id[:8]}... (type={target_type}): {e}'
)
# Wait for event handlers to complete their work (they run via create_task)
# Use event-driven approach instead of polling for better performance
ready_event = asyncio.Event()
async def check_all_ready():
"""Check if all sessions are ready and signal completion."""
while True:
ready_count = 0
for tid in target_ids_to_wait_for:
session = self._get_session_for_target(tid)
if session:
target = self._targets.get(tid)
target_type = target.target_type if target else 'unknown'
# For pages, verify monitoring is enabled
if target_type in ('page', 'tab'):
if hasattr(session, '_lifecycle_events') and session._lifecycle_events is not None:
ready_count += 1
else:
# Non-page targets don't need monitoring
ready_count += 1
if ready_count == len(target_ids_to_wait_for):
ready_event.set()
return
await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
# Start checking in background
check_task = create_task_with_error_handling(
check_all_ready(), name='check_all_targets_ready', logger_instance=self.logger
)
try:
# Wait for completion with timeout
await asyncio.wait_for(ready_event.wait(), timeout=2.0)
except TimeoutError:
# Timeout - count what's ready
ready_count = 0
for tid in target_ids_to_wait_for:
session = self._get_session_for_target(tid)
if session:
target = self._targets.get(tid)
target_type = target.target_type if target else 'unknown'
# For pages, verify monitoring is enabled
if target_type in ('page', 'tab'):
if hasattr(session, '_lifecycle_events') and session._lifecycle_events is not None:
ready_count += 1
else:
# Non-page targets don't need monitoring
ready_count += 1
self.logger.warning(
f'[SessionManager] Initialization timeout after 2.0s: {ready_count}/{len(target_ids_to_wait_for)} sessions ready'
)
finally:
check_task.cancel()
try:
await check_task
except asyncio.CancelledError:
pass
async def _enable_page_monitoring(self, cdp_session: 'CDPSession') -> None:
"""Enable lifecycle events and network monitoring for a page target.
This is called once per page when it's created, avoiding handler accumulation.
Registers a SINGLE lifecycle handler per session that stores events for navigations to consume.
Args:
cdp_session: The CDP session to enable monitoring on
"""
try:
# Enable Page domain first (required for lifecycle events)
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.enable(session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
# Enable lifecycle events (load, DOMContentLoaded, networkIdle, etc.)
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.setLifecycleEventsEnabled(
params={'enabled': True}, session_id=cdp_session.session_id
)
# Enable network monitoring for networkIdle detection
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Network.enable(session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
# Initialize lifecycle event storage for this session (thread-safe)
from collections import deque
cdp_session._lifecycle_events = deque(maxlen=50) # Keep last 50 events
cdp_session._lifecycle_lock = asyncio.Lock()
# Register ONE handler per session that stores events
def on_lifecycle_event(event, session_id=None):
event_name = event.get('name', 'unknown')
event_loader_id = event.get('loaderId', 'none')
# Find which target this session belongs to
target_id_from_event = None
if session_id:
target_id_from_event = self.get_target_id_from_session_id(session_id)
# Check if this event is for our target
if target_id_from_event == cdp_session.target_id:
# Store event for navigations to consume
event_data = {
'name': event_name,
'loaderId': event_loader_id,
'timestamp': asyncio.get_event_loop().time(),
}
# Append is atomic in CPython
try:
cdp_session._lifecycle_events.append(event_data)
except Exception as e:
# Only log errors, not every event
self.logger.error(f'[SessionManager] Failed to store lifecycle event: {e}')
# Register the handler ONCE (this is the only place we register)
cdp_session.cdp_client.register.Page.lifecycleEvent(on_lifecycle_event)
except Exception as e:
# Don't fail - target might be short-lived or already detached
error_str = str(e)
if '-32001' in error_str or 'Session with given id not found' in error_str:
self.logger.debug(
f'[SessionManager] Target {cdp_session.target_id[:8]}... detached before monitoring could be enabled (normal for short-lived targets)'
)
else:
self.logger.warning(
f'[SessionManager] Failed to enable monitoring for target {cdp_session.target_id[:8]}...: {e}'
)

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"""Video Recording Service for Browser Use Sessions."""
import base64
import io
import logging
import math
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
from browser_use.browser.profile import ViewportSize
try:
import imageio.v2 as iio # type: ignore[import-not-found]
import numpy as np # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from imageio.core.format import Format # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from PIL import Image
IMAGEIO_AVAILABLE = True
except ImportError:
IMAGEIO_AVAILABLE = False
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _get_padded_size(size: ViewportSize, macro_block_size: int = 16) -> ViewportSize:
"""Calculates the dimensions padded to the nearest multiple of macro_block_size."""
width = int(math.ceil(size['width'] / macro_block_size)) * macro_block_size
height = int(math.ceil(size['height'] / macro_block_size)) * macro_block_size
return ViewportSize(width=width, height=height)
class VideoRecorderService:
"""
Handles the video encoding process for a browser session using imageio.
This service captures individual frames from the CDP screencast, decodes them,
and appends them to a video file using a pip-installable ffmpeg backend.
It automatically resizes frames to match the target video dimensions.
"""
def __init__(self, output_path: Path, size: ViewportSize, framerate: int):
"""
Initializes the video recorder.
Args:
output_path: The full path where the video will be saved.
size: A ViewportSize object specifying the width and height of the video.
framerate: The desired framerate for the output video.
"""
self.output_path = output_path
self.size = size
self.framerate = framerate
self._writer: Optional['Format.Writer'] = None
self._is_active = False
self.padded_size = _get_padded_size(self.size)
def start(self) -> None:
"""
Prepares and starts the video writer.
If the required optional dependencies are not installed, this method will
log an error and do nothing.
"""
if not IMAGEIO_AVAILABLE:
logger.error(
'MP4 recording requires optional dependencies. Please install them with: pip install "browser-use[video]"'
)
return
try:
self.output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# The macro_block_size is set to None because we handle padding ourselves
self._writer = iio.get_writer(
str(self.output_path),
fps=self.framerate,
codec='libx264',
quality=8, # A good balance of quality and file size (1-10 scale)
pixelformat='yuv420p', # Ensures compatibility with most players
macro_block_size=None,
)
self._is_active = True
logger.debug(f'Video recorder started. Output will be saved to {self.output_path}')
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'Failed to initialize video writer: {e}')
self._is_active = False
def add_frame(self, frame_data_b64: str) -> None:
"""
Decodes a base64-encoded PNG frame, resizes it, pads it to be codec-compatible,
and appends it to the video.
Args:
frame_data_b64: A base64-encoded string of the PNG frame data.
"""
if not self._is_active or not self._writer:
return
try:
frame_bytes = base64.b64decode(frame_data_b64)
# Use PIL to handle image processing in memory - much faster than spawning ffmpeg subprocess per frame
with Image.open(io.BytesIO(frame_bytes)) as img:
# 1. Resize if needed to target viewport size
if img.size != (self.size['width'], self.size['height']):
# Use BICUBIC as it's faster than LANCZOS and good enough for screen recordings
img = img.resize((self.size['width'], self.size['height']), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)
# 2. Handle Padding (Macro block alignment for codecs)
# Check if padding is actually needed
if self.padded_size['width'] != self.size['width'] or self.padded_size['height'] != self.size['height']:
new_img = Image.new('RGB', (self.padded_size['width'], self.padded_size['height']), (0, 0, 0))
# Center the image
x_offset = (self.padded_size['width'] - self.size['width']) // 2
y_offset = (self.padded_size['height'] - self.size['height']) // 2
new_img.paste(img, (x_offset, y_offset))
img = new_img
# 3. Convert to numpy array for imageio
img_array = np.array(img)
self._writer.append_data(img_array)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f'Could not process and add video frame: {e}')
def stop_and_save(self) -> None:
"""
Finalizes the video file by closing the writer.
This method should be called when the recording session is complete.
"""
if not self._is_active or not self._writer:
return
try:
self._writer.close()
logger.info(f'📹 Video recording saved successfully to: {self.output_path}')
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'Failed to finalize and save video: {e}')
finally:
self._is_active = False
self._writer = None

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from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.target import TargetID
from pydantic import AliasChoices, BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, field_serializer
from browser_use.dom.views import DOMInteractedElement, SerializedDOMState
# Known placeholder image data for about:blank pages - a 4x4 white PNG
PLACEHOLDER_4PX_SCREENSHOT = (
'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAECAIAAAAmkwkpAAAAFElEQVR4nGP8//8/AwwwMSAB3BwAlm4DBfIlvvkAAAAASUVORK5CYII='
)
# Pydantic
class TabInfo(BaseModel):
"""Represents information about a browser tab"""
model_config = ConfigDict(
extra='forbid',
validate_by_name=True,
validate_by_alias=True,
populate_by_name=True,
)
# Original fields
url: str
title: str
target_id: TargetID = Field(serialization_alias='tab_id', validation_alias=AliasChoices('tab_id', 'target_id'))
parent_target_id: TargetID | None = Field(
default=None, serialization_alias='parent_tab_id', validation_alias=AliasChoices('parent_tab_id', 'parent_target_id')
) # parent page that contains this popup or cross-origin iframe
@field_serializer('target_id')
def serialize_target_id(self, target_id: TargetID, _info: Any) -> str:
return target_id[-4:]
@field_serializer('parent_target_id')
def serialize_parent_target_id(self, parent_target_id: TargetID | None, _info: Any) -> str | None:
return parent_target_id[-4:] if parent_target_id else None
class PageInfo(BaseModel):
"""Comprehensive page size and scroll information"""
# Current viewport dimensions
viewport_width: int
viewport_height: int
# Total page dimensions
page_width: int
page_height: int
# Current scroll position
scroll_x: int
scroll_y: int
# Calculated scroll information
pixels_above: int
pixels_below: int
pixels_left: int
pixels_right: int
# Page statistics are now computed dynamically instead of stored
@dataclass
class NetworkRequest:
"""Information about a pending network request"""
url: str
method: str = 'GET'
loading_duration_ms: float = 0.0 # How long this request has been loading (ms since request started, max 10s)
resource_type: str | None = None # e.g., 'Document', 'Stylesheet', 'Image', 'Script', 'XHR', 'Fetch'
@dataclass
class PaginationButton:
"""Information about a pagination button detected on the page"""
button_type: str # 'next', 'prev', 'first', 'last', 'page_number'
backend_node_id: int # Backend node ID for clicking
text: str # Button text/label
selector: str # XPath or other selector to locate the element
is_disabled: bool = False # Whether the button appears disabled
@dataclass
class BrowserStateSummary:
"""The summary of the browser's current state designed for an LLM to process"""
# provided by SerializedDOMState:
dom_state: SerializedDOMState
url: str
title: str
tabs: list[TabInfo]
screenshot: str | None = field(default=None, repr=False)
page_info: PageInfo | None = None # Enhanced page information
# Keep legacy fields for backward compatibility
pixels_above: int = 0
pixels_below: int = 0
browser_errors: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
is_pdf_viewer: bool = False # Whether the current page is a PDF viewer
recent_events: str | None = None # Text summary of recent browser events
pending_network_requests: list[NetworkRequest] = field(default_factory=list) # Currently loading network requests
pagination_buttons: list[PaginationButton] = field(default_factory=list) # Detected pagination buttons
closed_popup_messages: list[str] = field(default_factory=list) # Messages from auto-closed JavaScript dialogs
@dataclass
class BrowserStateHistory:
"""The summary of the browser's state at a past point in time to usse in LLM message history"""
url: str
title: str
tabs: list[TabInfo]
interacted_element: list[DOMInteractedElement | None] | list[None]
screenshot_path: str | None = None
def get_screenshot(self) -> str | None:
"""Load screenshot from disk and return as base64 string"""
if not self.screenshot_path:
return None
import base64
from pathlib import Path
path_obj = Path(self.screenshot_path)
if not path_obj.exists():
return None
try:
with open(path_obj, 'rb') as f:
screenshot_data = f.read()
return base64.b64encode(screenshot_data).decode('utf-8')
except Exception:
return None
def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
data = {}
data['tabs'] = [tab.model_dump() for tab in self.tabs]
data['screenshot_path'] = self.screenshot_path
data['interacted_element'] = [el.to_dict() if el else None for el in self.interacted_element]
data['url'] = self.url
data['title'] = self.title
return data
class BrowserError(Exception):
"""Browser error with structured memory for LLM context management.
This exception class provides separate memory contexts for browser actions:
- short_term_memory: Immediate context shown once to the LLM for the next action
- long_term_memory: Persistent error information stored across steps
"""
message: str
short_term_memory: str | None = None
long_term_memory: str | None = None
details: dict[str, Any] | None = None
while_handling_event: BaseEvent[Any] | None = None
def __init__(
self,
message: str,
short_term_memory: str | None = None,
long_term_memory: str | None = None,
details: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
event: BaseEvent[Any] | None = None,
):
"""Initialize a BrowserError with structured memory contexts.
Args:
message: Technical error message for logging and debugging
short_term_memory: Context shown once to LLM (e.g., available actions, options)
long_term_memory: Persistent error info stored in agent memory
details: Additional metadata for debugging
event: The browser event that triggered this error
"""
self.message = message
self.short_term_memory = short_term_memory
self.long_term_memory = long_term_memory
self.details = details
self.while_handling_event = event
super().__init__(message)
def __str__(self) -> str:
if self.details:
return f'{self.message} ({self.details}) during: {self.while_handling_event}'
elif self.while_handling_event:
return f'{self.message} (while handling: {self.while_handling_event})'
else:
return self.message
class URLNotAllowedError(BrowserError):
"""Error raised when a URL is not allowed"""

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"""Base watchdog class for browser monitoring components."""
import asyncio
import inspect
import time
from collections.abc import Iterable
from typing import Any, ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent, EventBus
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
from browser_use.browser.session import BrowserSession
class BaseWatchdog(BaseModel):
"""Base class for all browser watchdogs.
Watchdogs monitor browser state and emit events based on changes.
They automatically register event handlers based on method names.
Handler methods should be named: on_EventTypeName(self, event: EventTypeName)
"""
model_config = ConfigDict(
arbitrary_types_allowed=True, # allow non-serializable objects like EventBus/BrowserSession in fields
extra='forbid', # dont allow implicit class/instance state, everything must be a properly typed Field or PrivateAttr
validate_assignment=False, # avoid re-triggering __init__ / validators on values on every assignment
revalidate_instances='never', # avoid re-triggering __init__ / validators and erasing private attrs
)
# Class variables to statically define the list of events relevant to each watchdog
# (not enforced, just to make it easier to understand the code and debug watchdogs at runtime)
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent[Any]]]] = [] # Events this watchdog listens to
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent[Any]]]] = [] # Events this watchdog emits
# Core dependencies
event_bus: EventBus = Field()
browser_session: BrowserSession = Field()
# Shared state that other watchdogs might need to access should not be defined on BrowserSession, not here!
# Shared helper methods needed by other watchdogs should be defined on BrowserSession, not here!
# Alternatively, expose some events on the watchdog to allow access to state/helpers via event_bus system.
# Private state internal to the watchdog can be defined like this on BaseWatchdog subclasses:
# _screenshot_cache: dict[str, bytes] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=dict)
# _browser_crash_watcher_task: asyncio.Task | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
# _cdp_download_tasks: WeakSet[asyncio.Task] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=WeakSet)
# ...
@property
def logger(self):
"""Get the logger from the browser session."""
return self.browser_session.logger
@staticmethod
def attach_handler_to_session(browser_session: 'BrowserSession', event_class: type[BaseEvent[Any]], handler) -> None:
"""Attach a single event handler to a browser session.
Args:
browser_session: The browser session to attach to
event_class: The event class to listen for
handler: The handler method (must start with 'on_' and end with event type)
"""
event_bus = browser_session.event_bus
# Validate handler naming convention
assert hasattr(handler, '__name__'), 'Handler must have a __name__ attribute'
assert handler.__name__.startswith('on_'), f'Handler {handler.__name__} must start with "on_"'
assert handler.__name__.endswith(event_class.__name__), (
f'Handler {handler.__name__} must end with event type {event_class.__name__}'
)
# Get the watchdog instance if this is a bound method
watchdog_instance = getattr(handler, '__self__', None)
watchdog_class_name = watchdog_instance.__class__.__name__ if watchdog_instance else 'Unknown'
# Events that should always run even when CDP is disconnected (lifecycle management)
LIFECYCLE_EVENT_NAMES = frozenset(
{
'BrowserStartEvent',
'BrowserStopEvent',
'BrowserStoppedEvent',
'BrowserLaunchEvent',
'BrowserErrorEvent',
'BrowserKillEvent',
'BrowserReconnectingEvent',
'BrowserReconnectedEvent',
}
)
# Create a wrapper function with unique name to avoid duplicate handler warnings
# Capture handler by value to avoid closure issues
def make_unique_handler(actual_handler):
async def unique_handler(event):
# Circuit breaker: skip handler if CDP WebSocket is dead
# (prevents handlers from hanging on broken connections until timeout)
# Lifecycle events are exempt — they manage browser start/stop
if event.event_type not in LIFECYCLE_EVENT_NAMES and not browser_session.is_cdp_connected:
# If reconnection is in progress, wait for it instead of silently skipping
if browser_session.is_reconnecting:
wait_timeout = browser_session.RECONNECT_WAIT_TIMEOUT
browser_session.logger.debug(
f'🚌 [{watchdog_class_name}.{actual_handler.__name__}] ⏳ Waiting for reconnection ({wait_timeout}s)...'
)
try:
await asyncio.wait_for(browser_session._reconnect_event.wait(), timeout=wait_timeout)
except TimeoutError:
raise ConnectionError(
f'[{watchdog_class_name}.{actual_handler.__name__}] '
f'Reconnection wait timed out after {wait_timeout}s'
)
# After wait: check if reconnection actually succeeded
if not browser_session.is_cdp_connected:
raise ConnectionError(
f'[{watchdog_class_name}.{actual_handler.__name__}] Reconnection failed — CDP still not connected'
)
# Reconnection succeeded — fall through to execute handler normally
else:
# Not reconnecting — intentional stop, backward compat silent skip
browser_session.logger.debug(
f'🚌 [{watchdog_class_name}.{actual_handler.__name__}] ⚡ Skipped — CDP not connected'
)
return None
# just for debug logging, not used for anything else
parent_event = event_bus.event_history.get(event.event_parent_id) if event.event_parent_id else None
grandparent_event = (
event_bus.event_history.get(parent_event.event_parent_id)
if parent_event and parent_event.event_parent_id
else None
)
parent = (
f'↲ triggered by on_{parent_event.event_type}#{parent_event.event_id[-4:]}'
if parent_event
else '👈 by Agent'
)
grandparent = (
(
f'↲ under {grandparent_event.event_type}#{grandparent_event.event_id[-4:]}'
if grandparent_event
else '👈 by Agent'
)
if parent_event
else ''
)
event_str = f'#{event.event_id[-4:]}'
time_start = time.time()
watchdog_and_handler_str = f'[{watchdog_class_name}.{actual_handler.__name__}({event_str})]'.ljust(54)
browser_session.logger.debug(f'🚌 {watchdog_and_handler_str} ⏳ Starting... {parent} {grandparent}')
try:
# **EXECUTE THE EVENT HANDLER FUNCTION**
result = await actual_handler(event)
if isinstance(result, Exception):
raise result
# just for debug logging, not used for anything else
time_end = time.time()
time_elapsed = time_end - time_start
result_summary = '' if result is None else f' ➡️ <{type(result).__name__}>'
parents_summary = f' {parent}'.replace('↲ triggered by ', '⤴ returned to ').replace(
'👈 by Agent', '👉 returned to Agent'
)
browser_session.logger.debug(
f'🚌 {watchdog_and_handler_str} Succeeded ({time_elapsed:.2f}s){result_summary}{parents_summary}'
)
return result
except Exception as e:
time_end = time.time()
time_elapsed = time_end - time_start
original_error = e
browser_session.logger.error(
f'🚌 {watchdog_and_handler_str} ❌ Failed ({time_elapsed:.2f}s): {type(e).__name__}: {e}'
)
# attempt to repair potentially crashed CDP session
try:
if browser_session.agent_focus_target_id:
# With event-driven sessions, Chrome will send detach/attach events
# SessionManager handles pool cleanup automatically
target_id_to_restore = browser_session.agent_focus_target_id
browser_session.logger.debug(
f'🚌 {watchdog_and_handler_str} ⚠️ Session error detected, waiting for CDP events to sync (target: {target_id_to_restore})'
)
# Wait for new attach event to restore the session
# This will raise ValueError if target doesn't re-attach
await browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id=target_id_to_restore, focus=True)
else:
# Try to get any available session
await browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id=None, focus=True)
except Exception as sub_error:
if 'ConnectionClosedError' in str(type(sub_error)) or 'ConnectionError' in str(type(sub_error)):
browser_session.logger.error(
f'🚌 {watchdog_and_handler_str} ❌ Browser closed or CDP Connection disconnected by remote. {type(sub_error).__name__}: {sub_error}\n'
)
raise
else:
browser_session.logger.error(
f'🚌 {watchdog_and_handler_str} ❌ CDP connected but failed to re-create CDP session after error "{type(original_error).__name__}: {original_error}" in {actual_handler.__name__}({event.event_type}#{event.event_id[-4:]}): due to {type(sub_error).__name__}: {sub_error}\n'
)
# Always re-raise the original error with its traceback preserved
raise
return unique_handler
unique_handler = make_unique_handler(handler)
unique_handler.__name__ = f'{watchdog_class_name}.{handler.__name__}'
# Check if this handler is already registered - throw error if duplicate
existing_handlers = event_bus.handlers.get(event_class.__name__, [])
handler_names = [getattr(h, '__name__', str(h)) for h in existing_handlers]
if unique_handler.__name__ in handler_names:
raise RuntimeError(
f'[{watchdog_class_name}] Duplicate handler registration attempted! '
f'Handler {unique_handler.__name__} is already registered for {event_class.__name__}. '
f'This likely means attach_to_session() was called multiple times.'
)
event_bus.on(event_class, unique_handler)
@staticmethod
def detach_handler_from_session(browser_session: 'BrowserSession', event_class: type[BaseEvent[Any]], handler) -> None:
"""Detach a single event handler from a browser session."""
event_bus = browser_session.event_bus
# Get the watchdog instance if this is a bound method
watchdog_instance = getattr(handler, '__self__', None)
watchdog_class_name = watchdog_instance.__class__.__name__ if watchdog_instance else 'Unknown'
# Find and remove the handler by its unique name pattern
unique_handler_name = f'{watchdog_class_name}.{handler.__name__}'
existing_handlers = event_bus.handlers.get(event_class.__name__, [])
for existing_handler in existing_handlers[:]: # copy list to allow modification during iteration
if getattr(existing_handler, '__name__', '') == unique_handler_name:
existing_handlers.remove(existing_handler)
break
def attach_to_session(self) -> None:
"""Attach watchdog to its browser session and start monitoring.
This method handles event listener registration. The watchdog is already
bound to a browser session via self.browser_session from initialization.
"""
# Register event handlers automatically based on method names
assert self.browser_session is not None, 'Root CDP client not initialized - browser may not be connected yet'
from browser_use.browser import events
event_classes = {}
for name in dir(events):
obj = getattr(events, name)
if inspect.isclass(obj) and issubclass(obj, BaseEvent) and obj is not BaseEvent:
event_classes[name] = obj
# Find all handler methods (on_EventName)
registered_events = set()
for method_name in dir(self):
if method_name.startswith('on_') and callable(getattr(self, method_name)):
# Extract event name from method name (on_EventName -> EventName)
event_name = method_name[3:] # Remove 'on_' prefix
if event_name in event_classes:
event_class = event_classes[event_name]
# ASSERTION: If LISTENS_TO is defined, enforce it
if self.LISTENS_TO:
assert event_class in self.LISTENS_TO, (
f'[{self.__class__.__name__}] Handler {method_name} listens to {event_name} '
f'but {event_name} is not declared in LISTENS_TO: {[e.__name__ for e in self.LISTENS_TO]}'
)
handler = getattr(self, method_name)
# Use the static helper to attach the handler
self.attach_handler_to_session(self.browser_session, event_class, handler)
registered_events.add(event_class)
# ASSERTION: If LISTENS_TO is defined, ensure all declared events have handlers
if self.LISTENS_TO:
missing_handlers = set(self.LISTENS_TO) - registered_events
if missing_handlers:
missing_names = [e.__name__ for e in missing_handlers]
self.logger.warning(
f'[{self.__class__.__name__}] LISTENS_TO declares {missing_names} '
f'but no handlers found (missing on_{"_, on_".join(missing_names)} methods)'
)
def __del__(self) -> None:
"""Clean up any running tasks during garbage collection."""
# A BIT OF MAGIC: Cancel any private attributes that look like asyncio tasks
try:
for attr_name in dir(self):
# e.g. _browser_crash_watcher_task = asyncio.Task
if attr_name.startswith('_') and attr_name.endswith('_task'):
try:
task = getattr(self, attr_name)
if hasattr(task, 'cancel') and callable(task.cancel) and not task.done():
task.cancel()
# self.logger.debug(f'[{self.__class__.__name__}] Cancelled {attr_name} during cleanup')
except Exception:
pass # Ignore errors during cleanup
# e.g. _cdp_download_tasks = WeakSet[asyncio.Task] or list[asyncio.Task]
if attr_name.startswith('_') and attr_name.endswith('_tasks') and isinstance(getattr(self, attr_name), Iterable):
for task in getattr(self, attr_name):
try:
if hasattr(task, 'cancel') and callable(task.cancel) and not task.done():
task.cancel()
# self.logger.debug(f'[{self.__class__.__name__}] Cancelled {attr_name} during cleanup')
except Exception:
pass # Ignore errors during cleanup
except Exception as e:
from browser_use.utils import logger
logger.error(f'⚠️ Error during BrowserSession {self.__class__.__name__} garbage collection __del__(): {type(e)}: {e}')

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"""About:blank watchdog for managing about:blank tabs with DVD screensaver."""
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.target import TargetID
from pydantic import PrivateAttr
from browser_use.browser.events import (
AboutBlankDVDScreensaverShownEvent,
BrowserStopEvent,
BrowserStoppedEvent,
CloseTabEvent,
NavigateToUrlEvent,
TabClosedEvent,
TabCreatedEvent,
)
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
if TYPE_CHECKING:
pass
class AboutBlankWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Ensures there's always exactly one about:blank tab with DVD screensaver."""
# Event contracts
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
BrowserStopEvent,
BrowserStoppedEvent,
TabCreatedEvent,
TabClosedEvent,
]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
NavigateToUrlEvent,
CloseTabEvent,
AboutBlankDVDScreensaverShownEvent,
]
_stopping: bool = PrivateAttr(default=False)
async def on_BrowserStopEvent(self, event: BrowserStopEvent) -> None:
"""Handle browser stop request - stop creating new tabs."""
# logger.info('[AboutBlankWatchdog] Browser stop requested, stopping tab creation')
self._stopping = True
async def on_BrowserStoppedEvent(self, event: BrowserStoppedEvent) -> None:
"""Handle browser stopped event."""
# logger.info('[AboutBlankWatchdog] Browser stopped')
self._stopping = True
async def on_TabCreatedEvent(self, event: TabCreatedEvent) -> None:
"""Check tabs when a new tab is created."""
# logger.debug(f'[AboutBlankWatchdog] New tab created: {event.url}')
# If an about:blank tab was created, show DVD screensaver on all about:blank tabs
if event.url == 'about:blank':
await self._show_dvd_screensaver_on_about_blank_tabs()
async def on_TabClosedEvent(self, event: TabClosedEvent) -> None:
"""Check tabs when a tab is closed and proactively create about:blank if needed."""
# Don't create new tabs if browser is shutting down
if self._stopping:
return
# Don't attempt CDP operations if the WebSocket is dead — dispatching
# NavigateToUrlEvent on a broken connection will hang until timeout
if not self.browser_session.is_cdp_connected:
self.logger.debug('[AboutBlankWatchdog] CDP not connected, skipping tab recovery')
return
# Check if we're about to close the last tab (event happens BEFORE tab closes)
# Use _cdp_get_all_pages for quick check without fetching titles
page_targets = await self.browser_session._cdp_get_all_pages()
if len(page_targets) < 1:
self.logger.debug(
'[AboutBlankWatchdog] Last tab closing, creating new about:blank tab to avoid closing entire browser'
)
# Create the animation tab since no tabs should remain
navigate_event = self.event_bus.dispatch(NavigateToUrlEvent(url='about:blank', new_tab=True))
await navigate_event
# Show DVD screensaver on the new tab
await self._show_dvd_screensaver_on_about_blank_tabs()
else:
# Multiple tabs exist, check after close
await self._check_and_ensure_about_blank_tab()
async def attach_to_target(self, target_id: TargetID) -> None:
"""AboutBlankWatchdog doesn't monitor individual targets."""
pass
async def _check_and_ensure_about_blank_tab(self) -> None:
"""Check current tabs and ensure exactly one about:blank tab with animation exists."""
try:
if not self.browser_session.is_cdp_connected:
return
# For quick checks, just get page targets without titles to reduce noise
page_targets = await self.browser_session._cdp_get_all_pages()
# If no tabs exist at all, create one to keep browser alive
if len(page_targets) == 0:
# Only create a new tab if there are no tabs at all
self.logger.debug('[AboutBlankWatchdog] No tabs exist, creating new about:blank DVD screensaver tab')
navigate_event = self.event_bus.dispatch(NavigateToUrlEvent(url='about:blank', new_tab=True))
await navigate_event
# Show DVD screensaver on the new tab
await self._show_dvd_screensaver_on_about_blank_tabs()
# Otherwise there are tabs, don't create new ones to avoid interfering
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[AboutBlankWatchdog] Error ensuring about:blank tab: {e}')
async def _show_dvd_screensaver_on_about_blank_tabs(self) -> None:
"""Show DVD screensaver on all about:blank pages only."""
try:
# Get just the page targets without expensive title fetching
page_targets = await self.browser_session._cdp_get_all_pages()
browser_session_label = str(self.browser_session.id)[-4:]
for page_target in page_targets:
target_id = page_target['targetId']
url = page_target['url']
# Only target about:blank pages specifically
if url == 'about:blank':
await self._show_dvd_screensaver_loading_animation_cdp(target_id, browser_session_label)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[AboutBlankWatchdog] Error showing DVD screensaver: {e}')
async def _show_dvd_screensaver_loading_animation_cdp(self, target_id: TargetID, browser_session_label: str) -> None:
"""
Injects a DVD screensaver-style bouncing logo loading animation overlay into the target using CDP.
This is used to visually indicate that the browser is setting up or waiting.
"""
try:
# Create temporary session for this target without switching focus
temp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id, focus=False)
# Inject the DVD screensaver script (from main branch with idempotency added)
script = f"""
(function(browser_session_label) {{
// Idempotency check
if (window.__dvdAnimationRunning) {{
return; // Already running, don't add another
}}
window.__dvdAnimationRunning = true;
// Ensure document.body exists before proceeding
if (!document.body) {{
// Try again after DOM is ready
window.__dvdAnimationRunning = false; // Reset flag to retry
if (document.readyState === 'loading') {{
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => arguments.callee(browser_session_label));
}}
return;
}}
const animated_title = `Starting agent ${{browser_session_label}}...`;
if (document.title === animated_title) {{
return; // already run on this tab, dont run again
}}
document.title = animated_title;
// Create the main overlay
const loadingOverlay = document.createElement('div');
loadingOverlay.id = 'pretty-loading-animation';
loadingOverlay.style.position = 'fixed';
loadingOverlay.style.top = '0';
loadingOverlay.style.left = '0';
loadingOverlay.style.width = '100vw';
loadingOverlay.style.height = '100vh';
loadingOverlay.style.background = '#000';
loadingOverlay.style.zIndex = '99999';
loadingOverlay.style.overflow = 'hidden';
// Create the image element
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = 'https://cf.browser-use.com/logo.svg';
img.alt = 'Browser-Use';
img.style.width = '200px';
img.style.height = 'auto';
img.style.position = 'absolute';
img.style.left = '0px';
img.style.top = '0px';
img.style.zIndex = '2';
img.style.opacity = '0.8';
loadingOverlay.appendChild(img);
document.body.appendChild(loadingOverlay);
// DVD screensaver bounce logic
let x = Math.random() * (window.innerWidth - 300);
let y = Math.random() * (window.innerHeight - 300);
let dx = 1.2 + Math.random() * 0.4; // px per frame
let dy = 1.2 + Math.random() * 0.4;
// Randomize direction
if (Math.random() > 0.5) dx = -dx;
if (Math.random() > 0.5) dy = -dy;
function animate() {{
const imgWidth = img.offsetWidth || 300;
const imgHeight = img.offsetHeight || 300;
x += dx;
y += dy;
if (x <= 0) {{
x = 0;
dx = Math.abs(dx);
}} else if (x + imgWidth >= window.innerWidth) {{
x = window.innerWidth - imgWidth;
dx = -Math.abs(dx);
}}
if (y <= 0) {{
y = 0;
dy = Math.abs(dy);
}} else if (y + imgHeight >= window.innerHeight) {{
y = window.innerHeight - imgHeight;
dy = -Math.abs(dy);
}}
img.style.left = `${{x}}px`;
img.style.top = `${{y}}px`;
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}}
animate();
// Responsive: update bounds on resize
window.addEventListener('resize', () => {{
x = Math.min(x, window.innerWidth - img.offsetWidth);
y = Math.min(y, window.innerHeight - img.offsetHeight);
}});
// Add a little CSS for smoothness
const style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = `
#pretty-loading-animation {{
/*backdrop-filter: blur(2px) brightness(0.9);*/
}}
#pretty-loading-animation img {{
user-select: none;
pointer-events: none;
}}
`;
document.head.appendChild(style);
}})('{browser_session_label}');
"""
await temp_session.cdp_client.send.Runtime.evaluate(params={'expression': script}, session_id=temp_session.session_id)
# No need to detach - session is cached
# Dispatch event
self.event_bus.dispatch(AboutBlankDVDScreensaverShownEvent(target_id=target_id))
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[AboutBlankWatchdog] Error injecting DVD screensaver: {e}')

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"""Captcha solver watchdog — monitors captcha events from the browser proxy.
Listens for BrowserUse.captchaSolverStarted/Finished CDP events and exposes a
wait_if_captcha_solving() method that the agent step loop uses to block until
a captcha is resolved (with a configurable timeout).
NOTE: Only a single captcha solve is tracked at a time. If multiple captchas
overlap (e.g. rapid successive navigations), only the latest one is tracked and
earlier in-flight waits may return prematurely.
"""
import asyncio
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, ClassVar, Literal
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.browseruse.events import CaptchaSolverFinishedEvent as CDPCaptchaSolverFinishedEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.browseruse.events import CaptchaSolverStartedEvent as CDPCaptchaSolverStartedEvent
from pydantic import PrivateAttr
from browser_use.browser.events import (
BrowserConnectedEvent,
BrowserStoppedEvent,
CaptchaSolverFinishedEvent,
CaptchaSolverStartedEvent,
_get_timeout,
)
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
CaptchaResultType = Literal['success', 'failed', 'timeout', 'unknown']
@dataclass
class CaptchaWaitResult:
"""Result returned by wait_if_captcha_solving() when the agent had to wait."""
waited: bool
vendor: str
url: str
duration_ms: int
result: CaptchaResultType
class CaptchaWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Monitors captcha solver events from the browser proxy.
When the proxy detects a CAPTCHA and starts solving it, a CDP event
``BrowserUse.captchaSolverStarted`` is sent over the WebSocket. This
watchdog catches that event and blocks the agent's step loop (via
``wait_if_captcha_solving``) until ``BrowserUse.captchaSolverFinished``
arrives or the configurable timeout expires.
"""
# Event contracts
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
BrowserConnectedEvent,
BrowserStoppedEvent,
]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
CaptchaSolverStartedEvent,
CaptchaSolverFinishedEvent,
]
# --- private state ---
_captcha_solving: bool = PrivateAttr(default=False)
_captcha_solved_event: asyncio.Event = PrivateAttr(default_factory=asyncio.Event)
_captcha_info: dict[str, Any] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=dict)
_captcha_result: CaptchaResultType = PrivateAttr(default='unknown')
_captcha_duration_ms: int = PrivateAttr(default=0)
_cdp_handlers_registered: bool = PrivateAttr(default=False)
def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
# Start in "not blocked" state so callers never wait when there is no captcha.
self._captcha_solved_event.set()
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# Event handlers
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
async def on_BrowserConnectedEvent(self, event: BrowserConnectedEvent) -> None:
"""Register CDP event handlers for BrowserUse captcha solver events."""
if self._cdp_handlers_registered:
self.logger.debug('CaptchaWatchdog: CDP handlers already registered, skipping')
return
cdp_client = self.browser_session.cdp_client
def _on_captcha_started(event_data: CDPCaptchaSolverStartedEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
try:
self._captcha_solving = True
self._captcha_result = 'unknown'
self._captcha_duration_ms = 0
self._captcha_info = {
'vendor': event_data.get('vendor', 'unknown'),
'url': event_data.get('url', ''),
'targetId': event_data.get('targetId', ''),
'startedAt': event_data.get('startedAt', 0),
}
# Block any waiter
self._captcha_solved_event.clear()
vendor = self._captcha_info['vendor']
url = self._captcha_info['url']
self.logger.info(f'🔒 Captcha solving started: {vendor} on {url}')
self.event_bus.dispatch(
CaptchaSolverStartedEvent(
target_id=event_data.get('targetId', ''),
vendor=vendor,
url=url,
started_at=event_data.get('startedAt', 0),
)
)
except Exception:
self.logger.exception('Error handling captchaSolverStarted CDP event')
# Ensure consistent state: unblock any waiter
self._captcha_solving = False
self._captcha_solved_event.set()
def _on_captcha_finished(event_data: CDPCaptchaSolverFinishedEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
try:
success = event_data.get('success', False)
self._captcha_solving = False
self._captcha_duration_ms = event_data.get('durationMs', 0)
self._captcha_result = 'success' if success else 'failed'
vendor = event_data.get('vendor', self._captcha_info.get('vendor', 'unknown'))
url = event_data.get('url', self._captcha_info.get('url', ''))
duration_s = self._captcha_duration_ms / 1000
self.logger.info(f'🔓 Captcha solving finished: {self._captcha_result}{vendor} on {url} ({duration_s:.1f}s)')
# Unblock any waiter
self._captcha_solved_event.set()
self.event_bus.dispatch(
CaptchaSolverFinishedEvent(
target_id=event_data.get('targetId', ''),
vendor=vendor,
url=url,
duration_ms=self._captcha_duration_ms,
finished_at=event_data.get('finishedAt', 0),
success=success,
)
)
except Exception:
self.logger.exception('Error handling captchaSolverFinished CDP event')
# Ensure consistent state: unblock any waiter
self._captcha_solving = False
self._captcha_solved_event.set()
cdp_client.register.BrowserUse.captchaSolverStarted(_on_captcha_started)
cdp_client.register.BrowserUse.captchaSolverFinished(_on_captcha_finished)
self._cdp_handlers_registered = True
self.logger.debug('🔒 CaptchaWatchdog: registered CDP event handlers for BrowserUse captcha events')
async def on_BrowserStoppedEvent(self, event: BrowserStoppedEvent) -> None:
"""Clear captcha state when the browser disconnects so nothing hangs."""
self._captcha_solving = False
self._captcha_result = 'unknown'
self._captcha_duration_ms = 0
self._captcha_info = {}
self._captcha_solved_event.set()
self._cdp_handlers_registered = False
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# Public API
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
async def wait_if_captcha_solving(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> CaptchaWaitResult | None:
"""Wait if a captcha is currently being solved.
Returns:
``None`` if no captcha was in progress.
A ``CaptchaWaitResult`` with the outcome otherwise.
"""
if not self._captcha_solving:
return None
if timeout is None:
timeout = _get_timeout('TIMEOUT_CaptchaSolverWait', 120.0)
assert timeout is not None
vendor = self._captcha_info.get('vendor', 'unknown')
url = self._captcha_info.get('url', '')
self.logger.info(f'⏳ Waiting for {vendor} captcha to be solved on {url} (timeout={timeout}s)...')
try:
await asyncio.wait_for(self._captcha_solved_event.wait(), timeout=timeout)
return CaptchaWaitResult(
waited=True,
vendor=vendor,
url=url,
duration_ms=self._captcha_duration_ms,
result=self._captcha_result,
)
except TimeoutError:
# Timed out — unblock and report
self._captcha_solving = False
self._captcha_solved_event.set()
self.logger.warning(f'⏰ Captcha wait timed out after {timeout}s for {vendor} on {url}')
return CaptchaWaitResult(
waited=True,
vendor=vendor,
url=url,
duration_ms=int(timeout * 1000),
result='timeout',
)

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"""Browser watchdog for monitoring crashes and network timeouts using CDP."""
import asyncio
import time
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar
import psutil
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.target import SessionID, TargetID
from cdp_use.cdp.target.events import TargetCrashedEvent
from pydantic import Field, PrivateAttr
from browser_use.browser.events import (
BrowserConnectedEvent,
BrowserErrorEvent,
BrowserStoppedEvent,
TabClosedEvent,
TabCreatedEvent,
)
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
from browser_use.utils import create_task_with_error_handling
if TYPE_CHECKING:
pass
class NetworkRequestTracker:
"""Tracks ongoing network requests."""
def __init__(self, request_id: str, start_time: float, url: str, method: str, resource_type: str | None = None):
self.request_id = request_id
self.start_time = start_time
self.url = url
self.method = method
self.resource_type = resource_type
class CrashWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Monitors browser health for crashes and network timeouts using CDP."""
# Event contracts
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
BrowserConnectedEvent,
BrowserStoppedEvent,
TabCreatedEvent,
TabClosedEvent,
]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [BrowserErrorEvent]
# Configuration
network_timeout_seconds: float = Field(default=10.0)
check_interval_seconds: float = Field(default=5.0) # Reduced frequency to reduce noise
# Private state
_active_requests: dict[str, NetworkRequestTracker] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=dict)
_monitoring_task: asyncio.Task | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
_last_responsive_checks: dict[str, float] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=dict) # target_url -> timestamp
_cdp_event_tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=set) # Track CDP event handler tasks
_targets_with_listeners: set[str] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=set) # Track targets that already have event listeners
async def on_BrowserConnectedEvent(self, event: BrowserConnectedEvent) -> None:
"""Start monitoring when browser is connected."""
# logger.debug('[CrashWatchdog] Browser connected event received, beginning monitoring')
create_task_with_error_handling(
self._start_monitoring(), name='start_crash_monitoring', logger_instance=self.logger, suppress_exceptions=True
)
# logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Monitoring task started: {self._monitoring_task and not self._monitoring_task.done()}')
async def on_BrowserStoppedEvent(self, event: BrowserStoppedEvent) -> None:
"""Stop monitoring when browser stops."""
# logger.debug('[CrashWatchdog] Browser stopped, ending monitoring')
await self._stop_monitoring()
async def on_TabCreatedEvent(self, event: TabCreatedEvent) -> None:
"""Attach to new tab."""
assert self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id is not None, 'No current target ID'
await self.attach_to_target(self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id)
async def on_TabClosedEvent(self, event: TabClosedEvent) -> None:
"""Clean up tracking when tab closes."""
# Remove target from listener tracking to prevent memory leak
if event.target_id in self._targets_with_listeners:
self._targets_with_listeners.discard(event.target_id)
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Removed target {event.target_id[:8]}... from monitoring')
async def attach_to_target(self, target_id: TargetID) -> None:
"""Set up crash monitoring for a specific target using CDP."""
try:
# Check if we already have listeners for this target
if target_id in self._targets_with_listeners:
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Event listeners already exist for target: {target_id[:8]}...')
return
# Create temporary session for monitoring without switching focus
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id, focus=False)
# Register crash event handler
def on_target_crashed(event: TargetCrashedEvent, session_id: SessionID | None = None):
# Create and track the task
task = create_task_with_error_handling(
self._on_target_crash_cdp(target_id),
name='handle_target_crash',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=True,
)
self._cdp_event_tasks.add(task)
# Remove from set when done
task.add_done_callback(lambda t: self._cdp_event_tasks.discard(t))
cdp_session.cdp_client.register.Target.targetCrashed(on_target_crashed)
# Track that we've added listeners to this target
self._targets_with_listeners.add(target_id)
target = self.browser_session.session_manager.get_target(target_id)
if target:
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Added target to monitoring: {target.url}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'[CrashWatchdog] Failed to attach to target {target_id}: {e}')
async def _on_request_cdp(self, event: dict) -> None:
"""Track new network request from CDP event."""
request_id = event.get('requestId', '')
request = event.get('request', {})
self._active_requests[request_id] = NetworkRequestTracker(
request_id=request_id,
start_time=time.time(),
url=request.get('url', ''),
method=request.get('method', ''),
resource_type=event.get('type'),
)
# logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Tracking request: {request.get("method", "")} {request.get("url", "")[:50]}...')
def _on_response_cdp(self, event: dict) -> None:
"""Remove request from tracking on response."""
request_id = event.get('requestId', '')
if request_id in self._active_requests:
elapsed = time.time() - self._active_requests[request_id].start_time
response = event.get('response', {})
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Request completed in {elapsed:.2f}s: {response.get("url", "")[:50]}...')
# Don't remove yet - wait for loadingFinished
def _on_request_failed_cdp(self, event: dict) -> None:
"""Remove request from tracking on failure."""
request_id = event.get('requestId', '')
if request_id in self._active_requests:
elapsed = time.time() - self._active_requests[request_id].start_time
self.logger.debug(
f'[CrashWatchdog] Request failed after {elapsed:.2f}s: {self._active_requests[request_id].url[:50]}...'
)
del self._active_requests[request_id]
def _on_request_finished_cdp(self, event: dict) -> None:
"""Remove request from tracking when loading is finished."""
request_id = event.get('requestId', '')
self._active_requests.pop(request_id, None)
async def _on_target_crash_cdp(self, target_id: TargetID) -> None:
"""Handle target crash detected via CDP."""
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Target crashed: {target_id[:8]}..., waiting for detach event')
target = self.browser_session.session_manager.get_target(target_id)
is_agent_focus = (
target
and self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id
and target.target_id == self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id
)
if is_agent_focus:
self.logger.error(f'[CrashWatchdog] 💥 Agent focus tab crashed: {target.url} (SessionManager will auto-recover)')
# Emit browser error event
self.event_bus.dispatch(
BrowserErrorEvent(
error_type='TargetCrash',
message=f'Target crashed: {target_id}',
details={
'url': target.url if target else None,
'target_id': target_id,
'was_agent_focus': is_agent_focus,
},
)
)
async def _start_monitoring(self) -> None:
"""Start the monitoring loop."""
assert self.browser_session.cdp_client is not None, 'Root CDP client not initialized - browser may not be connected yet'
if self._monitoring_task and not self._monitoring_task.done():
# logger.info('[CrashWatchdog] Monitoring already running')
return
self._monitoring_task = create_task_with_error_handling(
self._monitoring_loop(), name='crash_monitoring_loop', logger_instance=self.logger, suppress_exceptions=True
)
# logger.debug('[CrashWatchdog] Monitoring loop created and started')
async def _stop_monitoring(self) -> None:
"""Stop the monitoring loop and clean up all tracking."""
if self._monitoring_task and not self._monitoring_task.done():
self._monitoring_task.cancel()
try:
await self._monitoring_task
except asyncio.CancelledError:
pass
self.logger.debug('[CrashWatchdog] Monitoring loop stopped')
# Cancel all CDP event handler tasks
for task in list(self._cdp_event_tasks):
if not task.done():
task.cancel()
# Wait for all tasks to complete cancellation
if self._cdp_event_tasks:
await asyncio.gather(*self._cdp_event_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
self._cdp_event_tasks.clear()
# Clear all tracking
self._active_requests.clear()
self._targets_with_listeners.clear()
self._last_responsive_checks.clear()
async def _monitoring_loop(self) -> None:
"""Main monitoring loop."""
await asyncio.sleep(10) # give browser time to start up and load the first page after first LLM call
while True:
try:
await self._check_network_timeouts()
await self._check_browser_health()
await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval_seconds)
except asyncio.CancelledError:
break
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[CrashWatchdog] Error in monitoring loop: {e}')
async def _check_network_timeouts(self) -> None:
"""Check for network requests exceeding timeout."""
current_time = time.time()
timed_out_requests = []
# Debug logging
if self._active_requests:
self.logger.debug(
f'[CrashWatchdog] Checking {len(self._active_requests)} active requests for timeouts (threshold: {self.network_timeout_seconds}s)'
)
for request_id, tracker in self._active_requests.items():
elapsed = current_time - tracker.start_time
self.logger.debug(
f'[CrashWatchdog] Request {tracker.url[:30]}... elapsed: {elapsed:.1f}s, timeout: {self.network_timeout_seconds}s'
)
if elapsed >= self.network_timeout_seconds:
timed_out_requests.append((request_id, tracker))
# Emit events for timed out requests
for request_id, tracker in timed_out_requests:
self.logger.warning(
f'[CrashWatchdog] Network request timeout after {self.network_timeout_seconds}s: '
f'{tracker.method} {tracker.url[:100]}...'
)
self.event_bus.dispatch(
BrowserErrorEvent(
error_type='NetworkTimeout',
message=f'Network request timed out after {self.network_timeout_seconds}s',
details={
'url': tracker.url,
'method': tracker.method,
'resource_type': tracker.resource_type,
'elapsed_seconds': current_time - tracker.start_time,
},
)
)
# Remove from tracking
del self._active_requests[request_id]
async def _check_browser_health(self) -> None:
"""Check if browser and targets are still responsive."""
try:
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Checking browser health for target {self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id}')
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session()
for target in self.browser_session.session_manager.get_all_page_targets():
if self._is_new_tab_page(target.url) and target.url != 'about:blank':
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Redirecting chrome://new-tab-page/ to about:blank {target.url}')
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id=target.target_id)
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.navigate(
params={'url': 'about:blank'}, session_id=cdp_session.session_id
)
# Quick ping to check if session is alive
self.logger.debug(f'[CrashWatchdog] Attempting to run simple JS test expression in session {cdp_session} 1+1')
await asyncio.wait_for(
cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Runtime.evaluate(params={'expression': '1+1'}, session_id=cdp_session.session_id),
timeout=1.0,
)
self.logger.debug(
f'[CrashWatchdog] Browser health check passed for target {self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id}'
)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(
f'[CrashWatchdog] ❌ Crashed/unresponsive session detected for target {self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id} '
f'error: {type(e).__name__}: {e} (Chrome will send detach event, SessionManager will auto-recover)'
)
# Check browser process if we have PID
if self.browser_session._local_browser_watchdog and (proc := self.browser_session._local_browser_watchdog._subprocess):
try:
if proc.status() in (psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE, psutil.STATUS_DEAD):
self.logger.error(f'[CrashWatchdog] Browser process {proc.pid} has crashed')
# Browser process crashed - SessionManager will clean up via detach events
# Just dispatch error event and stop monitoring
self.event_bus.dispatch(
BrowserErrorEvent(
error_type='BrowserProcessCrashed',
message=f'Browser process {proc.pid} has crashed',
details={'pid': proc.pid, 'status': proc.status()},
)
)
self.logger.warning('[CrashWatchdog] Browser process dead - stopping health monitoring')
await self._stop_monitoring()
return
except Exception:
pass # psutil not available or process doesn't exist
@staticmethod
def _is_new_tab_page(url: str) -> bool:
"""Check if URL is a new tab page."""
return url in ['about:blank', 'chrome://new-tab-page/', 'chrome://newtab/']

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"""DOM watchdog for browser DOM tree management using CDP."""
import asyncio
import time
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from browser_use.browser.events import (
BrowserErrorEvent,
BrowserStateRequestEvent,
ScreenshotEvent,
TabCreatedEvent,
)
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
from browser_use.dom.service import DomService
from browser_use.dom.views import (
EnhancedDOMTreeNode,
SerializedDOMState,
)
from browser_use.observability import observe_debug
from browser_use.utils import create_task_with_error_handling, time_execution_async
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from browser_use.browser.views import BrowserStateSummary, NetworkRequest, PageInfo, PaginationButton
class DOMWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Handles DOM tree building, serialization, and element access via CDP.
This watchdog acts as a bridge between the event-driven browser session
and the DomService implementation, maintaining cached state and providing
helper methods for other watchdogs.
"""
LISTENS_TO = [TabCreatedEvent, BrowserStateRequestEvent]
EMITS = [BrowserErrorEvent]
# Public properties for other watchdogs
selector_map: dict[int, EnhancedDOMTreeNode] | None = None
current_dom_state: SerializedDOMState | None = None
enhanced_dom_tree: EnhancedDOMTreeNode | None = None
# Internal DOM service
_dom_service: DomService | None = None
# Network tracking - maps request_id to (url, start_time, method, resource_type)
_pending_requests: dict[str, tuple[str, float, str, str | None]] = {}
async def on_TabCreatedEvent(self, event: TabCreatedEvent) -> None:
# self.logger.debug('Setting up init scripts in browser')
return None
def _get_recent_events_str(self, limit: int = 10) -> str | None:
"""Get the most recent events from the event bus as JSON.
Args:
limit: Maximum number of recent events to include
Returns:
JSON string of recent events or None if not available
"""
import json
try:
# Get all events from history, sorted by creation time (most recent first)
all_events = sorted(
self.browser_session.event_bus.event_history.values(), key=lambda e: e.event_created_at.timestamp(), reverse=True
)
# Take the most recent events and create JSON-serializable data
recent_events_data = []
for event in all_events[:limit]:
event_data = {
'event_type': event.event_type,
'timestamp': event.event_created_at.isoformat(),
}
# Add specific fields for certain event types
if hasattr(event, 'url'):
event_data['url'] = getattr(event, 'url')
if hasattr(event, 'error_message'):
event_data['error_message'] = getattr(event, 'error_message')
if hasattr(event, 'target_id'):
event_data['target_id'] = getattr(event, 'target_id')
recent_events_data.append(event_data)
return json.dumps(recent_events_data) # Return empty array if no events
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to get recent events: {e}')
return json.dumps([]) # Return empty JSON array on error
async def _get_pending_network_requests(self) -> list['NetworkRequest']:
"""Get list of currently pending network requests.
Uses document.readyState and performance API to detect pending requests.
Filters out ads, tracking, and other noise.
Returns:
List of NetworkRequest objects representing currently loading resources
"""
from browser_use.browser.views import NetworkRequest
try:
# get_or_create_cdp_session() now handles focus validation automatically
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(focus=True)
# Use performance API to get pending requests
js_code = """
(function() {
const now = performance.now();
const resources = performance.getEntriesByType('resource');
const pending = [];
// Check document readyState
const docLoading = document.readyState !== 'complete';
// Common ad/tracking domains and patterns to filter out
const adDomains = [
// Standard ad/tracking networks
'doubleclick.net', 'googlesyndication.com', 'googletagmanager.com',
'facebook.net', 'analytics', 'ads', 'tracking', 'pixel',
'hotjar.com', 'clarity.ms', 'mixpanel.com', 'segment.com',
// Analytics platforms
'demdex.net', 'omtrdc.net', 'adobedtm.com', 'ensighten.com',
'newrelic.com', 'nr-data.net', 'google-analytics.com',
// Social media trackers
'connect.facebook.net', 'platform.twitter.com', 'platform.linkedin.com',
// CDN/image hosts (usually not critical for functionality)
'.cloudfront.net/image/', '.akamaized.net/image/',
// Common tracking paths
'/tracker/', '/collector/', '/beacon/', '/telemetry/', '/log/',
'/events/', '/eventBatch', '/track.', '/metrics/'
];
// Get resources that are still loading (responseEnd is 0)
let totalResourcesChecked = 0;
let filteredByResponseEnd = 0;
const allDomains = new Set();
for (const entry of resources) {
totalResourcesChecked++;
// Track all domains from recent resources (for logging)
try {
const hostname = new URL(entry.name).hostname;
if (hostname) allDomains.add(hostname);
} catch (e) {}
if (entry.responseEnd === 0) {
filteredByResponseEnd++;
const url = entry.name;
// Filter out ads and tracking
const isAd = adDomains.some(domain => url.includes(domain));
if (isAd) continue;
// Filter out data: URLs and very long URLs (often inline resources)
if (url.startsWith('data:') || url.length > 500) continue;
const loadingDuration = now - entry.startTime;
// Skip requests that have been loading for >10 seconds (likely stuck/polling)
if (loadingDuration > 10000) continue;
const resourceType = entry.initiatorType || 'unknown';
// Filter out non-critical resources (images, fonts, icons) if loading >3 seconds
const nonCriticalTypes = ['img', 'image', 'icon', 'font'];
if (nonCriticalTypes.includes(resourceType) && loadingDuration > 3000) continue;
// Filter out image URLs even if type is unknown
const isImageUrl = /\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|webp|svg|ico)(\\?|$)/i.test(url);
if (isImageUrl && loadingDuration > 3000) continue;
pending.push({
url: url,
method: 'GET',
loading_duration_ms: Math.round(loadingDuration),
resource_type: resourceType
});
}
}
return {
pending_requests: pending,
document_loading: docLoading,
document_ready_state: document.readyState,
debug: {
total_resources: totalResourcesChecked,
with_response_end_zero: filteredByResponseEnd,
after_all_filters: pending.length,
all_domains: Array.from(allDomains)
}
};
})()
"""
result = await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Runtime.evaluate(
params={'expression': js_code, 'returnByValue': True}, session_id=cdp_session.session_id
)
if result.get('result', {}).get('type') == 'object':
data = result['result'].get('value', {})
pending = data.get('pending_requests', [])
doc_state = data.get('document_ready_state', 'unknown')
doc_loading = data.get('document_loading', False)
debug_info = data.get('debug', {})
# Get all domains that had recent activity (from JS)
all_domains = debug_info.get('all_domains', [])
all_domains_str = ', '.join(sorted(all_domains)[:5]) if all_domains else 'none'
if len(all_domains) > 5:
all_domains_str += f' +{len(all_domains) - 5} more'
# Debug logging
self.logger.debug(
f'🔍 Network check: document.readyState={doc_state}, loading={doc_loading}, '
f'total_resources={debug_info.get("total_resources", 0)}, '
f'responseEnd=0: {debug_info.get("with_response_end_zero", 0)}, '
f'after_filters={len(pending)}, domains=[{all_domains_str}]'
)
# Convert to NetworkRequest objects
network_requests = []
for req in pending[:20]: # Limit to 20 to avoid overwhelming the context
network_requests.append(
NetworkRequest(
url=req['url'],
method=req.get('method', 'GET'),
loading_duration_ms=req.get('loading_duration_ms', 0.0),
resource_type=req.get('resource_type'),
)
)
return network_requests
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to get pending network requests: {e}')
return []
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='browser_state_request_event')
async def on_BrowserStateRequestEvent(self, event: BrowserStateRequestEvent) -> 'BrowserStateSummary':
"""Handle browser state request by coordinating DOM building and screenshot capture.
This is the main entry point for getting the complete browser state.
Args:
event: The browser state request event with options
Returns:
Complete BrowserStateSummary with DOM, screenshot, and target info
"""
from browser_use.browser.views import BrowserStateSummary, PageInfo
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: STARTING browser state request')
page_url = await self.browser_session.get_current_page_url()
self.logger.debug(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Got page URL: {page_url}')
# Get focused session for logging (validation already done by get_current_page_url)
if self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id:
self.logger.debug(f'Current page URL: {page_url}, target_id: {self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id}')
# check if we should skip DOM tree build for pointless pages
not_a_meaningful_website = page_url.lower().split(':', 1)[0] not in ('http', 'https')
# Check for pending network requests BEFORE waiting (so we can see what's loading)
pending_requests_before_wait = []
if not not_a_meaningful_website:
try:
pending_requests_before_wait = await self._get_pending_network_requests()
if pending_requests_before_wait:
self.logger.debug(f'🔍 Found {len(pending_requests_before_wait)} pending requests before stability wait')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to get pending requests before wait: {e}')
pending_requests = pending_requests_before_wait
# Wait for page stability using browser profile settings (main branch pattern)
if not not_a_meaningful_website:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: ⏳ Waiting for page stability...')
try:
if pending_requests_before_wait:
# Reduced from 1s to 0.3s for faster DOM builds while still allowing critical resources to load
await asyncio.sleep(0.3)
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: ✅ Page stability complete')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(
f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Network waiting failed: {e}, continuing anyway...'
)
# Get tabs info once at the beginning for all paths
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Getting tabs info...')
tabs_info = await self.browser_session.get_tabs()
self.logger.debug(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Got {len(tabs_info)} tabs')
self.logger.debug(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Tabs info: {tabs_info}')
# Get viewport / scroll position info, remember changing scroll position should invalidate selector_map cache because it only includes visible elements
# cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(focus=True)
# scroll_info = await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Runtime.evaluate(
# params={'expression': 'JSON.stringify({y: document.body.scrollTop, x: document.body.scrollLeft, width: document.documentElement.clientWidth, height: document.documentElement.clientHeight})'},
# session_id=cdp_session.session_id,
# )
# self.logger.debug(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Got scroll info: {scroll_info["result"]}')
try:
# Fast path for empty pages
if not_a_meaningful_website:
self.logger.debug(f'⚡ Skipping BuildDOMTree for empty target: {page_url}')
self.logger.debug(f'📸 Not taking screenshot for empty page: {page_url} (non-http/https URL)')
# Create minimal DOM state
content = SerializedDOMState(_root=None, selector_map={})
# Skip screenshot for empty pages
screenshot_b64 = None
# Try to get page info from CDP, fall back to defaults if unavailable
try:
page_info = await self._get_page_info()
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to get page info from CDP for empty page: {e}, using fallback')
# Use default viewport dimensions
viewport = self.browser_session.browser_profile.viewport or {'width': 1280, 'height': 720}
page_info = PageInfo(
viewport_width=viewport['width'],
viewport_height=viewport['height'],
page_width=viewport['width'],
page_height=viewport['height'],
scroll_x=0,
scroll_y=0,
pixels_above=0,
pixels_below=0,
pixels_left=0,
pixels_right=0,
)
return BrowserStateSummary(
dom_state=content,
url=page_url,
title='Empty Tab',
tabs=tabs_info,
screenshot=screenshot_b64,
page_info=page_info,
pixels_above=0,
pixels_below=0,
browser_errors=[],
is_pdf_viewer=False,
recent_events=self._get_recent_events_str() if event.include_recent_events else None,
pending_network_requests=[], # Empty page has no pending requests
pagination_buttons=[], # Empty page has no pagination
closed_popup_messages=self.browser_session._closed_popup_messages.copy(),
)
# Execute DOM building and screenshot capture in parallel
dom_task = None
screenshot_task = None
# Start DOM building task if requested
if event.include_dom:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: 🌳 Starting DOM tree build task...')
previous_state = (
self.browser_session._cached_browser_state_summary.dom_state
if self.browser_session._cached_browser_state_summary
else None
)
dom_task = create_task_with_error_handling(
self._build_dom_tree_without_highlights(previous_state),
name='build_dom_tree',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=True,
)
# Start clean screenshot task if requested (without JS highlights)
if event.include_screenshot:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: 📸 Starting clean screenshot task...')
screenshot_task = create_task_with_error_handling(
self._capture_clean_screenshot(),
name='capture_screenshot',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=True,
)
# Wait for both tasks to complete
content = None
screenshot_b64 = None
if dom_task:
try:
content = await dom_task
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: ✅ DOM tree build completed')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: DOM build failed: {e}, using minimal state')
content = SerializedDOMState(_root=None, selector_map={})
else:
content = SerializedDOMState(_root=None, selector_map={})
if screenshot_task:
try:
screenshot_b64 = await screenshot_task
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: ✅ Clean screenshot captured')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Clean screenshot failed: {e}')
screenshot_b64 = None
# Add browser-side highlights for user visibility
if content and content.selector_map and self.browser_session.browser_profile.dom_highlight_elements:
try:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: 🎨 Adding browser-side highlights...')
await self.browser_session.add_highlights(content.selector_map)
self.logger.debug(
f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: ✅ Added browser highlights for {len(content.selector_map)} elements'
)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Browser highlighting failed: {e}')
# Ensure we have valid content
if not content:
content = SerializedDOMState(_root=None, selector_map={})
# Tabs info already fetched at the beginning
# Get target title safely
try:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Getting page title...')
title = await asyncio.wait_for(self.browser_session.get_current_page_title(), timeout=1.0)
self.logger.debug(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Got title: {title}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Failed to get title: {e}')
title = 'Page'
# Get comprehensive page info from CDP with timeout
try:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Getting page info from CDP...')
page_info = await asyncio.wait_for(self._get_page_info(), timeout=1.0)
self.logger.debug(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Got page info from CDP: {page_info}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(
f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: Failed to get page info from CDP: {e}, using fallback'
)
# Fallback to default viewport dimensions
viewport = self.browser_session.browser_profile.viewport or {'width': 1280, 'height': 720}
page_info = PageInfo(
viewport_width=viewport['width'],
viewport_height=viewport['height'],
page_width=viewport['width'],
page_height=viewport['height'],
scroll_x=0,
scroll_y=0,
pixels_above=0,
pixels_below=0,
pixels_left=0,
pixels_right=0,
)
# Check for PDF viewer
is_pdf_viewer = page_url.endswith('.pdf') or '/pdf/' in page_url
# Detect pagination buttons from the DOM
pagination_buttons_data = []
if content and content.selector_map:
pagination_buttons_data = self._detect_pagination_buttons(content.selector_map)
# Build and cache the browser state summary
if screenshot_b64:
self.logger.debug(
f'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: 📸 Creating BrowserStateSummary with screenshot, length: {len(screenshot_b64)}'
)
else:
self.logger.debug(
'🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: 📸 Creating BrowserStateSummary WITHOUT screenshot'
)
browser_state = BrowserStateSummary(
dom_state=content,
url=page_url,
title=title,
tabs=tabs_info,
screenshot=screenshot_b64,
page_info=page_info,
pixels_above=0,
pixels_below=0,
browser_errors=[],
is_pdf_viewer=is_pdf_viewer,
recent_events=self._get_recent_events_str() if event.include_recent_events else None,
pending_network_requests=pending_requests,
pagination_buttons=pagination_buttons_data,
closed_popup_messages=self.browser_session._closed_popup_messages.copy(),
)
# Cache the state
self.browser_session._cached_browser_state_summary = browser_state
# Cache viewport size for coordinate conversion (if llm_screenshot_size is enabled)
if page_info:
self.browser_session._original_viewport_size = (page_info.viewport_width, page_info.viewport_height)
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog.on_BrowserStateRequestEvent: ✅ COMPLETED - Returning browser state')
return browser_state
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'Failed to get browser state: {e}')
# Return minimal recovery state
return BrowserStateSummary(
dom_state=SerializedDOMState(_root=None, selector_map={}),
url=page_url if 'page_url' in locals() else '',
title='Error',
tabs=[],
screenshot=None,
page_info=PageInfo(
viewport_width=1280,
viewport_height=720,
page_width=1280,
page_height=720,
scroll_x=0,
scroll_y=0,
pixels_above=0,
pixels_below=0,
pixels_left=0,
pixels_right=0,
),
pixels_above=0,
pixels_below=0,
browser_errors=[str(e)],
is_pdf_viewer=False,
recent_events=None,
pending_network_requests=[], # Error state has no pending requests
pagination_buttons=[], # Error state has no pagination
closed_popup_messages=self.browser_session._closed_popup_messages.copy()
if hasattr(self, 'browser_session') and self.browser_session is not None
else [],
)
@time_execution_async('build_dom_tree_without_highlights')
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='build_dom_tree_without_highlights')
async def _build_dom_tree_without_highlights(self, previous_state: SerializedDOMState | None = None) -> SerializedDOMState:
"""Build DOM tree without injecting JavaScript highlights (for parallel execution)."""
try:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog._build_dom_tree_without_highlights: STARTING DOM tree build')
# Create or reuse DOM service
if self._dom_service is None:
self._dom_service = DomService(
browser_session=self.browser_session,
logger=self.logger,
cross_origin_iframes=self.browser_session.browser_profile.cross_origin_iframes,
paint_order_filtering=self.browser_session.browser_profile.paint_order_filtering,
max_iframes=self.browser_session.browser_profile.max_iframes,
max_iframe_depth=self.browser_session.browser_profile.max_iframe_depth,
)
# Get serialized DOM tree using the service
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog._build_dom_tree_without_highlights: Calling DomService.get_serialized_dom_tree...')
start = time.time()
self.current_dom_state, self.enhanced_dom_tree, timing_info = await self._dom_service.get_serialized_dom_tree(
previous_cached_state=previous_state,
)
end = time.time()
total_time_ms = (end - start) * 1000
self.logger.debug(
'🔍 DOMWatchdog._build_dom_tree_without_highlights: ✅ DomService.get_serialized_dom_tree completed'
)
# Build hierarchical timing breakdown as single multi-line string
timing_lines = [f'⏱️ Total DOM tree time: {total_time_ms:.2f}ms', '📊 Timing breakdown:']
# get_all_trees breakdown
get_all_trees_ms = timing_info.get('get_all_trees_total_ms', 0)
if get_all_trees_ms > 0:
timing_lines.append(f' ├─ get_all_trees: {get_all_trees_ms:.2f}ms')
iframe_scroll_ms = timing_info.get('iframe_scroll_detection_ms', 0)
cdp_parallel_ms = timing_info.get('cdp_parallel_calls_ms', 0)
snapshot_proc_ms = timing_info.get('snapshot_processing_ms', 0)
if iframe_scroll_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ ├─ iframe_scroll_detection: {iframe_scroll_ms:.2f}ms')
if cdp_parallel_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ ├─ cdp_parallel_calls: {cdp_parallel_ms:.2f}ms')
if snapshot_proc_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ └─ snapshot_processing: {snapshot_proc_ms:.2f}ms')
# build_ax_lookup
build_ax_ms = timing_info.get('build_ax_lookup_ms', 0)
if build_ax_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' ├─ build_ax_lookup: {build_ax_ms:.2f}ms')
# build_snapshot_lookup
build_snapshot_ms = timing_info.get('build_snapshot_lookup_ms', 0)
if build_snapshot_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' ├─ build_snapshot_lookup: {build_snapshot_ms:.2f}ms')
# construct_enhanced_tree
construct_tree_ms = timing_info.get('construct_enhanced_tree_ms', 0)
if construct_tree_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' ├─ construct_enhanced_tree: {construct_tree_ms:.2f}ms')
# serialize_accessible_elements breakdown
serialize_total_ms = timing_info.get('serialize_accessible_elements_total_ms', 0)
if serialize_total_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' ├─ serialize_accessible_elements: {serialize_total_ms:.2f}ms')
create_simp_ms = timing_info.get('create_simplified_tree_ms', 0)
paint_order_ms = timing_info.get('calculate_paint_order_ms', 0)
optimize_ms = timing_info.get('optimize_tree_ms', 0)
bbox_ms = timing_info.get('bbox_filtering_ms', 0)
assign_idx_ms = timing_info.get('assign_interactive_indices_ms', 0)
clickable_ms = timing_info.get('clickable_detection_time_ms', 0)
if create_simp_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ ├─ create_simplified_tree: {create_simp_ms:.2f}ms')
if clickable_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ │ └─ clickable_detection: {clickable_ms:.2f}ms')
if paint_order_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ ├─ calculate_paint_order: {paint_order_ms:.2f}ms')
if optimize_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ ├─ optimize_tree: {optimize_ms:.2f}ms')
if bbox_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ ├─ bbox_filtering: {bbox_ms:.2f}ms')
if assign_idx_ms > 0.01:
timing_lines.append(f' │ └─ assign_interactive_indices: {assign_idx_ms:.2f}ms')
# Overheads
get_dom_overhead_ms = timing_info.get('get_dom_tree_overhead_ms', 0)
serialize_overhead_ms = timing_info.get('serialization_overhead_ms', 0)
get_serialized_overhead_ms = timing_info.get('get_serialized_dom_tree_overhead_ms', 0)
if get_dom_overhead_ms > 0.1:
timing_lines.append(f' ├─ get_dom_tree_overhead: {get_dom_overhead_ms:.2f}ms')
if serialize_overhead_ms > 0.1:
timing_lines.append(f' ├─ serialization_overhead: {serialize_overhead_ms:.2f}ms')
if get_serialized_overhead_ms > 0.1:
timing_lines.append(f' └─ get_serialized_dom_tree_overhead: {get_serialized_overhead_ms:.2f}ms')
# Calculate total tracked time for validation
main_operations_ms = (
get_all_trees_ms
+ build_ax_ms
+ build_snapshot_ms
+ construct_tree_ms
+ serialize_total_ms
+ get_dom_overhead_ms
+ serialize_overhead_ms
+ get_serialized_overhead_ms
)
untracked_time_ms = total_time_ms - main_operations_ms
if untracked_time_ms > 1.0: # Only log if significant
timing_lines.append(f' ⚠️ untracked_time: {untracked_time_ms:.2f}ms')
# Single log call with all timing info
self.logger.debug('\n'.join(timing_lines))
# Update selector map for other watchdogs
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog._build_dom_tree_without_highlights: Updating selector maps...')
self.selector_map = self.current_dom_state.selector_map
# Update BrowserSession's cached selector map
if self.browser_session:
self.browser_session.update_cached_selector_map(self.selector_map)
self.logger.debug(
f'🔍 DOMWatchdog._build_dom_tree_without_highlights: ✅ Selector maps updated, {len(self.selector_map)} elements'
)
# Skip JavaScript highlighting injection - Python highlighting will be applied later
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog._build_dom_tree_without_highlights: ✅ COMPLETED DOM tree build (no JS highlights)')
return self.current_dom_state
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'Failed to build DOM tree without highlights: {e}')
self.event_bus.dispatch(
BrowserErrorEvent(
error_type='DOMBuildFailed',
message=str(e),
)
)
raise
@time_execution_async('capture_clean_screenshot')
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='capture_clean_screenshot')
async def _capture_clean_screenshot(self) -> str:
"""Capture a clean screenshot without JavaScript highlights."""
try:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog._capture_clean_screenshot: Capturing clean screenshot...')
await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id=self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id, focus=True)
# Check if handler is registered
handlers = self.event_bus.handlers.get('ScreenshotEvent', [])
handler_names = [getattr(h, '__name__', str(h)) for h in handlers]
self.logger.debug(f'📸 ScreenshotEvent handlers registered: {len(handlers)} - {handler_names}')
screenshot_event = self.event_bus.dispatch(ScreenshotEvent(full_page=False))
self.logger.debug('📸 Dispatched ScreenshotEvent, waiting for event to complete...')
# Wait for the event itself to complete (this waits for all handlers)
await screenshot_event
# Get the single handler result
screenshot_b64 = await screenshot_event.event_result(raise_if_any=True, raise_if_none=True)
if screenshot_b64 is None:
raise RuntimeError('Screenshot handler returned None')
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog._capture_clean_screenshot: ✅ Clean screenshot captured successfully')
return str(screenshot_b64)
except TimeoutError:
self.logger.warning('📸 Clean screenshot timed out after 6 seconds - no handler registered or slow page?')
raise
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'📸 Clean screenshot failed: {type(e).__name__}: {e}')
raise
def _detect_pagination_buttons(self, selector_map: dict[int, EnhancedDOMTreeNode]) -> list['PaginationButton']:
"""Detect pagination buttons from the DOM selector map.
Args:
selector_map: Dictionary mapping element indices to DOM tree nodes
Returns:
List of PaginationButton instances found in the DOM
"""
from browser_use.browser.views import PaginationButton
pagination_buttons_data = []
try:
self.logger.debug('🔍 DOMWatchdog._detect_pagination_buttons: Detecting pagination buttons...')
pagination_buttons_raw = DomService.detect_pagination_buttons(selector_map)
# Convert to PaginationButton instances
pagination_buttons_data = [
PaginationButton(
button_type=btn['button_type'], # type: ignore
backend_node_id=btn['backend_node_id'], # type: ignore
text=btn['text'], # type: ignore
selector=btn['selector'], # type: ignore
is_disabled=btn['is_disabled'], # type: ignore
)
for btn in pagination_buttons_raw
]
if pagination_buttons_data:
self.logger.debug(
f'🔍 DOMWatchdog._detect_pagination_buttons: Found {len(pagination_buttons_data)} pagination buttons'
)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'🔍 DOMWatchdog._detect_pagination_buttons: Pagination detection failed: {e}')
return pagination_buttons_data
async def _get_page_info(self) -> 'PageInfo':
"""Get comprehensive page information using a single CDP call.
TODO: should we make this an event as well?
Returns:
PageInfo with all viewport, page dimensions, and scroll information
"""
from browser_use.browser.views import PageInfo
# get_or_create_cdp_session() handles focus validation automatically
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(
target_id=self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id, focus=True
)
# Get layout metrics which includes all the information we need
metrics = await asyncio.wait_for(
cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.getLayoutMetrics(session_id=cdp_session.session_id), timeout=10.0
)
# Extract different viewport types
layout_viewport = metrics.get('layoutViewport', {})
visual_viewport = metrics.get('visualViewport', {})
css_visual_viewport = metrics.get('cssVisualViewport', {})
css_layout_viewport = metrics.get('cssLayoutViewport', {})
content_size = metrics.get('contentSize', {})
# Calculate device pixel ratio to convert between device pixels and CSS pixels
# This matches the approach in dom/service.py _get_viewport_ratio method
css_width = css_visual_viewport.get('clientWidth', css_layout_viewport.get('clientWidth', 1280.0))
device_width = visual_viewport.get('clientWidth', css_width)
device_pixel_ratio = device_width / css_width if css_width > 0 else 1.0
# For viewport dimensions, use CSS pixels (what JavaScript sees)
# Prioritize CSS layout viewport, then fall back to layout viewport
viewport_width = int(css_layout_viewport.get('clientWidth') or layout_viewport.get('clientWidth', 1280))
viewport_height = int(css_layout_viewport.get('clientHeight') or layout_viewport.get('clientHeight', 720))
# For total page dimensions, content size is typically in device pixels, so convert to CSS pixels
# by dividing by device pixel ratio
raw_page_width = content_size.get('width', viewport_width * device_pixel_ratio)
raw_page_height = content_size.get('height', viewport_height * device_pixel_ratio)
page_width = int(raw_page_width / device_pixel_ratio)
page_height = int(raw_page_height / device_pixel_ratio)
# For scroll position, use CSS visual viewport if available, otherwise CSS layout viewport
# These should already be in CSS pixels
scroll_x = int(css_visual_viewport.get('pageX') or css_layout_viewport.get('pageX', 0))
scroll_y = int(css_visual_viewport.get('pageY') or css_layout_viewport.get('pageY', 0))
# Calculate scroll information - pixels that are above/below/left/right of current viewport
pixels_above = scroll_y
pixels_below = max(0, page_height - viewport_height - scroll_y)
pixels_left = scroll_x
pixels_right = max(0, page_width - viewport_width - scroll_x)
page_info = PageInfo(
viewport_width=viewport_width,
viewport_height=viewport_height,
page_width=page_width,
page_height=page_height,
scroll_x=scroll_x,
scroll_y=scroll_y,
pixels_above=pixels_above,
pixels_below=pixels_below,
pixels_left=pixels_left,
pixels_right=pixels_right,
)
return page_info
# ========== Public Helper Methods ==========
async def get_element_by_index(self, index: int) -> EnhancedDOMTreeNode | None:
"""Get DOM element by index from cached selector map.
Builds DOM if not cached.
Returns:
EnhancedDOMTreeNode or None if index not found
"""
if not self.selector_map:
# Build DOM if not cached
await self._build_dom_tree_without_highlights()
return self.selector_map.get(index) if self.selector_map else None
def clear_cache(self) -> None:
"""Clear cached DOM state to force rebuild on next access."""
self.selector_map = None
self.current_dom_state = None
self.enhanced_dom_tree = None
# Keep the DOM service instance to reuse its CDP client connection
def is_file_input(self, element: EnhancedDOMTreeNode) -> bool:
"""Check if element is a file input."""
return element.node_name.upper() == 'INPUT' and element.attributes.get('type', '').lower() == 'file'
@staticmethod
def is_element_visible_according_to_all_parents(node: EnhancedDOMTreeNode, html_frames: list[EnhancedDOMTreeNode]) -> bool:
"""Check if the element is visible according to all its parent HTML frames.
Delegates to the DomService static method.
"""
return DomService.is_element_visible_according_to_all_parents(node, html_frames)
async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
"""Clean up DOM service on exit."""
if self._dom_service:
await self._dom_service.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
self._dom_service = None
def __del__(self):
"""Clean up DOM service on deletion."""
super().__del__()
# DOM service will clean up its own CDP client
self._dom_service = None

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"""HAR Recording Watchdog for Browser-Use sessions.
Captures HTTPS network activity via CDP Network domain and writes a HAR 1.2
file on browser shutdown. Respects `record_har_content` (omit/embed/attach)
and `record_har_mode` (full/minimal).
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import base64
import hashlib
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from importlib import metadata as importlib_metadata
from pathlib import Path
from typing import ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.network.events import (
DataReceivedEvent,
LoadingFailedEvent,
LoadingFinishedEvent,
RequestWillBeSentEvent,
ResponseReceivedEvent,
)
from cdp_use.cdp.page.events import FrameNavigatedEvent, LifecycleEventEvent
from browser_use.browser.events import BrowserConnectedEvent, BrowserStopEvent
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
@dataclass
class _HarContent:
mime_type: str | None = None
text_b64: str | None = None # for embed
file_rel: str | None = None # for attach
size: int | None = None
@dataclass
class _HarEntryBuilder:
request_id: str = ''
frame_id: str | None = None
document_url: str | None = None
url: str | None = None
method: str | None = None
request_headers: dict = field(default_factory=dict)
request_body: bytes | None = None
post_data: str | None = None # CDP postData field
status: int | None = None
status_text: str | None = None
response_headers: dict = field(default_factory=dict)
mime_type: str | None = None
encoded_data: bytearray = field(default_factory=bytearray)
failed: bool = False
# timing info (CDP timestamps are monotonic seconds); wallTime is epoch seconds
ts_request: float | None = None
wall_time_request: float | None = None
ts_response: float | None = None
ts_finished: float | None = None
encoded_data_length: int | None = None
response_body: bytes | None = None
content_length: int | None = None # From Content-Length header
protocol: str | None = None
server_ip_address: str | None = None
server_port: int | None = None
security_details: dict | None = None
transfer_size: int | None = None
def _is_https(url: str | None) -> bool:
return bool(url and url.lower().startswith('https://'))
def _origin(url: str) -> str:
# Very small origin extractor, assumes https URLs
# https://host[:port]/...
if not url:
return ''
try:
without_scheme = url.split('://', 1)[1]
host_port = without_scheme.split('/', 1)[0]
return f'https://{host_port}'
except Exception:
return ''
def _mime_to_extension(mime_type: str | None) -> str:
"""Map MIME type to file extension, matching Playwright's behavior."""
if not mime_type:
return 'bin'
mime_lower = mime_type.lower().split(';')[0].strip()
# Common MIME type to extension mapping
mime_map = {
'text/html': 'html',
'text/css': 'css',
'text/javascript': 'js',
'application/javascript': 'js',
'application/x-javascript': 'js',
'application/json': 'json',
'application/xml': 'xml',
'text/xml': 'xml',
'text/plain': 'txt',
'image/png': 'png',
'image/jpeg': 'jpg',
'image/jpg': 'jpg',
'image/gif': 'gif',
'image/webp': 'webp',
'image/svg+xml': 'svg',
'image/x-icon': 'ico',
'font/woff': 'woff',
'font/woff2': 'woff2',
'application/font-woff': 'woff',
'application/font-woff2': 'woff2',
'application/x-font-woff': 'woff',
'application/x-font-woff2': 'woff2',
'font/ttf': 'ttf',
'application/x-font-ttf': 'ttf',
'font/otf': 'otf',
'application/x-font-opentype': 'otf',
'application/pdf': 'pdf',
'application/zip': 'zip',
'application/x-zip-compressed': 'zip',
'video/mp4': 'mp4',
'video/webm': 'webm',
'audio/mpeg': 'mp3',
'audio/mp3': 'mp3',
'audio/wav': 'wav',
'audio/ogg': 'ogg',
}
return mime_map.get(mime_lower, 'bin')
def _generate_har_filename(content: bytes, mime_type: str | None) -> str:
"""Generate a hash-based filename for HAR attach mode, matching Playwright's format."""
content_hash = hashlib.sha1(content).hexdigest()
extension = _mime_to_extension(mime_type)
return f'{content_hash}.{extension}'
class HarRecordingWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Collects HTTPS requests/responses and writes a HAR 1.2 file on stop."""
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [BrowserConnectedEvent, BrowserStopEvent]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = []
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self._enabled: bool = False
self._entries: dict[str, _HarEntryBuilder] = {}
self._top_level_pages: dict[
str, dict
] = {} # frameId -> {url, title, startedDateTime, monotonic_start, onContentLoad, onLoad}
async def on_BrowserConnectedEvent(self, event: BrowserConnectedEvent) -> None:
profile = self.browser_session.browser_profile
if not profile.record_har_path:
return
# Normalize config
self._content_mode = (profile.record_har_content or 'embed').lower()
self._mode = (profile.record_har_mode or 'full').lower()
self._har_path = Path(str(profile.record_har_path)).expanduser().resolve()
self._har_dir = self._har_path.parent
self._har_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
try:
# Enable Network and Page domains for events
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session()
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Network.enable(session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.enable(session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
# Query browser version for HAR log.browser
try:
version_info = await self.browser_session.cdp_client.send.Browser.getVersion()
self._browser_name = version_info.get('product') or 'Chromium'
self._browser_version = version_info.get('jsVersion') or ''
except Exception:
self._browser_name = 'Chromium'
self._browser_version = ''
cdp = self.browser_session.cdp_client.register
cdp.Network.requestWillBeSent(self._on_request_will_be_sent)
cdp.Network.responseReceived(self._on_response_received)
cdp.Network.dataReceived(self._on_data_received)
cdp.Network.loadingFinished(self._on_loading_finished)
cdp.Network.loadingFailed(self._on_loading_failed)
cdp.Page.lifecycleEvent(self._on_lifecycle_event)
cdp.Page.frameNavigated(self._on_frame_navigated)
self._enabled = True
self.logger.info(f'📊 Starting HAR recording to {self._har_path}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'Failed to enable HAR recording: {e}')
self._enabled = False
async def on_BrowserStopEvent(self, event: BrowserStopEvent) -> None:
if not self._enabled:
return
try:
await self._write_har()
self.logger.info(f'📊 HAR file saved: {self._har_path}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'Failed to write HAR: {e}')
# =============== CDP Event Handlers (sync) ==================
def _on_request_will_be_sent(self, params: RequestWillBeSentEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
try:
req = params.get('request', {}) if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'request', {})
url = req.get('url') if isinstance(req, dict) else getattr(req, 'url', None)
if not _is_https(url):
return # HTTPS-only requirement (only HTTPS requests are recorded for now)
request_id = params.get('requestId') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'requestId', None)
if not request_id:
return
entry = self._entries.setdefault(request_id, _HarEntryBuilder(request_id=request_id))
entry.url = url
entry.method = req.get('method') if isinstance(req, dict) else getattr(req, 'method', None)
entry.post_data = req.get('postData') if isinstance(req, dict) else getattr(req, 'postData', None)
# Convert headers to plain dict, handling various formats
headers_raw = req.get('headers') if isinstance(req, dict) else getattr(req, 'headers', None)
if headers_raw is None:
entry.request_headers = {}
elif isinstance(headers_raw, dict):
entry.request_headers = {k.lower(): str(v) for k, v in headers_raw.items()}
elif isinstance(headers_raw, list):
entry.request_headers = {
h.get('name', '').lower(): str(h.get('value') or '') for h in headers_raw if isinstance(h, dict)
}
else:
# Handle Headers type or other formats - convert to dict
try:
headers_dict = dict(headers_raw) if hasattr(headers_raw, '__iter__') else {}
entry.request_headers = {k.lower(): str(v) for k, v in headers_dict.items()}
except Exception:
entry.request_headers = {}
entry.frame_id = params.get('frameId') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'frameId', None)
entry.document_url = (
params.get('documentURL')
if hasattr(params, 'get')
else getattr(params, 'documentURL', None) or entry.document_url
)
# Timing anchors
entry.ts_request = params.get('timestamp') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'timestamp', None)
entry.wall_time_request = params.get('wallTime') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'wallTime', None)
# Track top-level navigations for page context
req_type = params.get('type') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'type', None)
is_same_doc = (
params.get('isSameDocument', False) if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'isSameDocument', False)
)
if req_type == 'Document' and not is_same_doc:
# best-effort: consider as navigation
if entry.frame_id and url:
if entry.frame_id not in self._top_level_pages:
self._top_level_pages[entry.frame_id] = {
'url': str(url),
'title': str(url), # Default to URL, will be updated from DOM
'startedDateTime': entry.wall_time_request,
'monotonic_start': entry.ts_request, # Track monotonic start time for timing calculations
'onContentLoad': -1,
'onLoad': -1,
}
else:
# Update startedDateTime and monotonic_start if this is earlier
page_info = self._top_level_pages[entry.frame_id]
if entry.wall_time_request and (
page_info['startedDateTime'] is None or entry.wall_time_request < page_info['startedDateTime']
):
page_info['startedDateTime'] = entry.wall_time_request
page_info['monotonic_start'] = entry.ts_request
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'requestWillBeSent handling error: {e}')
def _on_response_received(self, params: ResponseReceivedEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
try:
request_id = params.get('requestId') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'requestId', None)
if not request_id or request_id not in self._entries:
return
response = params.get('response', {}) if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'response', {})
entry = self._entries[request_id]
entry.status = response.get('status') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'status', None)
entry.status_text = (
response.get('statusText') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'statusText', None)
)
# Extract Content-Length for compression calculation (before converting headers)
headers_raw = response.get('headers') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'headers', None)
if headers_raw:
if isinstance(headers_raw, dict):
cl_str = headers_raw.get('content-length') or headers_raw.get('Content-Length')
elif isinstance(headers_raw, list):
cl_header = next(
(h for h in headers_raw if isinstance(h, dict) and h.get('name', '').lower() == 'content-length'), None
)
cl_str = cl_header.get('value') if cl_header else None
else:
cl_str = None
if cl_str:
try:
entry.content_length = int(cl_str)
except Exception:
pass
# Convert headers to plain dict, handling various formats
if headers_raw is None:
entry.response_headers = {}
elif isinstance(headers_raw, dict):
entry.response_headers = {k.lower(): str(v) for k, v in headers_raw.items()}
elif isinstance(headers_raw, list):
entry.response_headers = {
h.get('name', '').lower(): str(h.get('value') or '') for h in headers_raw if isinstance(h, dict)
}
else:
# Handle Headers type or other formats - convert to dict
try:
headers_dict = dict(headers_raw) if hasattr(headers_raw, '__iter__') else {}
entry.response_headers = {k.lower(): str(v) for k, v in headers_dict.items()}
except Exception:
entry.response_headers = {}
entry.mime_type = response.get('mimeType') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'mimeType', None)
entry.ts_response = params.get('timestamp') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'timestamp', None)
protocol_raw = response.get('protocol') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'protocol', None)
if protocol_raw:
protocol_lower = str(protocol_raw).lower()
if protocol_lower == 'h2' or protocol_lower.startswith('http/2'):
entry.protocol = 'HTTP/2.0'
elif protocol_lower.startswith('http/1.1'):
entry.protocol = 'HTTP/1.1'
elif protocol_lower.startswith('http/1.0'):
entry.protocol = 'HTTP/1.0'
else:
entry.protocol = str(protocol_raw).upper()
entry.server_ip_address = (
response.get('remoteIPAddress') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'remoteIPAddress', None)
)
server_port_raw = response.get('remotePort') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'remotePort', None)
if server_port_raw is not None:
try:
entry.server_port = int(server_port_raw)
except (ValueError, TypeError):
pass
# Extract security details (TLS info)
security_details_raw = (
response.get('securityDetails') if isinstance(response, dict) else getattr(response, 'securityDetails', None)
)
if security_details_raw:
try:
entry.security_details = dict(security_details_raw)
except Exception:
pass
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'responseReceived handling error: {e}')
def _on_data_received(self, params: DataReceivedEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
try:
request_id = params.get('requestId') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'requestId', None)
if not request_id or request_id not in self._entries:
return
data = params.get('data') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'data', None)
if isinstance(data, str):
try:
self._entries[request_id].encoded_data.extend(data.encode('latin1'))
except Exception:
pass
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'dataReceived handling error: {e}')
def _on_loading_finished(self, params: LoadingFinishedEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
try:
request_id = params.get('requestId') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'requestId', None)
if not request_id or request_id not in self._entries:
return
entry = self._entries[request_id]
entry.ts_finished = params.get('timestamp')
# Fetch response body via CDP as dataReceived may be incomplete
import asyncio as _asyncio
async def _fetch_body(self_ref, req_id, sess_id):
try:
resp = await self_ref.browser_session.cdp_client.send.Network.getResponseBody(
params={'requestId': req_id}, session_id=sess_id
)
data = resp.get('body', b'')
if resp.get('base64Encoded'):
import base64 as _b64
data = _b64.b64decode(data)
else:
# Ensure data is bytes even if CDP returns a string
if isinstance(data, str):
data = data.encode('utf-8', errors='replace')
# Ensure we always have bytes
if not isinstance(data, bytes):
data = bytes(data) if data else b''
entry.response_body = data
except Exception:
pass
# Always schedule the response body fetch task
_asyncio.create_task(_fetch_body(self, request_id, session_id))
encoded_length = (
params.get('encodedDataLength') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'encodedDataLength', None)
)
if encoded_length is not None:
try:
entry.encoded_data_length = int(encoded_length)
entry.transfer_size = entry.encoded_data_length
except Exception:
entry.encoded_data_length = None
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'loadingFinished handling error: {e}')
def _on_loading_failed(self, params: LoadingFailedEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
try:
request_id = params.get('requestId') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'requestId', None)
if request_id and request_id in self._entries:
self._entries[request_id].failed = True
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'loadingFailed handling error: {e}')
# ===================== HAR Writing ==========================
def _on_lifecycle_event(self, params: LifecycleEventEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
"""Handle Page.lifecycleEvent for tracking page load timings."""
try:
frame_id = params.get('frameId') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'frameId', None)
name = params.get('name') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'name', None)
timestamp = params.get('timestamp') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'timestamp', None)
if not frame_id or not name or frame_id not in self._top_level_pages:
return
page_info = self._top_level_pages[frame_id]
# Use monotonic_start instead of startedDateTime (wall-clock) for timing calculations
monotonic_start = page_info.get('monotonic_start')
if name == 'DOMContentLoaded' and monotonic_start is not None:
# Calculate milliseconds since page start using monotonic timestamps
try:
elapsed_ms = int(round((timestamp - monotonic_start) * 1000))
page_info['onContentLoad'] = max(0, elapsed_ms)
except Exception:
pass
elif name == 'load' and monotonic_start is not None:
try:
elapsed_ms = int(round((timestamp - monotonic_start) * 1000))
page_info['onLoad'] = max(0, elapsed_ms)
except Exception:
pass
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'lifecycleEvent handling error: {e}')
def _on_frame_navigated(self, params: FrameNavigatedEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
"""Handle Page.frameNavigated to update page title from DOM."""
try:
frame = params.get('frame') if hasattr(params, 'get') else getattr(params, 'frame', None)
if not frame:
return
frame_id = frame.get('id') if isinstance(frame, dict) else getattr(frame, 'id', None)
title = (
frame.get('name') or frame.get('url')
if isinstance(frame, dict)
else getattr(frame, 'name', None) or getattr(frame, 'url', None)
)
if frame_id and frame_id in self._top_level_pages:
# Try to get actual page title via Runtime.evaluate if possible
# For now, use frame name or URL as fallback
if title:
self._top_level_pages[frame_id]['title'] = str(title)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'frameNavigated handling error: {e}')
# ===================== HAR Writing ==========================
async def _write_har(self) -> None:
# Filter by mode and HTTPS already respected at collection time
entries = [e for e in self._entries.values() if self._include_entry(e)]
har_entries = []
sidecar_dir: Path | None = None
if self._content_mode == 'attach':
sidecar_dir = self._har_dir / f'{self._har_path.stem}_har_parts'
sidecar_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
for e in entries:
content_obj: dict = {'mimeType': e.mime_type or ''}
# Get body data, preferring response_body over encoded_data
if e.response_body is not None:
body_data = e.response_body
else:
body_data = e.encoded_data
# Defensive conversion: ensure body_data is always bytes
if isinstance(body_data, str):
body_bytes = body_data.encode('utf-8', errors='replace')
elif isinstance(body_data, bytearray):
body_bytes = bytes(body_data)
elif isinstance(body_data, bytes):
body_bytes = body_data
else:
# Fallback: try to convert to bytes
try:
body_bytes = bytes(body_data) if body_data else b''
except (TypeError, ValueError):
body_bytes = b''
content_size = len(body_bytes)
# Calculate compression (bytes saved by compression)
compression = 0
if e.content_length is not None and e.encoded_data_length is not None:
compression = max(0, e.content_length - e.encoded_data_length)
if self._content_mode == 'embed' and content_size > 0:
# Prefer plain text; fallback to base64 only if decoding fails
try:
text_decoded = body_bytes.decode('utf-8')
content_obj['text'] = text_decoded
content_obj['size'] = content_size
content_obj['compression'] = compression
except UnicodeDecodeError:
content_obj['text'] = base64.b64encode(body_bytes).decode('ascii')
content_obj['encoding'] = 'base64'
content_obj['size'] = content_size
content_obj['compression'] = compression
elif self._content_mode == 'attach' and content_size > 0 and sidecar_dir is not None:
filename = _generate_har_filename(body_bytes, e.mime_type)
(sidecar_dir / filename).write_bytes(body_bytes)
content_obj['_file'] = filename
content_obj['size'] = content_size
content_obj['compression'] = compression
else:
# omit or empty
content_obj['size'] = content_size
if content_size > 0:
content_obj['compression'] = compression
started_date_time, total_time_ms, timings = self._compute_timings(e)
req_headers_list = [{'name': k, 'value': str(v)} for k, v in (e.request_headers or {}).items()]
resp_headers_list = [{'name': k, 'value': str(v)} for k, v in (e.response_headers or {}).items()]
request_headers_size = self._calc_headers_size(e.method or 'GET', e.url or '', req_headers_list)
response_headers_size = self._calc_headers_size(None, None, resp_headers_list)
request_body_size = self._calc_request_body_size(e)
request_post_data = None
if e.post_data and self._content_mode != 'omit':
if self._content_mode == 'embed':
request_post_data = {'mimeType': e.request_headers.get('content-type', ''), 'text': e.post_data}
elif self._content_mode == 'attach' and sidecar_dir is not None:
post_data_bytes = e.post_data.encode('utf-8')
req_mime_type = e.request_headers.get('content-type', 'text/plain')
req_filename = _generate_har_filename(post_data_bytes, req_mime_type)
(sidecar_dir / req_filename).write_bytes(post_data_bytes)
request_post_data = {
'mimeType': req_mime_type,
'_file': req_filename,
}
http_version = e.protocol if e.protocol else 'HTTP/1.1'
response_body_size = e.transfer_size
if response_body_size is None:
response_body_size = e.encoded_data_length
if response_body_size is None:
response_body_size = content_size if content_size > 0 else -1
entry_dict = {
'startedDateTime': started_date_time,
'time': total_time_ms,
'request': {
'method': e.method or 'GET',
'url': e.url or '',
'httpVersion': http_version,
'headers': req_headers_list,
'queryString': [],
'cookies': [],
'headersSize': request_headers_size,
'bodySize': request_body_size,
'postData': request_post_data,
},
'response': {
'status': e.status or 0,
'statusText': e.status_text or '',
'httpVersion': http_version,
'headers': resp_headers_list,
'cookies': [],
'content': content_obj,
'redirectURL': '',
'headersSize': response_headers_size,
'bodySize': response_body_size,
},
'cache': {},
'timings': timings,
'pageref': self._page_ref_for_entry(e),
}
# Add security/TLS details if available
if e.server_ip_address:
entry_dict['serverIPAddress'] = e.server_ip_address
if e.server_port is not None:
entry_dict['_serverPort'] = e.server_port
if e.security_details:
# Filter to match Playwright's minimal security details set
security_filtered = {}
if 'protocol' in e.security_details:
security_filtered['protocol'] = e.security_details['protocol']
if 'subjectName' in e.security_details:
security_filtered['subjectName'] = e.security_details['subjectName']
if 'issuer' in e.security_details:
security_filtered['issuer'] = e.security_details['issuer']
if 'validFrom' in e.security_details:
security_filtered['validFrom'] = e.security_details['validFrom']
if 'validTo' in e.security_details:
security_filtered['validTo'] = e.security_details['validTo']
if security_filtered:
entry_dict['_securityDetails'] = security_filtered
if e.transfer_size is not None:
entry_dict['response']['_transferSize'] = e.transfer_size
har_entries.append(entry_dict)
# Try to include our library version in creator
try:
bu_version = importlib_metadata.version('browser-use')
except Exception:
# Fallback when running from source without installed package metadata
bu_version = 'dev'
har_obj = {
'log': {
'version': '1.2',
'creator': {'name': 'browser-use', 'version': bu_version},
'browser': {'name': self._browser_name, 'version': self._browser_version},
'pages': [
{
'id': f'page@{pid}', # Use Playwright format: "page@{frame_id}"
'title': page_info.get('title', page_info.get('url', '')),
'startedDateTime': self._format_page_started_datetime(page_info.get('startedDateTime')),
'pageTimings': (
(lambda _ocl, _ol: ({k: v for k, v in (('onContentLoad', _ocl), ('onLoad', _ol)) if v is not None}))(
(page_info.get('onContentLoad') if page_info.get('onContentLoad', -1) >= 0 else None),
(page_info.get('onLoad') if page_info.get('onLoad', -1) >= 0 else None),
)
),
}
for pid, page_info in self._top_level_pages.items()
],
'entries': har_entries,
}
}
tmp_path = self._har_path.with_suffix(self._har_path.suffix + '.tmp')
# Write as bytes explicitly to avoid any text/binary mode confusion in different environments
tmp_path.write_bytes(json.dumps(har_obj, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False).encode('utf-8'))
tmp_path.replace(self._har_path)
def _format_page_started_datetime(self, timestamp: float | None) -> str:
"""Format page startedDateTime from timestamp."""
if timestamp is None:
return ''
try:
from datetime import datetime, timezone
return datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=timezone.utc).isoformat().replace('+00:00', 'Z')
except Exception:
return ''
def _page_ref_for_entry(self, e: _HarEntryBuilder) -> str | None:
# Use Playwright format: "page@{frame_id}" if frame_id is known
if e.frame_id and e.frame_id in self._top_level_pages:
return f'page@{e.frame_id}'
return None
def _include_entry(self, e: _HarEntryBuilder) -> bool:
if not _is_https(e.url):
return False
# Filter out favicon requests (matching Playwright behavior)
if e.url and '/favicon.ico' in e.url.lower():
return False
if getattr(self, '_mode', 'full') == 'full':
return True
# minimal: include main document and same-origin subresources
if e.frame_id and e.frame_id in self._top_level_pages:
page_info = self._top_level_pages[e.frame_id]
page_url = page_info.get('url') if isinstance(page_info, dict) else page_info
return _origin(e.url or '') == _origin(page_url or '')
return False
# ===================== Helpers ==============================
def _compute_timings(self, e: _HarEntryBuilder) -> tuple[str, int, dict]:
# startedDateTime from wall_time_request in ISO8601 Z
started = ''
try:
if e.wall_time_request is not None:
from datetime import datetime, timezone
started = datetime.fromtimestamp(e.wall_time_request, tz=timezone.utc).isoformat().replace('+00:00', 'Z')
except Exception:
started = ''
# Calculate timings - CDP doesn't always provide DNS/connect/SSL breakdown
# Default to 0 for unavailable timings, calculate what we can from timestamps
dns_ms = 0
connect_ms = 0
ssl_ms = 0
send_ms = 0
wait_ms = 0
receive_ms = 0
if e.ts_request is not None and e.ts_response is not None:
wait_ms = max(0, int(round((e.ts_response - e.ts_request) * 1000)))
if e.ts_response is not None and e.ts_finished is not None:
receive_ms = max(0, int(round((e.ts_finished - e.ts_response) * 1000)))
# Note: DNS, connect, and SSL timings would require additional CDP events or ResourceTiming API
# For now, we structure the timings dict to match Playwright format
# but leave DNS/connect/SSL as 0 since CDP doesn't provide this breakdown directly
total = dns_ms + connect_ms + ssl_ms + send_ms + wait_ms + receive_ms
return (
started,
total,
{
'dns': dns_ms,
'connect': connect_ms,
'ssl': ssl_ms,
'send': send_ms,
'wait': wait_ms,
'receive': receive_ms,
},
)
def _calc_headers_size(self, method: str | None, url: str | None, headers_list: list[dict]) -> int:
try:
# Approximate per RFC: sum of header lines + CRLF; include request/status line only for request
size = 0
if method and url:
# Use HTTP/1.1 request line approximation
size += len(f'{method} {url} HTTP/1.1\r\n'.encode('latin1'))
for h in headers_list:
size += len(f'{h.get("name", "")}: {h.get("value", "")}\r\n'.encode('latin1'))
size += len(b'\r\n')
return size
except Exception:
return -1
def _calc_request_body_size(self, e: _HarEntryBuilder) -> int:
# Try Content-Length header first; else post_data; else request_body; else 0 for GET/HEAD, -1 if unknown
try:
cl = None
if e.request_headers:
cl = e.request_headers.get('content-length') or e.request_headers.get('Content-Length')
if cl is not None:
return int(cl)
if e.post_data:
return len(e.post_data.encode('utf-8'))
if e.request_body is not None:
return len(e.request_body)
# GET/HEAD requests typically have no body
if e.method and e.method.upper() in ('GET', 'HEAD'):
return 0
except Exception:
pass
return -1

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
"""Local browser watchdog for managing browser subprocess lifecycle."""
from __future__ import annotations
import asyncio
import os
import shutil
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar
import psutil
from bubus import BaseEvent
from pydantic import PrivateAttr
from browser_use.browser.events import (
BrowserKillEvent,
BrowserLaunchEvent,
BrowserLaunchResult,
BrowserStopEvent,
)
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
from browser_use.observability import observe_debug
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from browser_use.browser.profile import BrowserChannel
class LocalBrowserWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Manages local browser subprocess lifecycle."""
# Events this watchdog listens to
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent[Any]]]] = [
BrowserLaunchEvent,
BrowserKillEvent,
BrowserStopEvent,
]
# Events this watchdog emits
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent[Any]]]] = []
# Private state for subprocess management
_subprocess: psutil.Process | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
_owns_browser_resources: bool = PrivateAttr(default=True)
_temp_dirs_to_cleanup: list[Path] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=list)
_original_user_data_dir: str | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='browser_launch_event')
async def on_BrowserLaunchEvent(self, event: BrowserLaunchEvent) -> BrowserLaunchResult:
"""Launch a local browser process."""
try:
self.logger.debug('[LocalBrowserWatchdog] Received BrowserLaunchEvent, launching local browser...')
# self.logger.debug('[LocalBrowserWatchdog] Calling _launch_browser...')
process, cdp_url = await self._launch_browser()
self._subprocess = process
# self.logger.debug(f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] _launch_browser returned: process={process}, cdp_url={cdp_url}')
return BrowserLaunchResult(cdp_url=cdp_url)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] Exception in on_BrowserLaunchEvent: {e}', exc_info=True)
raise
async def on_BrowserKillEvent(self, event: BrowserKillEvent) -> None:
"""Kill the local browser subprocess."""
self.logger.debug('[LocalBrowserWatchdog] Killing local browser process')
if self._subprocess:
await self._cleanup_process(self._subprocess)
self._subprocess = None
# Clean up temp directories if any were created
for temp_dir in self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup:
self._cleanup_temp_dir(temp_dir)
self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup.clear()
# Restore original user_data_dir if it was modified
if self._original_user_data_dir is not None:
self.browser_session.browser_profile.user_data_dir = self._original_user_data_dir
self._original_user_data_dir = None
self.logger.debug('[LocalBrowserWatchdog] Browser cleanup completed')
async def on_BrowserStopEvent(self, event: BrowserStopEvent) -> None:
"""Listen for BrowserStopEvent and dispatch BrowserKillEvent without awaiting it."""
if self.browser_session.is_local and self._subprocess:
self.logger.debug('[LocalBrowserWatchdog] BrowserStopEvent received, dispatching BrowserKillEvent')
# Dispatch BrowserKillEvent without awaiting so it gets processed after all BrowserStopEvent handlers
self.event_bus.dispatch(BrowserKillEvent())
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='launch_browser_process')
async def _launch_browser(self, max_retries: int = 3) -> tuple[psutil.Process, str]:
"""Launch browser process and return (process, cdp_url).
Handles launch errors by falling back to temporary directories if needed.
Returns:
Tuple of (psutil.Process, cdp_url)
"""
# Keep track of original user_data_dir to restore if needed
profile = self.browser_session.browser_profile
self._original_user_data_dir = str(profile.user_data_dir) if profile.user_data_dir else None
self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup = []
for attempt in range(max_retries):
try:
# Get launch args from profile
launch_args = profile.get_args()
# Add debugging port
debug_port = self._find_free_port()
launch_args.extend(
[
f'--remote-debugging-port={debug_port}',
]
)
assert '--user-data-dir' in str(launch_args), (
'User data dir must be set somewhere in launch args to a non-default path, otherwise Chrome will not let us attach via CDP'
)
# Get browser executable
# Priority: custom executable > fallback paths > playwright subprocess
if profile.executable_path:
browser_path = profile.executable_path
self.logger.debug(f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] 📦 Using custom local browser executable_path= {browser_path}')
else:
# self.logger.debug('[LocalBrowserWatchdog] 🔍 Looking for local browser binary path...')
# Try fallback paths first (system browsers preferred)
browser_path = self._find_installed_browser_path(channel=profile.channel)
if not browser_path:
self.logger.error(
'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] ⚠️ No local browser binary found, installing browser using playwright subprocess...'
)
browser_path = await self._install_browser_with_playwright()
self.logger.debug(f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] 📦 Found local browser installed at executable_path= {browser_path}')
if not browser_path:
raise RuntimeError('No local Chrome/Chromium install found, and failed to install with playwright')
# Launch browser subprocess directly
self.logger.debug(f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] 🚀 Launching browser subprocess with {len(launch_args)} args...')
self.logger.debug(
f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] 📂 user_data_dir={profile.user_data_dir}, profile_directory={profile.profile_directory}'
)
subprocess = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
browser_path,
*launch_args,
stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
)
self.logger.debug(
f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] 🎭 Browser running with browser_pid= {subprocess.pid} 🔗 listening on CDP port :{debug_port}'
)
# Convert to psutil.Process
process = psutil.Process(subprocess.pid)
# Wait for CDP to be ready and get the URL
cdp_url = await self._wait_for_cdp_url(debug_port)
# Success! Clean up only the temp dirs we created but didn't use
currently_used_dir = str(profile.user_data_dir)
unused_temp_dirs = [tmp_dir for tmp_dir in self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup if str(tmp_dir) != currently_used_dir]
for tmp_dir in unused_temp_dirs:
try:
shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
except Exception:
pass
# Keep only the in-use directory for cleanup during browser kill
if currently_used_dir and 'browseruse-tmp-' in currently_used_dir:
self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup = [Path(currently_used_dir)]
else:
self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup = []
return process, cdp_url
except Exception as e:
error_str = str(e).lower()
# Check if this is a user_data_dir related error
if any(err in error_str for err in ['singletonlock', 'user data directory', 'cannot create', 'already in use']):
self.logger.warning(f'Browser launch failed (attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}): {e}')
if attempt < max_retries - 1:
# Create a temporary directory for next attempt
tmp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='browseruse-tmp-'))
self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup.append(tmp_dir)
# Update profile to use temp directory
profile.user_data_dir = str(tmp_dir)
self.logger.debug(f'Retrying with temporary user_data_dir: {tmp_dir}')
# Small delay before retry
await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
continue
# Not a recoverable error or last attempt failed
# Restore original user_data_dir before raising
if self._original_user_data_dir is not None:
profile.user_data_dir = self._original_user_data_dir
# Clean up any temp dirs we created
for tmp_dir in self._temp_dirs_to_cleanup:
try:
shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
except Exception:
pass
raise
# Should not reach here, but just in case
if self._original_user_data_dir is not None:
profile.user_data_dir = self._original_user_data_dir
raise RuntimeError(f'Failed to launch browser after {max_retries} attempts')
@staticmethod
def _find_installed_browser_path(channel: BrowserChannel | None = None) -> str | None:
"""Try to find browser executable from common fallback locations.
If a channel is specified, paths for that browser are searched first.
Falls back to all known browser paths if the channel-specific search fails.
Prioritizes:
1. Channel-specific paths (if channel is set)
2. System Chrome stable
3. Playwright chromium
4. Other system native browsers (Chromium -> Chrome Canary/Dev -> Brave -> Edge)
5. Playwright headless-shell fallback
Returns:
Path to browser executable or None if not found
"""
import glob
import platform
from pathlib import Path
from browser_use.browser.profile import BROWSERUSE_DEFAULT_CHANNEL, BrowserChannel
system = platform.system()
# Get playwright browsers path from environment variable if set
playwright_path = os.environ.get('PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH')
# Build tagged pattern lists per OS: (browser_group, path)
# browser_group is used to match against the requested channel
if system == 'Darwin': # macOS
if not playwright_path:
playwright_path = '~/Library/Caches/ms-playwright'
all_patterns = [
('chrome', '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome'),
('chromium', f'{playwright_path}/chromium-*/chrome-mac/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium'),
('chromium', '/Applications/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium'),
('chrome-canary', '/Applications/Google Chrome Canary.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome Canary'),
('brave', '/Applications/Brave Browser.app/Contents/MacOS/Brave Browser'),
('msedge', '/Applications/Microsoft Edge.app/Contents/MacOS/Microsoft Edge'),
('chromium', f'{playwright_path}/chromium_headless_shell-*/chrome-mac/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium'),
]
elif system == 'Linux':
if not playwright_path:
playwright_path = '~/.cache/ms-playwright'
all_patterns = [
('chrome', '/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable'),
('chrome', '/usr/bin/google-chrome'),
('chrome', '/usr/local/bin/google-chrome'),
('chromium', f'{playwright_path}/chromium-*/chrome-linux*/chrome'),
('chromium', '/usr/bin/chromium'),
('chromium', '/usr/bin/chromium-browser'),
('chromium', '/usr/local/bin/chromium'),
('chromium', '/snap/bin/chromium'),
('chrome-beta', '/usr/bin/google-chrome-beta'),
('chrome-dev', '/usr/bin/google-chrome-dev'),
('brave', '/usr/bin/brave-browser'),
('msedge', '/usr/bin/microsoft-edge-stable'),
('msedge', '/usr/bin/microsoft-edge'),
('chromium', f'{playwright_path}/chromium_headless_shell-*/chrome-linux*/chrome'),
]
elif system == 'Windows':
if not playwright_path:
playwright_path = r'%LOCALAPPDATA%\ms-playwright'
all_patterns = [
('chrome', r'C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'),
('chrome', r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'),
('chrome', r'%LOCALAPPDATA%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'),
('chrome', r'%PROGRAMFILES%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'),
('chrome', r'%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'),
('chromium', f'{playwright_path}\\chromium-*\\chrome-win\\chrome.exe'),
('chromium', r'C:\Program Files\Chromium\Application\chrome.exe'),
('chromium', r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Chromium\Application\chrome.exe'),
('chromium', r'%LOCALAPPDATA%\Chromium\Application\chrome.exe'),
('brave', r'C:\Program Files\BraveSoftware\Brave-Browser\Application\brave.exe'),
('brave', r'C:\Program Files (x86)\BraveSoftware\Brave-Browser\Application\brave.exe'),
('msedge', r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe'),
('msedge', r'C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe'),
('msedge', r'%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe'),
('chromium', f'{playwright_path}\\chromium_headless_shell-*\\chrome-win\\chrome.exe'),
]
else:
all_patterns = []
# Map channel enum values to browser group tags
_channel_to_group: dict[BrowserChannel, str] = {
BrowserChannel.CHROME: 'chrome',
BrowserChannel.CHROME_BETA: 'chrome-beta',
BrowserChannel.CHROME_DEV: 'chrome-dev',
BrowserChannel.CHROME_CANARY: 'chrome-canary',
BrowserChannel.CHROMIUM: 'chromium',
BrowserChannel.MSEDGE: 'msedge',
BrowserChannel.MSEDGE_BETA: 'msedge',
BrowserChannel.MSEDGE_DEV: 'msedge',
BrowserChannel.MSEDGE_CANARY: 'msedge',
}
# If a non-default channel is specified, put matching patterns first, then the rest as fallback
if channel and channel != BROWSERUSE_DEFAULT_CHANNEL and channel in _channel_to_group:
target_group = _channel_to_group[channel]
prioritized = [p for g, p in all_patterns if g == target_group]
rest = [p for g, p in all_patterns if g != target_group]
patterns = prioritized + rest
else:
patterns = [p for _, p in all_patterns]
for pattern in patterns:
# Expand user home directory
expanded_pattern = Path(pattern).expanduser()
# Handle Windows environment variables
if system == 'Windows':
pattern_str = str(expanded_pattern)
for env_var in ['%LOCALAPPDATA%', '%PROGRAMFILES%', '%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%']:
if env_var in pattern_str:
env_key = env_var.strip('%').replace('(X86)', ' (x86)')
env_value = os.environ.get(env_key, '')
if env_value:
pattern_str = pattern_str.replace(env_var, env_value)
expanded_pattern = Path(pattern_str)
# Convert to string for glob
pattern_str = str(expanded_pattern)
# Check if pattern contains wildcards
if '*' in pattern_str:
# Use glob to expand the pattern
matches = glob.glob(pattern_str)
if matches:
# Sort matches and take the last one (alphanumerically highest version)
matches.sort()
browser_path = matches[-1]
if Path(browser_path).exists() and Path(browser_path).is_file():
return browser_path
else:
# Direct path check
if expanded_pattern.exists() and expanded_pattern.is_file():
return str(expanded_pattern)
return None
async def _install_browser_with_playwright(self) -> str:
"""Get browser executable path from playwright in a subprocess to avoid thread issues."""
import platform
# Build command - only use --with-deps on Linux (it fails on Windows/macOS)
cmd = ['uvx', 'playwright', 'install', 'chrome']
if platform.system() == 'Linux':
cmd.append('--with-deps')
# Run in subprocess with timeout
process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
*cmd,
stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
)
try:
stdout, stderr = await asyncio.wait_for(process.communicate(), timeout=60.0)
self.logger.debug(f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] 📦 Playwright install output: {stdout}')
browser_path = self._find_installed_browser_path()
if browser_path:
return browser_path
self.logger.error(f'[LocalBrowserWatchdog] ❌ Playwright local browser installation error: \n{stdout}\n{stderr}')
raise RuntimeError('No local browser path found after: uvx playwright install chrome')
except TimeoutError:
# Kill the subprocess if it times out
process.kill()
await process.wait()
raise RuntimeError('Timeout getting browser path from playwright')
except Exception as e:
# Make sure subprocess is terminated
if process.returncode is None:
process.kill()
await process.wait()
raise RuntimeError(f'Error getting browser path: {e}')
@staticmethod
def _find_free_port() -> int:
"""Find a free port for the debugging interface."""
import socket
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
s.listen(1)
port = s.getsockname()[1]
return port
@staticmethod
async def _wait_for_cdp_url(port: int, timeout: float = 30) -> str:
"""Wait for the browser to start and return the CDP URL."""
import aiohttp
start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
while asyncio.get_event_loop().time() - start_time < timeout:
try:
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(f'http://127.0.0.1:{port}/json/version') as resp:
if resp.status == 200:
# Chrome is ready
return f'http://127.0.0.1:{port}/'
else:
# Chrome is starting up and returning 502/500 errors
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
except Exception:
# Connection error - Chrome might not be ready yet
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
raise TimeoutError(f'Browser did not start within {timeout} seconds')
@staticmethod
async def _cleanup_process(process: psutil.Process) -> None:
"""Clean up browser process.
Args:
process: psutil.Process to terminate
"""
if not process:
return
try:
# Try graceful shutdown first
process.terminate()
# Use async wait instead of blocking wait
for _ in range(50): # Wait up to 5 seconds (50 * 0.1)
if not process.is_running():
return
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
# If still running after 5 seconds, force kill
if process.is_running():
process.kill()
# Give it a moment to die
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
# Process already gone
pass
except Exception:
# Ignore any other errors during cleanup
pass
def _cleanup_temp_dir(self, temp_dir: Path | str) -> None:
"""Clean up temporary directory.
Args:
temp_dir: Path to temporary directory to remove
"""
if not temp_dir:
return
try:
temp_path = Path(temp_dir)
# Only remove if it's actually a temp directory we created
if 'browseruse-tmp-' in str(temp_path):
shutil.rmtree(temp_path, ignore_errors=True)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to cleanup temp dir {temp_dir}: {e}')
@property
def browser_pid(self) -> int | None:
"""Get the browser process ID."""
if self._subprocess:
return self._subprocess.pid
return None
@staticmethod
async def get_browser_pid_via_cdp(browser) -> int | None:
"""Get the browser process ID via CDP SystemInfo.getProcessInfo.
Args:
browser: Playwright Browser instance
Returns:
Process ID or None if failed
"""
try:
cdp_session = await browser.new_browser_cdp_session()
result = await cdp_session.send('SystemInfo.getProcessInfo')
process_info = result.get('processInfo', {})
pid = process_info.get('id')
await cdp_session.detach()
return pid
except Exception:
# If we can't get PID via CDP, it's not critical
return None

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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
"""Permissions watchdog for granting browser permissions on connection."""
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from browser_use.browser.events import BrowserConnectedEvent
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
if TYPE_CHECKING:
pass
class PermissionsWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Grants browser permissions when browser connects."""
# Event contracts
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
BrowserConnectedEvent,
]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = []
async def on_BrowserConnectedEvent(self, event: BrowserConnectedEvent) -> None:
"""Grant permissions when browser connects."""
permissions = self.browser_session.browser_profile.permissions
if not permissions:
self.logger.debug('No permissions to grant')
return
self.logger.debug(f'🔓 Granting browser permissions: {permissions}')
try:
# Grant permissions using CDP Browser.grantPermissions
# origin=None means grant to all origins
# Browser domain commands don't use session_id
await self.browser_session.cdp_client.send.Browser.grantPermissions(
params={'permissions': permissions} # type: ignore
)
self.logger.debug(f'✅ Successfully granted permissions: {permissions}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'❌ Failed to grant permissions: {str(e)}')
# Don't raise - permissions are not critical to browser operation

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"""Watchdog for handling JavaScript dialogs (alert, confirm, prompt) automatically."""
import asyncio
from typing import ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from pydantic import PrivateAttr
from browser_use.browser.events import TabCreatedEvent
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
class PopupsWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Handles JavaScript dialogs (alert, confirm, prompt) by automatically accepting them immediately."""
# Events this watchdog listens to and emits
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [TabCreatedEvent]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = []
# Track which targets have dialog handlers registered
_dialog_listeners_registered: set[str] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=set)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.logger.debug(f'🚀 PopupsWatchdog initialized with browser_session={self.browser_session}, ID={id(self)}')
async def on_TabCreatedEvent(self, event: TabCreatedEvent) -> None:
"""Set up JavaScript dialog handling when a new tab is created."""
target_id = event.target_id
self.logger.debug(f'🎯 PopupsWatchdog received TabCreatedEvent for target {target_id}')
# Skip if we've already registered for this target
if target_id in self._dialog_listeners_registered:
self.logger.debug(f'Already registered dialog handlers for target {target_id}')
return
self.logger.debug(f'📌 Starting dialog handler setup for target {target_id}')
try:
# Get all CDP sessions for this target and any child frames
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(
target_id, focus=False
) # don't auto-focus new tabs! sometimes we need to open tabs in background
# CRITICAL: Enable Page domain to receive dialog events
try:
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.enable(session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
self.logger.debug(f'✅ Enabled Page domain for session {cdp_session.session_id[-8:]}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to enable Page domain: {e}')
# Also register for the root CDP client to catch dialogs from any frame
if self.browser_session._cdp_client_root:
self.logger.debug('📌 Also registering handler on root CDP client')
try:
# Enable Page domain on root client too
await self.browser_session._cdp_client_root.send.Page.enable()
self.logger.debug('✅ Enabled Page domain on root CDP client')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to enable Page domain on root: {e}')
# Set up async handler for JavaScript dialogs - accept immediately without event dispatch
async def handle_dialog(event_data, session_id: str | None = None):
"""Handle JavaScript dialog events - accept immediately."""
try:
dialog_type = event_data.get('type', 'alert')
message = event_data.get('message', '')
# Store the popup message in browser session for inclusion in browser state
if message:
formatted_message = f'[{dialog_type}] {message}'
self.browser_session._closed_popup_messages.append(formatted_message)
self.logger.debug(f'📝 Stored popup message: {formatted_message[:100]}')
# Choose action based on dialog type:
# - alert: accept=true (click OK to dismiss)
# - confirm: accept=true (click OK to proceed - safer for automation)
# - prompt: accept=false (click Cancel since we can't provide input)
# - beforeunload: accept=true (allow navigation)
should_accept = dialog_type in ('alert', 'confirm', 'beforeunload')
action_str = 'accepting (OK)' if should_accept else 'dismissing (Cancel)'
self.logger.info(f"🔔 JavaScript {dialog_type} dialog: '{message[:100]}' - {action_str}...")
dismissed = False
# Approach 1: Use the session that detected the dialog (most reliable)
if self.browser_session._cdp_client_root and session_id:
try:
self.logger.debug(f'🔄 Approach 1: Using detecting session {session_id[-8:]}')
await asyncio.wait_for(
self.browser_session._cdp_client_root.send.Page.handleJavaScriptDialog(
params={'accept': should_accept},
session_id=session_id,
),
timeout=0.5,
)
dismissed = True
self.logger.info('✅ Dialog handled successfully via detecting session')
except (TimeoutError, Exception) as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Approach 1 failed: {type(e).__name__}')
# Approach 2: Try with current agent focus session
if not dismissed and self.browser_session._cdp_client_root and self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id:
try:
# Use public API with focus=False to avoid changing focus during popup dismissal
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(
self.browser_session.agent_focus_target_id, focus=False
)
self.logger.debug(f'🔄 Approach 2: Using agent focus session {cdp_session.session_id[-8:]}')
await asyncio.wait_for(
self.browser_session._cdp_client_root.send.Page.handleJavaScriptDialog(
params={'accept': should_accept},
session_id=cdp_session.session_id,
),
timeout=0.5,
)
dismissed = True
self.logger.info('✅ Dialog handled successfully via agent focus session')
except (TimeoutError, Exception) as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Approach 2 failed: {type(e).__name__}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'❌ Critical error in dialog handler: {type(e).__name__}: {e}')
# Register handler on the specific session
cdp_session.cdp_client.register.Page.javascriptDialogOpening(handle_dialog) # type: ignore[arg-type]
self.logger.debug(
f'Successfully registered Page.javascriptDialogOpening handler for session {cdp_session.session_id}'
)
# Also register on root CDP client to catch dialogs from any frame
if hasattr(self.browser_session._cdp_client_root, 'register'):
try:
self.browser_session._cdp_client_root.register.Page.javascriptDialogOpening(handle_dialog) # type: ignore[arg-type]
self.logger.debug('Successfully registered dialog handler on root CDP client for all frames')
except Exception as root_error:
self.logger.warning(f'Failed to register on root CDP client: {root_error}')
# Mark this target as having dialog handling set up
self._dialog_listeners_registered.add(target_id)
self.logger.debug(f'Set up JavaScript dialog handling for tab {target_id}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'Failed to set up popup handling for tab {target_id}: {e}')

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"""Recording Watchdog for Browser Use Sessions."""
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.page.events import ScreencastFrameEvent
from pydantic import PrivateAttr
from uuid_extensions import uuid7str
from browser_use.browser.events import AgentFocusChangedEvent, BrowserConnectedEvent, BrowserStopEvent
from browser_use.browser.profile import ViewportSize
from browser_use.browser.video_recorder import VideoRecorderService
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
from browser_use.utils import create_task_with_error_handling
class RecordingWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""
Manages video recording of a browser session using CDP screencasting.
"""
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [BrowserConnectedEvent, BrowserStopEvent, AgentFocusChangedEvent]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = []
_recorder: VideoRecorderService | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
_current_session_id: str | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
_screencast_params: dict[str, Any] | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
async def on_BrowserConnectedEvent(self, event: BrowserConnectedEvent) -> None:
"""
Starts video recording if it is configured in the browser profile.
"""
profile = self.browser_session.browser_profile
if not profile.record_video_dir:
return
# Dynamically determine video size
size = profile.record_video_size
if not size:
self.logger.debug('record_video_size not specified, detecting viewport size...')
size = await self._get_current_viewport_size()
if not size:
self.logger.warning('Cannot start video recording: viewport size could not be determined.')
return
video_format = getattr(profile, 'record_video_format', 'mp4').strip('.')
output_path = Path(profile.record_video_dir) / f'{uuid7str()}.{video_format}'
self.logger.debug(f'Initializing video recorder for format: {video_format}')
self._recorder = VideoRecorderService(output_path=output_path, size=size, framerate=profile.record_video_framerate)
self._recorder.start()
if not self._recorder._is_active:
self._recorder = None
return
self.browser_session.cdp_client.register.Page.screencastFrame(self.on_screencastFrame)
self._screencast_params = {
'format': 'png',
'quality': 90,
'maxWidth': size['width'],
'maxHeight': size['height'],
'everyNthFrame': 1,
}
await self._start_screencast()
async def on_AgentFocusChangedEvent(self, event: AgentFocusChangedEvent) -> None:
"""
Switches video recording to the new tab.
"""
if self._recorder:
self.logger.debug(f'Agent focus changed to {event.target_id}, switching screencast...')
await self._start_screencast()
async def _start_screencast(self) -> None:
"""Starts screencast on the currently focused tab."""
if not self._recorder or not self._screencast_params:
return
try:
# Get the current session (for the focused target)
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session()
# If we are already recording this session, do nothing
if self._current_session_id == cdp_session.session_id:
return
# Stop recording on the previous session
if self._current_session_id:
try:
# Use the root client to stop screencast on the specific session
await self.browser_session.cdp_client.send.Page.stopScreencast(session_id=self._current_session_id)
except Exception as e:
# It's possible the session is already closed
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to stop screencast on old session {self._current_session_id}: {e}')
self._current_session_id = cdp_session.session_id
# Start recording on the new session
await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.startScreencast(
params=self._screencast_params, # type: ignore
session_id=cdp_session.session_id,
)
self.logger.info(f'📹 Started/Switched video recording to target {cdp_session.target_id}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'Failed to switch screencast via CDP: {e}')
# If we fail to start on the new tab, we reset current session id
self._current_session_id = None
async def _get_current_viewport_size(self) -> ViewportSize | None:
"""Gets the current viewport size directly from the browser via CDP."""
try:
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session()
metrics = await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.getLayoutMetrics(session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
# Use cssVisualViewport for the most accurate representation of the visible area
viewport = metrics.get('cssVisualViewport', {})
width = viewport.get('clientWidth')
height = viewport.get('clientHeight')
if width and height:
self.logger.debug(f'Detected viewport size: {width}x{height}')
return ViewportSize(width=int(width), height=int(height))
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'Failed to get viewport size from browser: {e}')
return None
def on_screencastFrame(self, event: ScreencastFrameEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
"""
Synchronous handler for incoming screencast frames.
"""
# Only process frames from the current session we intend to record
# This handles race conditions where old session might still send frames before stop completes
if self._current_session_id and session_id != self._current_session_id:
return
if not self._recorder:
return
self._recorder.add_frame(event['data'])
create_task_with_error_handling(
self._ack_screencast_frame(event, session_id),
name='ack_screencast_frame',
logger_instance=self.logger,
suppress_exceptions=True,
)
async def _ack_screencast_frame(self, event: ScreencastFrameEvent, session_id: str | None) -> None:
"""
Asynchronously acknowledges a screencast frame.
"""
try:
await self.browser_session.cdp_client.send.Page.screencastFrameAck(
params={'sessionId': event['sessionId']}, session_id=session_id
)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'Failed to acknowledge screencast frame: {e}')
async def on_BrowserStopEvent(self, event: BrowserStopEvent) -> None:
"""
Stops the video recording and finalizes the video file.
"""
if self._recorder:
recorder = self._recorder
self._recorder = None
self._current_session_id = None
self._screencast_params = None
self.logger.debug('Stopping video recording and saving file...')
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
await loop.run_in_executor(None, recorder.stop_and_save)

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"""Screenshot watchdog for handling screenshot requests using CDP."""
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.page import CaptureScreenshotParameters
from browser_use.browser.events import ScreenshotEvent
from browser_use.browser.views import BrowserError
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
from browser_use.observability import observe_debug
if TYPE_CHECKING:
pass
class ScreenshotWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Handles screenshot requests using CDP."""
# Events this watchdog listens to
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent[Any]]]] = [ScreenshotEvent]
# Events this watchdog emits
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent[Any]]]] = []
@observe_debug(ignore_input=True, ignore_output=True, name='screenshot_event_handler')
async def on_ScreenshotEvent(self, event: ScreenshotEvent) -> str:
"""Handle screenshot request using CDP.
Args:
event: ScreenshotEvent with optional full_page and clip parameters
Returns:
Dict with 'screenshot' key containing base64-encoded screenshot or None
"""
self.logger.debug('[ScreenshotWatchdog] Handler START - on_ScreenshotEvent called')
try:
# Validate focused target is a top-level page (not iframe/worker)
# CDP Page.captureScreenshot only works on page/tab targets
focused_target = self.browser_session.get_focused_target()
if focused_target and focused_target.target_type in ('page', 'tab'):
target_id = focused_target.target_id
else:
# Focused target is iframe/worker/missing - fall back to any page target
target_type_str = focused_target.target_type if focused_target else 'None'
self.logger.warning(f'[ScreenshotWatchdog] Focused target is {target_type_str}, falling back to page target')
page_targets = self.browser_session.get_page_targets()
if not page_targets:
raise BrowserError('[ScreenshotWatchdog] No page targets available for screenshot')
target_id = page_targets[-1].target_id
cdp_session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id, focus=True)
# Remove highlights BEFORE taking the screenshot so they don't appear in the image.
# Done here (not in finally) so CancelledError is never swallowed — any await in a
# finally block can suppress external task cancellation.
# remove_highlights() has its own asyncio.timeout(3.0) internally so it won't block.
try:
await self.browser_session.remove_highlights()
except Exception:
pass
# Prepare screenshot parameters
params_dict: dict[str, Any] = {'format': 'png', 'captureBeyondViewport': event.full_page}
if event.clip:
params_dict['clip'] = {
'x': event.clip['x'],
'y': event.clip['y'],
'width': event.clip['width'],
'height': event.clip['height'],
'scale': 1,
}
params = CaptureScreenshotParameters(**params_dict)
# Take screenshot using CDP
self.logger.debug(f'[ScreenshotWatchdog] Taking screenshot with params: {params}')
result = await cdp_session.cdp_client.send.Page.captureScreenshot(params=params, session_id=cdp_session.session_id)
# Return base64-encoded screenshot data
if result and 'data' in result:
self.logger.debug('[ScreenshotWatchdog] Screenshot captured successfully')
return result['data']
raise BrowserError('[ScreenshotWatchdog] Screenshot result missing data')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[ScreenshotWatchdog] Screenshot failed: {e}')
raise

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"""Security watchdog for enforcing URL access policies."""
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from browser_use.browser.events import (
BrowserErrorEvent,
NavigateToUrlEvent,
NavigationCompleteEvent,
TabCreatedEvent,
)
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
if TYPE_CHECKING:
pass
# Track if we've shown the glob warning
_GLOB_WARNING_SHOWN = False
class SecurityWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Monitors and enforces security policies for URL access."""
# Event contracts
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
NavigateToUrlEvent,
NavigationCompleteEvent,
TabCreatedEvent,
]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
BrowserErrorEvent,
]
async def on_NavigateToUrlEvent(self, event: NavigateToUrlEvent) -> None:
"""Check if navigation URL is allowed before navigation starts."""
# Security check BEFORE navigation
if not self._is_url_allowed(event.url):
self.logger.warning(f'⛔️ Blocking navigation to disallowed URL: {event.url}')
self.event_bus.dispatch(
BrowserErrorEvent(
error_type='NavigationBlocked',
message=f'Navigation blocked to disallowed URL: {event.url}',
details={'url': event.url, 'reason': 'not_in_allowed_domains'},
)
)
# Stop event propagation by raising exception
raise ValueError(f'Navigation to {event.url} blocked by security policy')
async def on_NavigationCompleteEvent(self, event: NavigationCompleteEvent) -> None:
"""Check if navigated URL is allowed (catches redirects to blocked domains)."""
# Check if the navigated URL is allowed (in case of redirects)
if not self._is_url_allowed(event.url):
self.logger.warning(f'⛔️ Navigation to non-allowed URL detected: {event.url}')
# Dispatch browser error
self.event_bus.dispatch(
BrowserErrorEvent(
error_type='NavigationBlocked',
message=f'Navigation blocked to non-allowed URL: {event.url} - redirecting to about:blank',
details={'url': event.url, 'target_id': event.target_id},
)
)
# Navigate to about:blank to keep session alive
# Agent will see the error and can continue with other tasks
try:
session = await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id=event.target_id)
await session.cdp_client.send.Page.navigate(params={'url': 'about:blank'}, session_id=session.session_id)
self.logger.info(f'⛔️ Navigated to about:blank after blocked URL: {event.url}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'⛔️ Failed to navigate to about:blank: {type(e).__name__} {e}')
async def on_TabCreatedEvent(self, event: TabCreatedEvent) -> None:
"""Check if new tab URL is allowed."""
if not self._is_url_allowed(event.url):
self.logger.warning(f'⛔️ New tab created with disallowed URL: {event.url}')
# Dispatch error and try to close the tab
self.event_bus.dispatch(
BrowserErrorEvent(
error_type='TabCreationBlocked',
message=f'Tab created with non-allowed URL: {event.url}',
details={'url': event.url, 'target_id': event.target_id},
)
)
# Try to close the offending tab
try:
await self.browser_session._cdp_close_page(event.target_id)
self.logger.info(f'⛔️ Closed new tab with non-allowed URL: {event.url}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'⛔️ Failed to close new tab with non-allowed URL: {type(e).__name__} {e}')
def _is_root_domain(self, domain: str) -> bool:
"""Check if a domain is a root domain (no subdomain present).
Simple heuristic: only add www for domains with exactly 1 dot (domain.tld).
For complex cases like country TLDs or subdomains, users should configure explicitly.
Args:
domain: The domain to check
Returns:
True if it's a simple root domain, False otherwise
"""
# Skip if it contains wildcards or protocol
if '*' in domain or '://' in domain:
return False
return domain.count('.') == 1
def _log_glob_warning(self) -> None:
"""Log a warning about glob patterns in allowed_domains."""
global _GLOB_WARNING_SHOWN
if not _GLOB_WARNING_SHOWN:
_GLOB_WARNING_SHOWN = True
self.logger.warning(
'⚠️ Using glob patterns in allowed_domains. '
'Note: Patterns like "*.example.com" will match both subdomains AND the main domain.'
)
def _get_domain_variants(self, host: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
"""Get both variants of a domain (with and without www prefix).
Args:
host: The hostname to process
Returns:
Tuple of (original_host, variant_host)
- If host starts with www., variant is without www.
- Otherwise, variant is with www. prefix
"""
if host.startswith('www.'):
return (host, host[4:]) # ('www.example.com', 'example.com')
else:
return (host, f'www.{host}') # ('example.com', 'www.example.com')
def _is_ip_address(self, host: str) -> bool:
"""Check if a hostname is an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6).
Args:
host: The hostname to check
Returns:
True if the host is an IP address, False otherwise
"""
import ipaddress
try:
# Try to parse as IP address (handles both IPv4 and IPv6)
ipaddress.ip_address(host)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
except Exception:
return False
def _is_url_allowed(self, url: str) -> bool:
"""Check if a URL is allowed based on the allowed_domains configuration.
Args:
url: The URL to check
Returns:
True if the URL is allowed, False otherwise
"""
# Always allow internal browser targets (before any other checks)
if url in ['about:blank', 'chrome://new-tab-page/', 'chrome://new-tab-page', 'chrome://newtab/']:
return True
# Parse the URL to extract components
from urllib.parse import urlparse
try:
parsed = urlparse(url)
except Exception:
# Invalid URL
return False
# Allow data: and blob: URLs (they don't have hostnames)
if parsed.scheme in ['data', 'blob']:
return True
# Get the actual host (domain)
host = parsed.hostname
if not host:
return False
# Check if IP addresses should be blocked (before domain checks)
if self.browser_session.browser_profile.block_ip_addresses:
if self._is_ip_address(host):
return False
# If no allowed_domains specified, allow all URLs
if (
not self.browser_session.browser_profile.allowed_domains
and not self.browser_session.browser_profile.prohibited_domains
):
return True
# Check allowed domains (fast path for sets, slow path for lists with patterns)
if self.browser_session.browser_profile.allowed_domains:
allowed_domains = self.browser_session.browser_profile.allowed_domains
if isinstance(allowed_domains, set):
# Fast path: O(1) exact hostname match - check both www and non-www variants
host_variant, host_alt = self._get_domain_variants(host)
return host_variant in allowed_domains or host_alt in allowed_domains
else:
# Slow path: O(n) pattern matching for lists
for pattern in allowed_domains:
if self._is_url_match(url, host, parsed.scheme, pattern):
return True
return False
# Check prohibited domains (fast path for sets, slow path for lists with patterns)
if self.browser_session.browser_profile.prohibited_domains:
prohibited_domains = self.browser_session.browser_profile.prohibited_domains
if isinstance(prohibited_domains, set):
# Fast path: O(1) exact hostname match - check both www and non-www variants
host_variant, host_alt = self._get_domain_variants(host)
return host_variant not in prohibited_domains and host_alt not in prohibited_domains
else:
# Slow path: O(n) pattern matching for lists
for pattern in prohibited_domains:
if self._is_url_match(url, host, parsed.scheme, pattern):
return False
return True
return True
def _is_url_match(self, url: str, host: str, scheme: str, pattern: str) -> bool:
"""Check if a URL matches a pattern."""
# Full URL for matching (scheme + host)
full_url_pattern = f'{scheme}://{host}'
# Handle glob patterns
if '*' in pattern:
self._log_glob_warning()
import fnmatch
# Check if pattern matches the host
if pattern.startswith('*.'):
# Pattern like *.example.com should match subdomains and main domain
domain_part = pattern[2:] # Remove *.
if host == domain_part or host.endswith('.' + domain_part):
# Only match http/https URLs for domain-only patterns
if scheme in ['http', 'https']:
return True
elif pattern.endswith('/*'):
# Pattern like brave://* or http*://example.com/*
if fnmatch.fnmatch(url, pattern):
return True
else:
# Use fnmatch for other glob patterns
if fnmatch.fnmatch(
full_url_pattern if '://' in pattern else host,
pattern,
):
return True
else:
# Exact match
if '://' in pattern:
# Full URL pattern
if url.startswith(pattern):
return True
else:
# Domain-only pattern (case-insensitive comparison)
if host.lower() == pattern.lower():
return True
# If pattern is a root domain, also check www subdomain
if self._is_root_domain(pattern) and host.lower() == f'www.{pattern.lower()}':
return True
return False

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"""Storage state watchdog for managing browser cookies and storage persistence."""
import asyncio
import json
import os
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, ClassVar
from bubus import BaseEvent
from cdp_use.cdp.network import Cookie
from pydantic import Field, PrivateAttr
from browser_use.browser.events import (
BrowserConnectedEvent,
BrowserStopEvent,
LoadStorageStateEvent,
SaveStorageStateEvent,
StorageStateLoadedEvent,
StorageStateSavedEvent,
)
from browser_use.browser.watchdog_base import BaseWatchdog
from browser_use.utils import create_task_with_error_handling
class StorageStateWatchdog(BaseWatchdog):
"""Monitors and persists browser storage state including cookies and localStorage."""
# Event contracts
LISTENS_TO: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
BrowserConnectedEvent,
BrowserStopEvent,
SaveStorageStateEvent,
LoadStorageStateEvent,
]
EMITS: ClassVar[list[type[BaseEvent]]] = [
StorageStateSavedEvent,
StorageStateLoadedEvent,
]
# Configuration
auto_save_interval: float = Field(default=30.0) # Auto-save every 30 seconds
save_on_change: bool = Field(default=True) # Save immediately when cookies change
# Private state
_monitoring_task: asyncio.Task | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
_last_cookie_state: list[dict] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=list)
_save_lock: asyncio.Lock = PrivateAttr(default_factory=asyncio.Lock)
async def on_BrowserConnectedEvent(self, event: BrowserConnectedEvent) -> None:
"""Start monitoring when browser starts."""
self.logger.debug('[StorageStateWatchdog] 🍪 Initializing auth/cookies sync <-> with storage_state.json file')
# Start monitoring
await self._start_monitoring()
# Automatically load storage state after browser start
await self.event_bus.dispatch(LoadStorageStateEvent())
async def on_BrowserStopEvent(self, event: BrowserStopEvent) -> None:
"""Stop monitoring when browser stops."""
self.logger.debug('[StorageStateWatchdog] Stopping storage_state monitoring')
await self._stop_monitoring()
async def on_SaveStorageStateEvent(self, event: SaveStorageStateEvent) -> None:
"""Handle storage state save request."""
# Use provided path or fall back to profile default
path = event.path
if path is None:
# Use profile default path if available
if self.browser_session.browser_profile.storage_state:
path = str(self.browser_session.browser_profile.storage_state)
else:
path = None # Skip saving if no path available
await self._save_storage_state(path)
async def on_LoadStorageStateEvent(self, event: LoadStorageStateEvent) -> None:
"""Handle storage state load request."""
# Use provided path or fall back to profile default
path = event.path
if path is None:
# Use profile default path if available
if self.browser_session.browser_profile.storage_state:
path = str(self.browser_session.browser_profile.storage_state)
else:
path = None # Skip loading if no path available
await self._load_storage_state(path)
async def _start_monitoring(self) -> None:
"""Start the monitoring task."""
if self._monitoring_task and not self._monitoring_task.done():
return
assert self.browser_session.cdp_client is not None
self._monitoring_task = create_task_with_error_handling(
self._monitor_storage_changes(), name='monitor_storage_changes', logger_instance=self.logger, suppress_exceptions=True
)
# self.logger'[StorageStateWatchdog] Started storage monitoring task')
async def _stop_monitoring(self) -> None:
"""Stop the monitoring task."""
if self._monitoring_task and not self._monitoring_task.done():
self._monitoring_task.cancel()
try:
await self._monitoring_task
except asyncio.CancelledError:
pass
# self.logger.debug('[StorageStateWatchdog] Stopped storage monitoring task')
async def _check_for_cookie_changes_cdp(self, event: dict) -> None:
"""Check if a CDP network event indicates cookie changes.
This would be called by Network.responseReceivedExtraInfo events
if we set up CDP event listeners.
"""
try:
# Check for Set-Cookie headers in the response
headers = event.get('headers', {})
if 'set-cookie' in headers or 'Set-Cookie' in headers:
self.logger.debug('[StorageStateWatchdog] Cookie change detected via CDP')
# If save on change is enabled, trigger save immediately
if self.save_on_change:
await self._save_storage_state()
except Exception as e:
self.logger.warning(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Error checking for cookie changes: {e}')
async def _monitor_storage_changes(self) -> None:
"""Periodically check for storage changes and auto-save."""
while True:
try:
await asyncio.sleep(self.auto_save_interval)
# Check if cookies have changed
if await self._have_cookies_changed():
self.logger.debug('[StorageStateWatchdog] Detected changes to sync with storage_state.json')
await self._save_storage_state()
except asyncio.CancelledError:
break
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Error in monitoring loop: {e}')
async def _have_cookies_changed(self) -> bool:
"""Check if cookies have changed since last save."""
if not self.browser_session.cdp_client:
return False
try:
# Get current cookies using CDP
current_cookies = await self.browser_session._cdp_get_cookies()
# Convert to comparable format, using .get() for optional fields
current_cookie_set = {
(c.get('name', ''), c.get('domain', ''), c.get('path', '')): c.get('value', '') for c in current_cookies
}
last_cookie_set = {
(c.get('name', ''), c.get('domain', ''), c.get('path', '')): c.get('value', '') for c in self._last_cookie_state
}
return current_cookie_set != last_cookie_set
except Exception as e:
self.logger.debug(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Error comparing cookies: {e}')
return False
async def _save_storage_state(self, path: str | None = None) -> None:
"""Save browser storage state to file."""
async with self._save_lock:
# Check if CDP client is available
assert await self.browser_session.get_or_create_cdp_session(target_id=None)
save_path = path or self.browser_session.browser_profile.storage_state
if not save_path:
return
# Skip saving if the storage state is already a dict (indicates it was loaded from memory)
# We only save to file if it started as a file path
if isinstance(save_path, dict):
self.logger.debug('[StorageStateWatchdog] Storage state is already a dict, skipping file save')
return
try:
# Get current storage state using CDP
storage_state = await self.browser_session._cdp_get_storage_state()
# Update our last known state
self._last_cookie_state = storage_state.get('cookies', []).copy()
# Convert path to Path object
json_path = Path(save_path).expanduser().resolve()
json_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# Merge with existing state if file exists
merged_state = storage_state
if json_path.exists():
try:
existing_state = json.loads(json_path.read_text())
merged_state = self._merge_storage_states(existing_state, dict(storage_state))
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Failed to merge with existing state: {e}')
# Write atomically
temp_path = json_path.with_suffix('.json.tmp')
temp_path.write_text(json.dumps(merged_state, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
# Backup existing file
if json_path.exists():
backup_path = json_path.with_suffix('.json.bak')
json_path.replace(backup_path)
# Move temp to final
temp_path.replace(json_path)
# Emit success event
self.event_bus.dispatch(
StorageStateSavedEvent(
path=str(json_path),
cookies_count=len(merged_state.get('cookies', [])),
origins_count=len(merged_state.get('origins', [])),
)
)
self.logger.debug(
f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Saved storage state to {json_path} '
f'({len(merged_state.get("cookies", []))} cookies, '
f'{len(merged_state.get("origins", []))} origins)'
)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Failed to save storage state: {e}')
async def _load_storage_state(self, path: str | None = None) -> None:
"""Load browser storage state from file."""
if not self.browser_session.cdp_client:
self.logger.warning('[StorageStateWatchdog] No CDP client available for loading')
return
load_path = path or self.browser_session.browser_profile.storage_state
if not load_path or not os.path.exists(str(load_path)):
return
try:
# Read the storage state file asynchronously
import anyio
content = await anyio.Path(str(load_path)).read_text()
storage = json.loads(content)
# Apply cookies if present
if 'cookies' in storage and storage['cookies']:
# Playwright exports session cookies with expires=0/-1. CDP treats expires=0 as expired.
# Normalize session cookies by omitting expires
normalized_cookies: list[Cookie] = []
for cookie in storage['cookies']:
if not isinstance(cookie, dict):
normalized_cookies.append(cookie) # type: ignore[arg-type]
continue
c = dict(cookie)
expires = c.get('expires')
if expires in (0, 0.0, -1, -1.0):
c.pop('expires', None)
normalized_cookies.append(Cookie(**c))
await self.browser_session._cdp_set_cookies(normalized_cookies)
self._last_cookie_state = storage['cookies'].copy()
self.logger.debug(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Added {len(storage["cookies"])} cookies from storage state')
# Apply origins (localStorage/sessionStorage) if present
if 'origins' in storage and storage['origins']:
for origin in storage['origins']:
origin_value = origin.get('origin')
if not origin_value:
continue
# Scope storage restoration to its origin to avoid cross-site pollution.
if origin.get('localStorage'):
lines = []
for item in origin['localStorage']:
lines.append(f'window.localStorage.setItem({json.dumps(item["name"])}, {json.dumps(item["value"])});')
script = (
'(function(){\n'
f' if (window.location && window.location.origin !== {json.dumps(origin_value)}) return;\n'
' try {\n'
f' {" ".join(lines)}\n'
' } catch (e) {}\n'
'})();'
)
await self.browser_session._cdp_add_init_script(script)
if origin.get('sessionStorage'):
lines = []
for item in origin['sessionStorage']:
lines.append(
f'window.sessionStorage.setItem({json.dumps(item["name"])}, {json.dumps(item["value"])});'
)
script = (
'(function(){\n'
f' if (window.location && window.location.origin !== {json.dumps(origin_value)}) return;\n'
' try {\n'
f' {" ".join(lines)}\n'
' } catch (e) {}\n'
'})();'
)
await self.browser_session._cdp_add_init_script(script)
self.logger.debug(
f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Applied localStorage/sessionStorage from {len(storage["origins"])} origins'
)
self.event_bus.dispatch(
StorageStateLoadedEvent(
path=str(load_path),
cookies_count=len(storage.get('cookies', [])),
origins_count=len(storage.get('origins', [])),
)
)
self.logger.debug(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Loaded storage state from: {load_path}')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Failed to load storage state: {e}')
@staticmethod
def _merge_storage_states(existing: dict[str, Any], new: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Merge two storage states, with new values taking precedence."""
merged = existing.copy()
# Merge cookies
existing_cookies = {(c['name'], c['domain'], c['path']): c for c in existing.get('cookies', [])}
for cookie in new.get('cookies', []):
key = (cookie['name'], cookie['domain'], cookie['path'])
existing_cookies[key] = cookie
merged['cookies'] = list(existing_cookies.values())
# Merge origins
existing_origins = {origin['origin']: origin for origin in existing.get('origins', [])}
for origin in new.get('origins', []):
existing_origins[origin['origin']] = origin
merged['origins'] = list(existing_origins.values())
return merged
async def get_current_cookies(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
"""Get current cookies using CDP."""
if not self.browser_session.cdp_client:
return []
try:
cookies = await self.browser_session._cdp_get_cookies()
# Cookie is a TypedDict, cast to dict for compatibility
return [dict(cookie) for cookie in cookies]
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Failed to get cookies: {e}')
return []
async def add_cookies(self, cookies: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
"""Add cookies using CDP."""
if not self.browser_session.cdp_client:
self.logger.warning('[StorageStateWatchdog] No CDP client available for adding cookies')
return
try:
# Convert dicts to Cookie objects
cookie_objects = [Cookie(**cookie_dict) if isinstance(cookie_dict, dict) else cookie_dict for cookie_dict in cookies]
# Set cookies using CDP
await self.browser_session._cdp_set_cookies(cookie_objects)
self.logger.debug(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Added {len(cookies)} cookies')
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f'[StorageStateWatchdog] Failed to add cookies: {e}')

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"""Configuration system for browser-use with automatic migration support."""
import json
import logging
import os
from datetime import datetime
from functools import cache
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from uuid import uuid4
import psutil
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@cache
def is_running_in_docker() -> bool:
"""Detect if we are running in a docker container, for the purpose of optimizing chrome launch flags (dev shm usage, gpu settings, etc.)"""
try:
if Path('/.dockerenv').exists() or 'docker' in Path('/proc/1/cgroup').read_text().lower():
return True
except Exception:
pass
try:
# if init proc (PID 1) looks like uvicorn/python/uv/etc. then we're in Docker
# if init proc (PID 1) looks like bash/systemd/init/etc. then we're probably NOT in Docker
init_cmd = ' '.join(psutil.Process(1).cmdline())
if ('py' in init_cmd) or ('uv' in init_cmd) or ('app' in init_cmd):
return True
except Exception:
pass
try:
# if less than 10 total running procs, then we're almost certainly in a container
if len(psutil.pids()) < 10:
return True
except Exception:
pass
return False
class OldConfig:
"""Original lazy-loading configuration class for environment variables."""
# Cache for directory creation tracking
_dirs_created = False
@property
def BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL', 'info').lower()
@property
def ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY(self) -> bool:
return os.getenv('ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY', 'true').lower()[:1] in 'ty1'
@property
def BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_SYNC(self) -> bool:
return os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_SYNC', str(self.ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY)).lower()[:1] in 'ty1'
@property
def BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_API_URL(self) -> str:
url = os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_API_URL', 'https://api.browser-use.com')
assert '://' in url, 'BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_API_URL must be a valid URL'
return url
@property
def BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_UI_URL(self) -> str:
url = os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_UI_URL', '')
# Allow empty string as default, only validate if set
if url and '://' not in url:
raise AssertionError('BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_UI_URL must be a valid URL if set')
return url
@property
def BROWSER_USE_MODEL_PRICING_URL(self) -> str:
url = os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_MODEL_PRICING_URL', '')
if url and '://' not in url:
raise AssertionError('BROWSER_USE_MODEL_PRICING_URL must be a valid URL if set')
return url
# Path configuration
@property
def XDG_CACHE_HOME(self) -> Path:
return Path(os.getenv('XDG_CACHE_HOME', '~/.cache')).expanduser().resolve()
@property
def XDG_CONFIG_HOME(self) -> Path:
return Path(os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', '~/.config')).expanduser().resolve()
@property
def BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR(self) -> Path:
path = Path(os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR', str(self.XDG_CONFIG_HOME / 'browseruse'))).expanduser().resolve()
self._ensure_dirs()
return path
@property
def BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_FILE(self) -> Path:
return self.BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR / 'config.json'
@property
def BROWSER_USE_PROFILES_DIR(self) -> Path:
path = self.BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR / 'profiles'
self._ensure_dirs()
return path
@property
def BROWSER_USE_DEFAULT_USER_DATA_DIR(self) -> Path:
return self.BROWSER_USE_PROFILES_DIR / 'default'
@property
def BROWSER_USE_EXTENSIONS_DIR(self) -> Path:
path = self.BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR / 'extensions'
self._ensure_dirs()
return path
def _ensure_dirs(self) -> None:
"""Create directories if they don't exist (only once)"""
if not self._dirs_created:
config_dir = (
Path(os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR', str(self.XDG_CONFIG_HOME / 'browseruse'))).expanduser().resolve()
)
config_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
(config_dir / 'profiles').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
(config_dir / 'extensions').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self._dirs_created = True
# LLM API key configuration
@property
def OPENAI_API_KEY(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY', '')
@property
def ANTHROPIC_API_KEY(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('ANTHROPIC_API_KEY', '')
@property
def GOOGLE_API_KEY(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('GOOGLE_API_KEY', '')
@property
def DEEPSEEK_API_KEY(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('DEEPSEEK_API_KEY', '')
@property
def GROK_API_KEY(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('GROK_API_KEY', '')
@property
def NOVITA_API_KEY(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('NOVITA_API_KEY', '')
@property
def AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT', '')
@property
def AZURE_OPENAI_KEY(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('AZURE_OPENAI_KEY', '')
@property
def SKIP_LLM_API_KEY_VERIFICATION(self) -> bool:
return os.getenv('SKIP_LLM_API_KEY_VERIFICATION', 'false').lower()[:1] in 'ty1'
@property
def DEFAULT_LLM(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('DEFAULT_LLM', '')
# Runtime hints
@property
def IN_DOCKER(self) -> bool:
return os.getenv('IN_DOCKER', 'false').lower()[:1] in 'ty1' or is_running_in_docker()
@property
def IS_IN_EVALS(self) -> bool:
return os.getenv('IS_IN_EVALS', 'false').lower()[:1] in 'ty1'
@property
def BROWSER_USE_VERSION_CHECK(self) -> bool:
return os.getenv('BROWSER_USE_VERSION_CHECK', 'true').lower()[:1] in 'ty1'
@property
def WIN_FONT_DIR(self) -> str:
return os.getenv('WIN_FONT_DIR', 'C:\\Windows\\Fonts')
class FlatEnvConfig(BaseSettings):
"""All environment variables in a flat namespace."""
model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_file='.env', env_file_encoding='utf-8', case_sensitive=True, extra='allow')
# Logging and telemetry
BROWSER_USE_LOGGING_LEVEL: str = Field(default='info')
CDP_LOGGING_LEVEL: str = Field(default='WARNING')
BROWSER_USE_DEBUG_LOG_FILE: str | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_INFO_LOG_FILE: str | None = Field(default=None)
ANONYMIZED_TELEMETRY: bool = Field(default=True)
BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_SYNC: bool | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_API_URL: str = Field(default='https://api.browser-use.com')
BROWSER_USE_CLOUD_UI_URL: str = Field(default='')
BROWSER_USE_MODEL_PRICING_URL: str = Field(default='')
# Path configuration
XDG_CACHE_HOME: str = Field(default='~/.cache')
XDG_CONFIG_HOME: str = Field(default='~/.config')
BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR: str | None = Field(default=None)
# LLM API keys
OPENAI_API_KEY: str = Field(default='')
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: str = Field(default='')
GOOGLE_API_KEY: str = Field(default='')
DEEPSEEK_API_KEY: str = Field(default='')
GROK_API_KEY: str = Field(default='')
NOVITA_API_KEY: str = Field(default='')
AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT: str = Field(default='')
AZURE_OPENAI_KEY: str = Field(default='')
SKIP_LLM_API_KEY_VERIFICATION: bool = Field(default=False)
DEFAULT_LLM: str = Field(default='')
# Runtime hints
IN_DOCKER: bool | None = Field(default=None)
IS_IN_EVALS: bool = Field(default=False)
WIN_FONT_DIR: str = Field(default='C:\\Windows\\Fonts')
BROWSER_USE_VERSION_CHECK: bool = Field(default=True)
# MCP-specific env vars
BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_PATH: str | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_HEADLESS: bool | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: str | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_LLM_MODEL: str | None = Field(default=None)
# Proxy env vars
BROWSER_USE_PROXY_URL: str | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_NO_PROXY: str | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_PROXY_USERNAME: str | None = Field(default=None)
BROWSER_USE_PROXY_PASSWORD: str | None = Field(default=None)
# Extension env vars
BROWSER_USE_DISABLE_EXTENSIONS: bool | None = Field(default=None)
class DBStyleEntry(BaseModel):
"""Database-style entry with UUID and metadata."""
id: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: str(uuid4()))
default: bool = Field(default=False)
created_at: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.utcnow().isoformat())
class BrowserProfileEntry(DBStyleEntry):
"""Browser profile configuration entry - accepts any BrowserProfile fields."""
model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow')
# Common browser profile fields for reference
headless: bool | None = None
user_data_dir: str | None = None
allowed_domains: list[str] | None = None
downloads_path: str | None = None
class LLMEntry(DBStyleEntry):
"""LLM configuration entry."""
api_key: str | None = None
model: str | None = None
temperature: float | None = None
max_tokens: int | None = None
class AgentEntry(DBStyleEntry):
"""Agent configuration entry."""
max_steps: int | None = None
use_vision: bool | None = None
system_prompt: str | None = None
class DBStyleConfigJSON(BaseModel):
"""New database-style configuration format."""
browser_profile: dict[str, BrowserProfileEntry] = Field(default_factory=dict)
llm: dict[str, LLMEntry] = Field(default_factory=dict)
agent: dict[str, AgentEntry] = Field(default_factory=dict)
def create_default_config() -> DBStyleConfigJSON:
"""Create a fresh default configuration."""
logger.debug('Creating fresh default config.json')
new_config = DBStyleConfigJSON()
# Generate default IDs
profile_id = str(uuid4())
llm_id = str(uuid4())
agent_id = str(uuid4())
# Create default browser profile entry
new_config.browser_profile[profile_id] = BrowserProfileEntry(id=profile_id, default=True, headless=False, user_data_dir=None)
# Create default LLM entry
new_config.llm[llm_id] = LLMEntry(id=llm_id, default=True, model='gpt-4.1-mini', api_key='your-openai-api-key-here')
# Create default agent entry
new_config.agent[agent_id] = AgentEntry(id=agent_id, default=True)
return new_config
def load_and_migrate_config(config_path: Path) -> DBStyleConfigJSON:
"""Load config.json or create fresh one if old format detected."""
if not config_path.exists():
# Create fresh config with defaults
config_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
new_config = create_default_config()
with open(config_path, 'w') as f:
json.dump(new_config.model_dump(), f, indent=2)
return new_config
try:
with open(config_path) as f:
data = json.load(f)
# Check if it's already in DB-style format
if all(key in data for key in ['browser_profile', 'llm', 'agent']) and all(
isinstance(data.get(key, {}), dict) for key in ['browser_profile', 'llm', 'agent']
):
# Check if the values are DB-style entries (have UUIDs as keys)
if data.get('browser_profile') and all(isinstance(v, dict) and 'id' in v for v in data['browser_profile'].values()):
# Already in new format
return DBStyleConfigJSON(**data)
# Old format detected - delete it and create fresh config
logger.debug(f'Old config format detected at {config_path}, creating fresh config')
new_config = create_default_config()
# Overwrite with new config
with open(config_path, 'w') as f:
json.dump(new_config.model_dump(), f, indent=2)
logger.debug(f'Created fresh config.json at {config_path}')
return new_config
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'Failed to load config from {config_path}: {e}, creating fresh config')
# On any error, create fresh config
new_config = create_default_config()
try:
with open(config_path, 'w') as f:
json.dump(new_config.model_dump(), f, indent=2)
except Exception as write_error:
logger.error(f'Failed to write fresh config: {write_error}')
return new_config
class Config:
"""Backward-compatible configuration class that merges all config sources.
Re-reads environment variables on every access to maintain compatibility.
"""
def __init__(self):
# Cache for directory creation tracking only
self._dirs_created = False
def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
"""Dynamically proxy all attributes to fresh instances.
This ensures env vars are re-read on every access.
"""
# Special handling for internal attributes
if name.startswith('_'):
raise AttributeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute '{name}'")
# Create fresh instances on every access
old_config = OldConfig()
# Always use old config for all attributes (it handles env vars with proper transformations)
if hasattr(old_config, name):
return getattr(old_config, name)
# For new MCP-specific attributes not in old config
env_config = FlatEnvConfig()
if hasattr(env_config, name):
return getattr(env_config, name)
# Handle special methods
if name == 'get_default_profile':
return lambda: self._get_default_profile()
elif name == 'get_default_llm':
return lambda: self._get_default_llm()
elif name == 'get_default_agent':
return lambda: self._get_default_agent()
elif name == 'load_config':
return lambda: self._load_config()
elif name == '_ensure_dirs':
return lambda: old_config._ensure_dirs()
raise AttributeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute '{name}'")
def _get_config_path(self) -> Path:
"""Get config path from fresh env config."""
env_config = FlatEnvConfig()
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_PATH:
return Path(env_config.BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_PATH).expanduser()
elif env_config.BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR:
return Path(env_config.BROWSER_USE_CONFIG_DIR).expanduser() / 'config.json'
else:
xdg_config = Path(env_config.XDG_CONFIG_HOME).expanduser()
return xdg_config / 'browseruse' / 'config.json'
def _get_db_config(self) -> DBStyleConfigJSON:
"""Load and migrate config.json."""
config_path = self._get_config_path()
return load_and_migrate_config(config_path)
def _get_default_profile(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Get the default browser profile configuration."""
db_config = self._get_db_config()
for profile in db_config.browser_profile.values():
if profile.default:
return profile.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
# Return first profile if no default
if db_config.browser_profile:
return next(iter(db_config.browser_profile.values())).model_dump(exclude_none=True)
return {}
def _get_default_llm(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Get the default LLM configuration."""
db_config = self._get_db_config()
for llm in db_config.llm.values():
if llm.default:
return llm.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
# Return first LLM if no default
if db_config.llm:
return next(iter(db_config.llm.values())).model_dump(exclude_none=True)
return {}
def _get_default_agent(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Get the default agent configuration."""
db_config = self._get_db_config()
for agent in db_config.agent.values():
if agent.default:
return agent.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
# Return first agent if no default
if db_config.agent:
return next(iter(db_config.agent.values())).model_dump(exclude_none=True)
return {}
def _load_config(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Load configuration with env var overrides for MCP components."""
config = {
'browser_profile': self._get_default_profile(),
'llm': self._get_default_llm(),
'agent': self._get_default_agent(),
}
# Fresh env config for overrides
env_config = FlatEnvConfig()
# Apply MCP-specific env var overrides
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_HEADLESS is not None:
config['browser_profile']['headless'] = env_config.BROWSER_USE_HEADLESS
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_ALLOWED_DOMAINS:
domains = [d.strip() for d in env_config.BROWSER_USE_ALLOWED_DOMAINS.split(',') if d.strip()]
config['browser_profile']['allowed_domains'] = domains
# Proxy settings (Chromium) -> consolidated `proxy` dict
proxy_dict: dict[str, Any] = {}
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_PROXY_URL:
proxy_dict['server'] = env_config.BROWSER_USE_PROXY_URL
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_NO_PROXY:
# store bypass as comma-separated string to match Chrome flag
proxy_dict['bypass'] = ','.join([d.strip() for d in env_config.BROWSER_USE_NO_PROXY.split(',') if d.strip()])
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_PROXY_USERNAME:
proxy_dict['username'] = env_config.BROWSER_USE_PROXY_USERNAME
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_PROXY_PASSWORD:
proxy_dict['password'] = env_config.BROWSER_USE_PROXY_PASSWORD
if proxy_dict:
# ensure section exists
config.setdefault('browser_profile', {})
config['browser_profile']['proxy'] = proxy_dict
if env_config.OPENAI_API_KEY:
config['llm']['api_key'] = env_config.OPENAI_API_KEY
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_LLM_MODEL:
config['llm']['model'] = env_config.BROWSER_USE_LLM_MODEL
# Extension settings
if env_config.BROWSER_USE_DISABLE_EXTENSIONS is not None:
config['browser_profile']['enable_default_extensions'] = not env_config.BROWSER_USE_DISABLE_EXTENSIONS
return config
# Create singleton instance
CONFIG = Config()
# Helper functions for MCP components
def load_browser_use_config() -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Load browser-use configuration for MCP components."""
return CONFIG.load_config()
def get_default_profile(config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Get default browser profile from config dict."""
return config.get('browser_profile', {})
def get_default_llm(config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Get default LLM config from config dict."""
return config.get('llm', {})

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from browser_use.tools.service import Controller
__all__ = ['Controller']

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"""
Enhanced snapshot processing for browser-use DOM tree extraction.
This module provides stateless functions for parsing Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) DOMSnapshot data
to extract visibility, clickability, cursor styles, and other layout information.
"""
from cdp_use.cdp.domsnapshot.commands import CaptureSnapshotReturns
from cdp_use.cdp.domsnapshot.types import (
LayoutTreeSnapshot,
NodeTreeSnapshot,
RareBooleanData,
)
from browser_use.dom.views import DOMRect, EnhancedSnapshotNode
# Only the ESSENTIAL computed styles for interactivity and visibility detection
REQUIRED_COMPUTED_STYLES = [
# Only styles actually accessed in the codebase (prevents Chrome crashes on heavy sites)
'display', # Used in service.py visibility detection
'visibility', # Used in service.py visibility detection
'opacity', # Used in service.py visibility detection
'overflow', # Used in views.py scrollability detection
'overflow-x', # Used in views.py scrollability detection
'overflow-y', # Used in views.py scrollability detection
'cursor', # Used in enhanced_snapshot.py cursor extraction
'pointer-events', # Used for clickability logic
'position', # Used for visibility logic
'background-color', # Used for visibility logic
]
def _parse_rare_boolean_data(rare_data: RareBooleanData, index: int) -> bool | None:
"""Parse rare boolean data from snapshot - returns True if index is in the rare data."""
return index in rare_data['index']
def _parse_computed_styles(strings: list[str], style_indices: list[int]) -> dict[str, str]:
"""Parse computed styles from layout tree using string indices."""
styles = {}
for i, style_index in enumerate(style_indices):
if i < len(REQUIRED_COMPUTED_STYLES) and 0 <= style_index < len(strings):
styles[REQUIRED_COMPUTED_STYLES[i]] = strings[style_index]
return styles
def build_snapshot_lookup(
snapshot: CaptureSnapshotReturns,
device_pixel_ratio: float = 1.0,
) -> dict[int, EnhancedSnapshotNode]:
"""Build a lookup table of backend node ID to enhanced snapshot data with everything calculated upfront."""
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger('browser_use.dom.enhanced_snapshot')
snapshot_lookup: dict[int, EnhancedSnapshotNode] = {}
if not snapshot['documents']:
return snapshot_lookup
strings = snapshot['strings']
logger.debug(f'🔍 SNAPSHOT: Processing {len(snapshot["documents"])} documents with {len(strings)} strings')
for doc_idx, document in enumerate(snapshot['documents']):
nodes: NodeTreeSnapshot = document['nodes']
layout: LayoutTreeSnapshot = document['layout']
# Build backend node id to snapshot index lookup
backend_node_to_snapshot_index = {}
if 'backendNodeId' in nodes:
for i, backend_node_id in enumerate(nodes['backendNodeId']):
backend_node_to_snapshot_index[backend_node_id] = i
# Log document info
doc_url = strings[document.get('documentURL', 0)] if document.get('documentURL', 0) < len(strings) else 'N/A'
logger.debug(
f'🔍 SNAPSHOT doc[{doc_idx}]: url={doc_url[:80]}... has {len(backend_node_to_snapshot_index)} nodes, '
f'layout has {len(layout.get("nodeIndex", []))} entries'
)
# PERFORMANCE: Pre-build layout index map to eliminate O(n²) double lookups
# Preserve original behavior: use FIRST occurrence for duplicates
layout_index_map = {}
if layout and 'nodeIndex' in layout:
for layout_idx, node_index in enumerate(layout['nodeIndex']):
if node_index not in layout_index_map: # Only store first occurrence
layout_index_map[node_index] = layout_idx
# Build snapshot lookup for each backend node id
for backend_node_id, snapshot_index in backend_node_to_snapshot_index.items():
is_clickable = None
if 'isClickable' in nodes:
is_clickable = _parse_rare_boolean_data(nodes['isClickable'], snapshot_index)
# Find corresponding layout node
cursor_style = None
is_visible = None
bounding_box = None
computed_styles = {}
# Look for layout tree node that corresponds to this snapshot node
paint_order = None
client_rects = None
scroll_rects = None
stacking_contexts = None
if snapshot_index in layout_index_map:
layout_idx = layout_index_map[snapshot_index]
if layout_idx < len(layout.get('bounds', [])):
# Parse bounding box
bounds = layout['bounds'][layout_idx]
if len(bounds) >= 4:
# IMPORTANT: CDP coordinates are in device pixels, convert to CSS pixels
# by dividing by the device pixel ratio
raw_x, raw_y, raw_width, raw_height = bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3]
# Apply device pixel ratio scaling to convert device pixels to CSS pixels
bounding_box = DOMRect(
x=raw_x / device_pixel_ratio,
y=raw_y / device_pixel_ratio,
width=raw_width / device_pixel_ratio,
height=raw_height / device_pixel_ratio,
)
# Parse computed styles for this layout node
if layout_idx < len(layout.get('styles', [])):
style_indices = layout['styles'][layout_idx]
computed_styles = _parse_computed_styles(strings, style_indices)
cursor_style = computed_styles.get('cursor')
# Extract paint order if available
if layout_idx < len(layout.get('paintOrders', [])):
paint_order = layout.get('paintOrders', [])[layout_idx]
# Extract client rects if available
client_rects_data = layout.get('clientRects', [])
if layout_idx < len(client_rects_data):
client_rect_data = client_rects_data[layout_idx]
if client_rect_data and len(client_rect_data) >= 4:
client_rects = DOMRect(
x=client_rect_data[0],
y=client_rect_data[1],
width=client_rect_data[2],
height=client_rect_data[3],
)
# Extract scroll rects if available
scroll_rects_data = layout.get('scrollRects', [])
if layout_idx < len(scroll_rects_data):
scroll_rect_data = scroll_rects_data[layout_idx]
if scroll_rect_data and len(scroll_rect_data) >= 4:
scroll_rects = DOMRect(
x=scroll_rect_data[0],
y=scroll_rect_data[1],
width=scroll_rect_data[2],
height=scroll_rect_data[3],
)
# Extract stacking contexts if available
if layout_idx < len(layout.get('stackingContexts', [])):
stacking_contexts = layout.get('stackingContexts', {}).get('index', [])[layout_idx]
snapshot_lookup[backend_node_id] = EnhancedSnapshotNode(
is_clickable=is_clickable,
cursor_style=cursor_style,
bounds=bounding_box,
clientRects=client_rects,
scrollRects=scroll_rects,
computed_styles=computed_styles if computed_styles else None,
paint_order=paint_order,
stacking_contexts=stacking_contexts,
)
# Count how many have bounds (are actually visible/laid out)
with_bounds = sum(1 for n in snapshot_lookup.values() if n.bounds)
logger.debug(f'🔍 SNAPSHOT: Built lookup with {len(snapshot_lookup)} total entries, {with_bounds} have bounds')
return snapshot_lookup

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"""
Shared markdown extraction utilities for browser content processing.
This module provides a unified interface for extracting clean markdown from browser content,
used by both the tools service and page actor.
"""
import re
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum, auto
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
from browser_use.dom.serializer.html_serializer import HTMLSerializer
from browser_use.dom.service import DomService
from browser_use.dom.views import MarkdownChunk
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from browser_use.browser.session import BrowserSession
from browser_use.browser.watchdogs.dom_watchdog import DOMWatchdog
async def extract_clean_markdown(
browser_session: 'BrowserSession | None' = None,
dom_service: DomService | None = None,
target_id: str | None = None,
extract_links: bool = False,
extract_images: bool = False,
) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Any]]:
"""Extract clean markdown from browser content using enhanced DOM tree.
This unified function can extract markdown using either a browser session (for tools service)
or a DOM service with target ID (for page actor).
Args:
browser_session: Browser session to extract content from (tools service path)
dom_service: DOM service instance (page actor path)
target_id: Target ID for the page (required when using dom_service)
extract_links: Whether to preserve links in markdown
extract_images: Whether to preserve inline image src URLs in markdown
Returns:
tuple: (clean_markdown_content, content_statistics)
Raises:
ValueError: If neither browser_session nor (dom_service + target_id) are provided
"""
# Validate input parameters
if browser_session is not None:
if dom_service is not None or target_id is not None:
raise ValueError('Cannot specify both browser_session and dom_service/target_id')
# Browser session path (tools service)
enhanced_dom_tree = await _get_enhanced_dom_tree_from_browser_session(browser_session)
current_url = await browser_session.get_current_page_url()
method = 'enhanced_dom_tree'
elif dom_service is not None and target_id is not None:
# DOM service path (page actor)
# Lazy fetch all_frames inside get_dom_tree if needed (for cross-origin iframes)
enhanced_dom_tree, _ = await dom_service.get_dom_tree(target_id=target_id, all_frames=None)
current_url = None # Not available via DOM service
method = 'dom_service'
else:
raise ValueError('Must provide either browser_session or both dom_service and target_id')
# Use the HTML serializer with the enhanced DOM tree
html_serializer = HTMLSerializer(extract_links=extract_links)
page_html = html_serializer.serialize(enhanced_dom_tree)
original_html_length = len(page_html)
# Use markdownify for clean markdown conversion
from markdownify import markdownify as md
# 'td', 'th', and headings are the only elements where markdownify sets the _inline context,
# which causes img elements to be stripped to just alt text when keep_inline_images_in=[]
_keep_inline_images_in = ['td', 'th', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6'] if extract_images else []
content = md(
page_html,
heading_style='ATX', # Use # style headings
strip=['script', 'style'], # Remove these tags
bullets='-', # Use - for unordered lists
code_language='', # Don't add language to code blocks
escape_asterisks=False, # Don't escape asterisks (cleaner output)
escape_underscores=False, # Don't escape underscores (cleaner output)
escape_misc=False, # Don't escape other characters (cleaner output)
autolinks=False, # Don't convert URLs to <> format
default_title=False, # Don't add default title attributes
keep_inline_images_in=_keep_inline_images_in, # Include image src URLs when extract_images=True
)
initial_markdown_length = len(content)
# Minimal cleanup - markdownify already does most of the work
content = re.sub(r'%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}', '', content) # Remove any remaining URL encoding
# Apply light preprocessing to clean up excessive whitespace
content, chars_filtered = _preprocess_markdown_content(content)
final_filtered_length = len(content)
# Content statistics
stats = {
'method': method,
'original_html_chars': original_html_length,
'initial_markdown_chars': initial_markdown_length,
'filtered_chars_removed': chars_filtered,
'final_filtered_chars': final_filtered_length,
}
# Add URL to stats if available
if current_url:
stats['url'] = current_url
return content, stats
async def _get_enhanced_dom_tree_from_browser_session(browser_session: 'BrowserSession'):
"""Get enhanced DOM tree from browser session via DOMWatchdog."""
# Get the enhanced DOM tree from DOMWatchdog
# This captures the current state of the page including dynamic content, shadow roots, etc.
dom_watchdog: DOMWatchdog | None = browser_session._dom_watchdog
assert dom_watchdog is not None, 'DOMWatchdog not available'
# Use cached enhanced DOM tree if available, otherwise build it
if dom_watchdog.enhanced_dom_tree is not None:
return dom_watchdog.enhanced_dom_tree
# Build the enhanced DOM tree if not cached
await dom_watchdog._build_dom_tree_without_highlights()
enhanced_dom_tree = dom_watchdog.enhanced_dom_tree
assert enhanced_dom_tree is not None, 'Enhanced DOM tree not available'
return enhanced_dom_tree
# Legacy aliases removed - all code now uses the unified extract_clean_markdown function
def _preprocess_markdown_content(content: str, max_newlines: int = 3) -> tuple[str, int]:
"""
Light preprocessing of markdown output - minimal cleanup with JSON blob removal.
Args:
content: Markdown content to lightly filter
max_newlines: Maximum consecutive newlines to allow
Returns:
tuple: (filtered_content, chars_filtered)
"""
original_length = len(content)
# Remove JSON blobs (common in SPAs like LinkedIn, Facebook, etc.)
# These are often embedded as `{"key":"value",...}` and can be massive
# Match JSON objects/arrays that are at least 100 chars long
# This catches SPA state/config data without removing small inline JSON
content = re.sub(r'`\{["\w].*?\}`', '', content, flags=re.DOTALL) # Remove JSON in code blocks
content = re.sub(r'\{"\$type":[^}]{100,}\}', '', content) # Remove JSON with $type fields (common pattern)
content = re.sub(r'\{"[^"]{5,}":\{[^}]{100,}\}', '', content) # Remove nested JSON objects
# Compress consecutive newlines (4+ newlines become max_newlines)
content = re.sub(r'\n{4,}', '\n' * max_newlines, content)
# Remove lines that are only whitespace
lines = content.split('\n')
filtered_lines = []
for line in lines:
stripped = line.strip()
# Keep all non-empty lines
if stripped:
# Skip lines that look like JSON (start with { or [ and are very long)
if (stripped.startswith('{') or stripped.startswith('[')) and len(stripped) > 100:
continue
filtered_lines.append(line)
content = '\n'.join(filtered_lines)
content = content.strip()
chars_filtered = original_length - len(content)
return content, chars_filtered
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Structure-aware markdown chunking
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class _BlockType(Enum):
HEADER = auto()
CODE_FENCE = auto()
TABLE = auto()
LIST_ITEM = auto()
PARAGRAPH = auto()
BLANK = auto()
@dataclass(slots=True)
class _AtomicBlock:
block_type: _BlockType
lines: list[str]
char_start: int # offset in original content
char_end: int # offset in original content (exclusive)
_TABLE_ROW_RE = re.compile(r'^\s*\|.*\|\s*$')
_LIST_ITEM_RE = re.compile(r'^(\s*)([-*+]|\d+[.)]) ')
_LIST_CONTINUATION_RE = re.compile(r'^(\s{2,}|\t)')
def _parse_atomic_blocks(content: str) -> list[_AtomicBlock]:
"""Phase 1: Walk lines, group into unsplittable blocks."""
lines = content.split('\n')
blocks: list[_AtomicBlock] = []
i = 0
offset = 0 # char offset tracking
while i < len(lines):
line = lines[i]
line_len = len(line) + 1 # +1 for the newline we split on
# BLANK
if not line.strip():
blocks.append(
_AtomicBlock(
block_type=_BlockType.BLANK,
lines=[line],
char_start=offset,
char_end=offset + line_len,
)
)
offset += line_len
i += 1
continue
# CODE FENCE
if line.strip().startswith('```'):
fence_lines = [line]
fence_end = offset + line_len
i += 1
# Consume until closing fence or EOF
while i < len(lines):
fence_line = lines[i]
fence_line_len = len(fence_line) + 1
fence_lines.append(fence_line)
fence_end += fence_line_len
i += 1
if fence_line.strip().startswith('```') and len(fence_lines) > 1:
break
blocks.append(
_AtomicBlock(
block_type=_BlockType.CODE_FENCE,
lines=fence_lines,
char_start=offset,
char_end=fence_end,
)
)
offset = fence_end
continue
# HEADER
if line.lstrip().startswith('#'):
blocks.append(
_AtomicBlock(
block_type=_BlockType.HEADER,
lines=[line],
char_start=offset,
char_end=offset + line_len,
)
)
offset += line_len
i += 1
continue
# TABLE (consecutive |...| lines)
# Header + separator row stay together; each data row is its own block
if _TABLE_ROW_RE.match(line):
# Collect header line
header_lines = [line]
header_end = offset + line_len
i += 1
# Check if next line is separator (contains ---)
if i < len(lines) and _TABLE_ROW_RE.match(lines[i]) and '---' in lines[i]:
sep = lines[i]
sep_len = len(sep) + 1
header_lines.append(sep)
header_end += sep_len
i += 1
# Emit header+separator as one atomic block
blocks.append(
_AtomicBlock(
block_type=_BlockType.TABLE,
lines=header_lines,
char_start=offset,
char_end=header_end,
)
)
offset = header_end
# Each subsequent table row is its own TABLE block (splittable between rows)
while i < len(lines) and _TABLE_ROW_RE.match(lines[i]):
row = lines[i]
row_len = len(row) + 1
blocks.append(
_AtomicBlock(
block_type=_BlockType.TABLE,
lines=[row],
char_start=offset,
char_end=offset + row_len,
)
)
offset += row_len
i += 1
continue
# LIST ITEM (with indented continuations)
if _LIST_ITEM_RE.match(line):
list_lines = [line]
list_end = offset + line_len
i += 1
# Consume continuation lines (indented or blank between items)
while i < len(lines):
next_line = lines[i]
next_len = len(next_line) + 1
# Another list item at same or deeper indent → still part of this block
if _LIST_ITEM_RE.match(next_line):
list_lines.append(next_line)
list_end += next_len
i += 1
continue
# Indented continuation
if next_line.strip() and _LIST_CONTINUATION_RE.match(next_line):
list_lines.append(next_line)
list_end += next_len
i += 1
continue
break
blocks.append(
_AtomicBlock(
block_type=_BlockType.LIST_ITEM,
lines=list_lines,
char_start=offset,
char_end=list_end,
)
)
offset = list_end
continue
# PARAGRAPH (everything else, up to next blank line)
para_lines = [line]
para_end = offset + line_len
i += 1
while i < len(lines) and lines[i].strip():
# Stop if next line starts a different block type
nl = lines[i]
if nl.lstrip().startswith('#') or nl.strip().startswith('```') or _TABLE_ROW_RE.match(nl) or _LIST_ITEM_RE.match(nl):
break
nl_len = len(nl) + 1
para_lines.append(nl)
para_end += nl_len
i += 1
blocks.append(
_AtomicBlock(
block_type=_BlockType.PARAGRAPH,
lines=para_lines,
char_start=offset,
char_end=para_end,
)
)
offset = para_end
# Fix last block char_end: content may not end with \n
if blocks and content and not content.endswith('\n'):
blocks[-1] = _AtomicBlock(
block_type=blocks[-1].block_type,
lines=blocks[-1].lines,
char_start=blocks[-1].char_start,
char_end=len(content),
)
return blocks
def _block_text(block: _AtomicBlock) -> str:
return '\n'.join(block.lines)
def _get_table_header(block: _AtomicBlock) -> str | None:
"""Extract table header + separator rows from a TABLE block."""
assert block.block_type == _BlockType.TABLE
if len(block.lines) < 2:
return None
# Header is first line, separator is second line (must contain ---)
sep_line = block.lines[1]
if '---' in sep_line or '- -' in sep_line:
return block.lines[0] + '\n' + block.lines[1]
return None
def chunk_markdown_by_structure(
content: str,
max_chunk_chars: int = 100_000,
overlap_lines: int = 5,
start_from_char: int = 0,
) -> list[MarkdownChunk]:
"""Split markdown into structure-aware chunks.
Algorithm:
Phase 1 — Parse atomic blocks (headers, code fences, tables, list items, paragraphs).
Phase 2 — Greedy chunk assembly: accumulate blocks until exceeding max_chunk_chars.
A single block exceeding the limit is allowed (soft limit).
Phase 3 — Build overlap prefixes for context carry between chunks.
Args:
content: Full markdown string.
max_chunk_chars: Target maximum chars per chunk (soft limit for single blocks).
overlap_lines: Number of trailing lines from previous chunk to prepend.
start_from_char: Return chunks starting from the chunk that contains this offset.
Returns:
List of MarkdownChunk. Empty if start_from_char is past end of content.
"""
if not content:
return [
MarkdownChunk(
content='',
chunk_index=0,
total_chunks=1,
char_offset_start=0,
char_offset_end=0,
overlap_prefix='',
has_more=False,
)
]
if start_from_char >= len(content):
return []
# Phase 1: parse atomic blocks
blocks = _parse_atomic_blocks(content)
if not blocks:
return []
# Phase 2: greedy chunk assembly with header-preferred splitting
raw_chunks: list[list[_AtomicBlock]] = []
current_chunk: list[_AtomicBlock] = []
current_size = 0
for block in blocks:
block_size = block.char_end - block.char_start
# If adding this block would exceed limit AND we already have content, emit chunk
if current_size + block_size > max_chunk_chars and current_chunk:
# Prefer splitting at a header boundary within the current chunk.
# Scan backwards for the last HEADER block; if found and it wouldn't
# create a tiny chunk (< 50% of limit), split right before it so the
# header starts the next chunk for better semantic coherence.
best_split = len(current_chunk)
for j in range(len(current_chunk) - 1, 0, -1):
if current_chunk[j].block_type == _BlockType.HEADER:
prefix_size = sum(b.char_end - b.char_start for b in current_chunk[:j])
if prefix_size >= max_chunk_chars * 0.5:
best_split = j
break
raw_chunks.append(current_chunk[:best_split])
# Carry remaining blocks (from the header onward) into the next chunk
current_chunk = current_chunk[best_split:]
current_size = sum(b.char_end - b.char_start for b in current_chunk)
current_chunk.append(block)
current_size += block_size
if current_chunk:
raw_chunks.append(current_chunk)
total_chunks = len(raw_chunks)
# Phase 3: build MarkdownChunk objects with overlap prefixes
chunks: list[MarkdownChunk] = []
# Track table header from previous chunk for table continuations
prev_chunk_last_table_header: str | None = None
for idx, chunk_blocks in enumerate(raw_chunks):
chunk_text = '\n'.join(_block_text(b) for b in chunk_blocks)
char_start = chunk_blocks[0].char_start
char_end = chunk_blocks[-1].char_end
# Build overlap prefix
overlap = ''
if idx > 0:
prev_blocks = raw_chunks[idx - 1]
prev_text = '\n'.join(_block_text(b) for b in prev_blocks)
prev_lines = prev_text.split('\n')
# Check if current chunk starts with a table continuation
first_block = chunk_blocks[0]
if first_block.block_type == _BlockType.TABLE and prev_chunk_last_table_header:
# Always prepend table header for continuation
trailing = prev_lines[-(overlap_lines):] if overlap_lines > 0 else []
header_lines = prev_chunk_last_table_header.split('\n')
# Deduplicate: don't repeat header lines if they're already in trailing
combined = list(header_lines)
for tl in trailing:
if tl not in combined:
combined.append(tl)
overlap = '\n'.join(combined)
elif overlap_lines > 0:
overlap = '\n'.join(prev_lines[-(overlap_lines):])
# Track table header from this chunk for next iteration.
# Only overwrite if this chunk contains a new header+separator block;
# otherwise preserve the previous header so tables spanning 3+ chunks
# still get the header carried forward.
for b in chunk_blocks:
if b.block_type == _BlockType.TABLE:
hdr = _get_table_header(b)
if hdr is not None:
prev_chunk_last_table_header = hdr
has_more = idx < total_chunks - 1
chunks.append(
MarkdownChunk(
content=chunk_text,
chunk_index=idx,
total_chunks=total_chunks,
char_offset_start=char_start,
char_offset_end=char_end,
overlap_prefix=overlap,
has_more=has_more,
)
)
# Apply start_from_char filter: return chunks from the one containing that offset
if start_from_char > 0:
for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
if chunk.char_offset_end > start_from_char:
return chunks[i:]
return [] # offset past all chunks
return chunks

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import asyncio
import json
import os
import time
import anyio
import pyperclip
import tiktoken
from browser_use.agent.prompts import AgentMessagePrompt
from browser_use.browser import BrowserProfile, BrowserSession
from browser_use.browser.events import ClickElementEvent, TypeTextEvent
from browser_use.browser.profile import ViewportSize
from browser_use.dom.service import DomService
from browser_use.dom.views import DEFAULT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTES
from browser_use.filesystem.file_system import FileSystem
TIMEOUT = 60
async def test_focus_vs_all_elements():
browser_session = BrowserSession(
browser_profile=BrowserProfile(
# executable_path='/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome',
window_size=ViewportSize(width=1100, height=1000),
disable_security=False,
wait_for_network_idle_page_load_time=1,
headless=False,
args=['--incognito'],
paint_order_filtering=True,
),
)
# 10 Sample websites with various interactive elements
sample_websites = [
'https://browser-use.github.io/stress-tests/challenges/iframe-inception-level2.html',
'https://www.google.com/travel/flights',
'https://v0-simple-ui-test-site.vercel.app',
'https://browser-use.github.io/stress-tests/challenges/iframe-inception-level1.html',
'https://browser-use.github.io/stress-tests/challenges/angular-form.html',
'https://www.google.com/travel/flights',
'https://www.amazon.com/s?k=laptop',
'https://github.com/trending',
'https://www.reddit.com',
'https://www.ycombinator.com/companies',
'https://www.kayak.com/flights',
'https://www.booking.com',
'https://www.airbnb.com',
'https://www.linkedin.com/jobs',
'https://stackoverflow.com/questions',
]
# 5 Difficult websites with complex elements (iframes, canvas, dropdowns, etc.)
difficult_websites = [
'https://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_iframe', # Nested iframes
'https://semantic-ui.com/modules/dropdown.html', # Complex dropdowns
'https://www.dezlearn.com/nested-iframes-example/', # Cross-origin nested iframes
'https://codepen.io/towc/pen/mJzOWJ', # Canvas elements with interactions
'https://jqueryui.com/accordion/', # Complex accordion/dropdown widgets
'https://v0-simple-landing-page-seven-xi.vercel.app/', # Simple landing page with iframe
'https://www.unesco.org/en',
]
# Descriptions for difficult websites
difficult_descriptions = {
'https://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_iframe': '🔸 NESTED IFRAMES: Multiple iframe layers',
'https://semantic-ui.com/modules/dropdown.html': '🔸 COMPLEX DROPDOWNS: Custom dropdown components',
'https://www.dezlearn.com/nested-iframes-example/': '🔸 CROSS-ORIGIN IFRAMES: Different domain iframes',
'https://codepen.io/towc/pen/mJzOWJ': '🔸 CANVAS ELEMENTS: Interactive canvas graphics',
'https://jqueryui.com/accordion/': '🔸 ACCORDION WIDGETS: Collapsible content sections',
}
websites = sample_websites + difficult_websites
current_website_index = 0
def get_website_list_for_prompt() -> str:
"""Get a compact website list for the input prompt."""
lines = []
lines.append('📋 Websites:')
# Sample websites (1-10)
for i, site in enumerate(sample_websites, 1):
current_marker = '' if (i - 1) == current_website_index else ''
domain = site.replace('https://', '').split('/')[0]
lines.append(f' {i:2d}.{domain[:15]:<15}{current_marker}')
# Difficult websites (11-15)
for i, site in enumerate(difficult_websites, len(sample_websites) + 1):
current_marker = '' if (i - 1) == current_website_index else ''
domain = site.replace('https://', '').split('/')[0]
desc = difficult_descriptions.get(site, '')
challenge = desc.split(': ')[1][:15] if ': ' in desc else ''
lines.append(f' {i:2d}.{domain[:15]:<15} ({challenge}){current_marker}')
return '\n'.join(lines)
await browser_session.start()
# Show startup info
print('\n🌐 BROWSER-USE DOM EXTRACTION TESTER')
print(f'📊 {len(websites)} websites total: {len(sample_websites)} standard + {len(difficult_websites)} complex')
print('🔧 Controls: Type 1-15 to jump | Enter to re-run | "n" next | "q" quit')
print('💾 Outputs: tmp/user_message.txt & tmp/element_tree.json\n')
dom_service = DomService(browser_session)
while True:
# Cycle through websites
if current_website_index >= len(websites):
current_website_index = 0
print('Cycled back to first website!')
website = websites[current_website_index]
# sleep 2
await browser_session._cdp_navigate(website)
await asyncio.sleep(1)
last_clicked_index = None # Track the index for text input
while True:
try:
# all_elements_state = await dom_service.get_serialized_dom_tree()
website_type = 'DIFFICULT' if website in difficult_websites else 'SAMPLE'
print(f'\n{"=" * 60}')
print(f'[{current_website_index + 1}/{len(websites)}] [{website_type}] Testing: {website}')
if website in difficult_descriptions:
print(f'{difficult_descriptions[website]}')
print(f'{"=" * 60}')
# Get/refresh the state (includes removing old highlights)
print('\nGetting page state...')
start_time = time.time()
all_elements_state = await browser_session.get_browser_state_summary(True)
end_time = time.time()
get_state_time = end_time - start_time
print(f'get_state_summary took {get_state_time:.2f} seconds')
# Get detailed timing info from DOM service
print('\nGetting detailed DOM timing...')
serialized_state, _, timing_info = await dom_service.get_serialized_dom_tree()
# Combine all timing info
all_timing = {'get_state_summary_total': get_state_time, **timing_info}
selector_map = all_elements_state.dom_state.selector_map
total_elements = len(selector_map.keys())
print(f'Total number of elements: {total_elements}')
# print(all_elements_state.element_tree.clickable_elements_to_string())
prompt = AgentMessagePrompt(
browser_state_summary=all_elements_state,
file_system=FileSystem(base_dir='./tmp'),
include_attributes=DEFAULT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTES,
step_info=None,
)
# Write the user message to a file for analysis
user_message = prompt.get_user_message(use_vision=False).text
# clickable_elements_str = all_elements_state.element_tree.clickable_elements_to_string()
text_to_save = user_message
os.makedirs('./tmp', exist_ok=True)
async with await anyio.open_file('./tmp/user_message.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
await f.write(text_to_save)
# save pure clickable elements to a file
if all_elements_state.dom_state._root:
async with await anyio.open_file('./tmp/simplified_element_tree.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
await f.write(json.dumps(all_elements_state.dom_state._root.__json__(), indent=2))
async with await anyio.open_file('./tmp/original_element_tree.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
await f.write(json.dumps(all_elements_state.dom_state._root.original_node.__json__(), indent=2))
# copy the user message to the clipboard
# pyperclip.copy(text_to_save)
encoding = tiktoken.encoding_for_model('gpt-4.1-mini')
token_count = len(encoding.encode(text_to_save))
print(f'Token count: {token_count}')
print('User message written to ./tmp/user_message.txt')
print('Element tree written to ./tmp/simplified_element_tree.json')
print('Original element tree written to ./tmp/original_element_tree.json')
# Save timing information
timing_text = '🔍 DOM EXTRACTION PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS\n'
timing_text += f'{"=" * 50}\n\n'
timing_text += f'📄 Website: {website}\n'
timing_text += f'📊 Total Elements: {total_elements}\n'
timing_text += f'🎯 Token Count: {token_count}\n\n'
timing_text += '⏱️ TIMING BREAKDOWN:\n'
timing_text += f'{"" * 30}\n'
for key, value in all_timing.items():
timing_text += f'{key:<35}: {value * 1000:>8.2f} ms\n'
# Calculate percentages
total_time = all_timing.get('get_state_summary_total', 0)
if total_time > 0 and total_elements > 0:
timing_text += '\n📈 PERCENTAGE BREAKDOWN:\n'
timing_text += f'{"" * 30}\n'
for key, value in all_timing.items():
if key != 'get_state_summary_total':
percentage = (value / total_time) * 100
timing_text += f'{key:<35}: {percentage:>7.1f}%\n'
timing_text += '\n🎯 CLICKABLE DETECTION ANALYSIS:\n'
timing_text += f'{"" * 35}\n'
clickable_time = all_timing.get('clickable_detection_time', 0)
if clickable_time > 0 and total_elements > 0:
avg_per_element = (clickable_time / total_elements) * 1000000 # microseconds
timing_text += f'Total clickable detection time: {clickable_time * 1000:.2f} ms\n'
timing_text += f'Average per element: {avg_per_element:.2f} μs\n'
timing_text += f'Clickable detection calls: ~{total_elements} (approx)\n'
async with await anyio.open_file('./tmp/timing_analysis.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
await f.write(timing_text)
print('Timing analysis written to ./tmp/timing_analysis.txt')
# also save all_elements_state.element_tree.clickable_elements_to_string() to a file
# with open('./tmp/clickable_elements.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
# f.write(json.dumps(all_elements_state.element_tree.__json__(), indent=2))
# print('Clickable elements written to ./tmp/clickable_elements.json')
website_list = get_website_list_for_prompt()
answer = input(
"🎮 Enter: element index | 'index' click (clickable) | 'index,text' input | 'c,index' copy | Enter re-run | 'n' next | 'q' quit: "
)
if answer.lower() == 'q':
return # Exit completely
elif answer.lower() == 'n':
print('Moving to next website...')
current_website_index += 1
break # Break inner loop to go to next website
elif answer.strip() == '':
print('Re-running extraction on current page state...')
continue # Continue inner loop to re-extract DOM without reloading page
elif answer.strip().isdigit():
# Click element format: index
try:
clicked_index = int(answer)
if clicked_index in selector_map:
element_node = selector_map[clicked_index]
print(f'Clicking element {clicked_index}: {element_node.tag_name}')
event = browser_session.event_bus.dispatch(ClickElementEvent(node=element_node))
await event
print('Click successful.')
except ValueError:
print(f"Invalid input: '{answer}'. Enter an index, 'index,text', 'c,index', or 'q'.")
continue
try:
if answer.lower().startswith('c,'):
# Copy element JSON format: c,index
parts = answer.split(',', 1)
if len(parts) == 2:
try:
target_index = int(parts[1].strip())
if target_index in selector_map:
element_node = selector_map[target_index]
element_json = json.dumps(element_node.__json__(), indent=2, default=str)
pyperclip.copy(element_json)
print(f'Copied element {target_index} JSON to clipboard: {element_node.tag_name}')
else:
print(f'Invalid index: {target_index}')
except ValueError:
print(f'Invalid index format: {parts[1]}')
else:
print("Invalid input format. Use 'c,index'.")
elif ',' in answer:
# Input text format: index,text
parts = answer.split(',', 1)
if len(parts) == 2:
try:
target_index = int(parts[0].strip())
text_to_input = parts[1]
if target_index in selector_map:
element_node = selector_map[target_index]
print(
f"Inputting text '{text_to_input}' into element {target_index}: {element_node.tag_name}"
)
event = await browser_session.event_bus.dispatch(
TypeTextEvent(node=element_node, text=text_to_input)
)
print('Input successful.')
else:
print(f'Invalid index: {target_index}')
except ValueError:
print(f'Invalid index format: {parts[0]}')
else:
print("Invalid input format. Use 'index,text'.")
except Exception as action_e:
print(f'Action failed: {action_e}')
# No explicit highlight removal here, get_state handles it at the start of the loop
except Exception as e:
print(f'Error in loop: {e}')
# Optionally add a small delay before retrying
await asyncio.sleep(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
asyncio.run(test_focus_vs_all_elements())
# asyncio.run(test_process_html_file()) # Commented out the other test

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
from browser_use import Agent
from browser_use.browser import BrowserProfile, BrowserSession
from browser_use.browser.profile import ViewportSize
from browser_use.llm import ChatAzureOpenAI
# Initialize the Azure OpenAI client
llm = ChatAzureOpenAI(
model='gpt-4.1-mini',
)
TASK = """
Go to https://browser-use.github.io/stress-tests/challenges/react-native-web-form.html and complete the React Native Web form by filling in all required fields and submitting.
"""
async def main():
browser = BrowserSession(
browser_profile=BrowserProfile(
window_size=ViewportSize(width=1100, height=1000),
)
)
agent = Agent(task=TASK, llm=llm)
await agent.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import asyncio
asyncio.run(main())

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
from browser_use.dom.views import EnhancedDOMTreeNode, NodeType
class ClickableElementDetector:
@staticmethod
def is_interactive(node: EnhancedDOMTreeNode) -> bool:
"""Check if this node is clickable/interactive using enhanced scoring."""
def has_form_control_descendant(element: EnhancedDOMTreeNode, max_depth: int = 2) -> bool:
"""Detect nested form controls within limited depth (handles label/span wrappers)."""
if max_depth <= 0:
return False
for child in element.children_and_shadow_roots:
if child.node_type != NodeType.ELEMENT_NODE:
continue
tag_name = child.tag_name
if tag_name in {'input', 'select', 'textarea'}:
return True
if has_form_control_descendant(child, max_depth=max_depth - 1):
return True
return False
# Skip non-element nodes
if node.node_type != NodeType.ELEMENT_NODE:
return False
# # if ax ignored skip
# if node.ax_node and node.ax_node.ignored:
# return False
# remove html and body nodes
if node.tag_name in {'html', 'body'}:
return False
# Check for JavaScript click event listeners detected via CDP (without DOM mutation)
# this handles vue.js @click, react onClick, angular (click), etc.
if node.has_js_click_listener:
return True
# IFRAME elements should be interactive if they're large enough to potentially need scrolling
# Small iframes (< 100px width or height) are unlikely to have scrollable content
if node.tag_name and node.tag_name.upper() == 'IFRAME' or node.tag_name.upper() == 'FRAME':
if node.snapshot_node and node.snapshot_node.bounds:
width = node.snapshot_node.bounds.width
height = node.snapshot_node.bounds.height
# Only include iframes larger than 100x100px
if width > 100 and height > 100:
return True
# RELAXED SIZE CHECK: Allow all elements including size 0 (they might be interactive overlays, etc.)
# Note: Size 0 elements can still be interactive (e.g., invisible clickable overlays)
# Visibility is determined separately by CSS styles, not just bounding box size
# Specialized handling for labels used as component wrappers (e.g., Ant Design radio/checkbox)
if node.tag_name == 'label':
# Skip labels that proxy via "for" to avoid double-activating external inputs
if node.attributes and node.attributes.get('for'):
return False
# Detect labels that wrap form controls up to two levels deep (label > span > input)
if has_form_control_descendant(node, max_depth=2):
return True
# Fall through to pointer/role/attribute heuristics for other label cases
# Span wrappers for UI components (detect clear interactive signals only)
if node.tag_name == 'span':
if has_form_control_descendant(node, max_depth=2):
return True
# Allow other heuristics (aria roles, event handlers, pointer) to decide
# SEARCH ELEMENT DETECTION: Check for search-related classes and attributes
if node.attributes:
search_indicators = {
'search',
'magnify',
'glass',
'lookup',
'find',
'query',
'search-icon',
'search-btn',
'search-button',
'searchbox',
}
# Check class names for search indicators
class_list = node.attributes.get('class', '').lower().split()
if any(indicator in ' '.join(class_list) for indicator in search_indicators):
return True
# Check id for search indicators
element_id = node.attributes.get('id', '').lower()
if any(indicator in element_id for indicator in search_indicators):
return True
# Check data attributes for search functionality
for attr_name, attr_value in node.attributes.items():
if attr_name.startswith('data-') and any(indicator in attr_value.lower() for indicator in search_indicators):
return True
# Enhanced accessibility property checks - direct clear indicators only
if node.ax_node and node.ax_node.properties:
for prop in node.ax_node.properties:
try:
# aria disabled
if prop.name == 'disabled' and prop.value:
return False
# aria hidden
if prop.name == 'hidden' and prop.value:
return False
# Direct interactiveness indicators
if prop.name in ['focusable', 'editable', 'settable'] and prop.value:
return True
# Interactive state properties (presence indicates interactive widget)
if prop.name in ['checked', 'expanded', 'pressed', 'selected']:
# These properties only exist on interactive elements
return True
# Form-related interactiveness
if prop.name in ['required', 'autocomplete'] and prop.value:
return True
# Elements with keyboard shortcuts are interactive
if prop.name == 'keyshortcuts' and prop.value:
return True
except (AttributeError, ValueError):
# Skip properties we can't process
continue
# ENHANCED TAG CHECK: Include truly interactive elements
# Note: 'label' removed - labels are handled by other attribute checks below - other wise labels with "for" attribute can destroy the real clickable element on apartments.com
interactive_tags = {
'button',
'input',
'select',
'textarea',
'a',
'details',
'summary',
'option',
'optgroup',
}
# Check with case-insensitive comparison
if node.tag_name and node.tag_name.lower() in interactive_tags:
return True
# SVG elements need special handling - only interactive if they have explicit handlers
# svg_tags = {'svg', 'path', 'circle', 'rect', 'polygon', 'ellipse', 'line', 'polyline', 'g'}
# if node.tag_name in svg_tags:
# # Only consider SVG elements interactive if they have:
# # 1. Explicit event handlers
# # 2. Interactive role attributes
# # 3. Cursor pointer style
# if node.attributes:
# # Check for event handlers
# if any(attr.startswith('on') for attr in node.attributes):
# return True
# # Check for interactive roles
# if node.attributes.get('role') in {'button', 'link', 'menuitem'}:
# return True
# # Check for cursor pointer (indicating clickability)
# if node.attributes.get('style') and 'cursor: pointer' in node.attributes.get('style', ''):
# return True
# # Otherwise, SVG elements are decorative
# return False
# Tertiary check: elements with interactive attributes
if node.attributes:
# Check for event handlers or interactive attributes
interactive_attributes = {'onclick', 'onmousedown', 'onmouseup', 'onkeydown', 'onkeyup', 'tabindex'}
if any(attr in node.attributes for attr in interactive_attributes):
return True
# Check for interactive ARIA roles
if 'role' in node.attributes:
interactive_roles = {
'button',
'link',
'menuitem',
'option',
'radio',
'checkbox',
'tab',
'textbox',
'combobox',
'slider',
'spinbutton',
'search',
'searchbox',
'row',
'cell',
'gridcell',
}
if node.attributes['role'] in interactive_roles:
return True
# Quaternary check: accessibility tree roles
if node.ax_node and node.ax_node.role:
interactive_ax_roles = {
'button',
'link',
'menuitem',
'option',
'radio',
'checkbox',
'tab',
'textbox',
'combobox',
'slider',
'spinbutton',
'listbox',
'search',
'searchbox',
'row',
'cell',
'gridcell',
}
if node.ax_node.role in interactive_ax_roles:
return True
# ICON AND SMALL ELEMENT CHECK: Elements that might be icons
if (
node.snapshot_node
and node.snapshot_node.bounds
and 10 <= node.snapshot_node.bounds.width <= 50 # Icon-sized elements
and 10 <= node.snapshot_node.bounds.height <= 50
):
# Check if this small element has interactive properties
if node.attributes:
# Small elements with these attributes are likely interactive icons
icon_attributes = {'class', 'role', 'onclick', 'data-action', 'aria-label'}
if any(attr in node.attributes for attr in icon_attributes):
return True
# Final fallback: cursor style indicates interactivity (for cases Chrome missed)
if node.snapshot_node and node.snapshot_node.cursor_style and node.snapshot_node.cursor_style == 'pointer':
return True
return False

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